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The line of sight of their optics must be aligned during the entire communication time; this is crutial in large distance data transmission.
The alignment of transmitter and receiver of telescope is crucial in transferring data.
The settling time with the controller has reduced to 4.046 s from original value of 17.021 s, this is a reduction of 76.2%.
Simulation study on performance of LQR controller is given and significant reduction in settling time and percentage of overshoot is achieved for a step input.

In general, the controllable parameters are only indirect data on features of the final weld to be made.
Tailored blank has many advantages including weight reduction due to combining specific material at particular parts of the components, scrap reduction and high dimensional accuracy [3,4].
However, the controllable parameters are only indirect data on features of the final weld to be made.

It is assumed that the window length is fixed to be W, and data from period 1, 2, …W will form the first window containing NxW units, data from period 2, 3, …, W, W+1 will form the second window containing NxW units, and so on and the last window will consist of data from period T-W+1,…,T containing NxW units.
Ferruzzi: Benchmarking economical efficiency of renewable energy power plants: a Data Envelopment Analysis approach.
Tone: Data Envelopment Analysis: A Comprehensive Text with Models Applications (Springer Science, New York 2007)
Zhu: Handbook on Data Envelopment Analysis (Springer Science+Business Media, New York 2011) [12] H.
Cheng (2003), Analysis of panel data: Second Edition (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK 2003), pp. 5-21.

And O3 stress caused an acceleration of caducity that might be in part responsible for the reduction of photosynthesis.
Reductions in stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content and carboxylation efficiency have all been associated with O3 stress[5], and thus eventually slowing down total biomass growth rate.
All data were subjected to statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS 11.5 for Windows statistical software.
Chla content had a maximum reduction of 22.58% under O3-1 and 23.97% under O3-2 respectively compared with CK.
Compared to CK, Chl(a+b) content had a maximum reduction of 12.44% under O3-1 and 5.61% under O3-2 respectively.

This phase precipitated by the reduction of CaO leads to the refinement of a microstructure and improvement of tensile properties at elevated temperature similar to the Ca added Mg alloys.
The tensile properties value of Ca or CaO added alloys especially UTS value is reduced because of β-phase reduction which contributes to room temperature strength of the alloys.
This phase precipitated by the reduction of CaO leads to the refinement of a microstructure and improvement of tensile properties at elevated temperature similar to the Ca added Mg alloys [5, 6].
Also as can be seen in data CaO added alloys have superior high temperature performance compared with Ca added alloys.
This phase precipitated by the reduction of CaO leads to the refinement of a microstructure and improvement of tensile properties at elevated temperature similar to the Ca added Mg alloys.

The phase change materials (PCM) based cooling system have gained recent popularity with PV module temperature (TPV) reduction.
Al-Waeli et al. [8] introduced silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles into a PCM to enhance the PV temperature reduction.
It is expected that nc-PCM with a higher thermal conductivity could enhance PV temperature reduction and, consequently, module efficiency. 2.
Consequently, values of parameters are average data. 3.
Sukchai: Investigation on Thermal Absorptivity of PCM Matrix Material for Photovoltaic Module Temperature Reduction.

In this model, a reference chaotic waveformis transmitted during the first half of each data bit.
Various noise reduction techniques have been proposed to solve this problem and limitations as well [5-9].
Then the decision variable for producing the output data stream is gotten.
In particular, the reduction of error rate is more evident in the Rayleigh channel model.
In: International Conference on Communication Technology, pp. 1361--1363 (2000) [9]Wang Jianming and Xu Zhenlin.: A New Version of DCSK Data Transmission Scheme.

Model Formulation There is a high degree of uncertainty associated with inspection data as well as material, environmental, load and structural effects.
The most reliable data on the corrosion rate can be obtained by measuring weight differences in the reinforcing steel with reference to its surface area exposed to corrosion.
According to available experimental data, after the initiation of corrosion the bond strength initially increases slightly (before cracking occurs), but then decreases as the corrosion propagates.
The other two types of element are used to model the reduction in bond strength between concrete and reinforcing steel as a result of general corrosion.
As expected, this is due to the decrease in bond strength between the concrete and the corroded reinforcement, while reduction of the crosssectional area of the reinforcement has an insignificant effect on serviceability reliability.

In view of lightweight design the possible levers for weight reduction are volume (i.e, thickness and/or surface) reduction of parts and density reductions while maintaining strength levels [9] meaning either going for composite materials, density reduced steels, light metals or increasing strength levels.
Another important point is the use of lab - data acquired as a feedback and validation means for processing models.
Properly executed, such a data - analytics based feedback loop results in physics - based metallurgical models with a wide range of validity which can be used for upscaling data acquired in the lab to the large - scale situation in the production facility.
However, it has to be pointed out that, in the case of rolling facilities, closing this final feedback loop necessitates the use of data acquisition systems that accomplish so - called segment based data collect ion such as the Through - process optimization system (TPO) including through -process quality control (TPQC) functionality already installed at the HBIS facilities in the Tangshan - stainless steel and the Tangshan - THSAS complex [22][23].
To outline the position -related data collection functionality of TPO Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 show the determination of boundary conditions experienced by a particular piece of rolled strip for the case of an endless strip production (ESP) plant.

An increase in crater depth is observed with the reduction in flexible pad hardness.
In this analysis, uniaxial tensile data of the flexible pad materials was supplied as input for the Mooney-Rivlin model.
This behavior caused a reduction in crater depth at 2000 µm as shown in Fig. 7a.
An increase in crater depth is observed with the reduction in the hardness of flexible pad.
H., A constitutive model and data for metals subjected to large strains, high strain rates and high temperatures, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ballastics, (1983) 541-547