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Online since: July 2015
Authors: Vsevolod I. Okulov, E.A. Pamyatnykh, T.E. Govorkova, A.T. Lonchakov, M.A. Andriichuk, L.D. Paranchich, V.V. Deryushkin, S.B. Bobin
Comparison of the experimental data together with the previously reported results related to crystals with iron, cobalt and nickel impurities shows that the relative contribution to the anomalous Hall effect is maximal for vanadium impurity (≈ 13%) and minimal for iron impurity (≈ 5%).
The reduction of the error was achieved thanks to temperature stabilization of contacts and joints of experimental setup and to the use of test wires in special thermal insulation.
Magnetic field dependencies of ratio for investigated HgSe:3d samples and HgSe:Fe sample, obtained using the data of [3], are shown in Fig.2.
We established that hysteretic contribution has long-term relaxation processes (it’s reduction to zero), which points to the relationship with the relaxation of non-equilibrium magnetization of spontaneously polarized electron system).
The reduction of the error was achieved thanks to temperature stabilization of contacts and joints of experimental setup and to the use of test wires in special thermal insulation.
Magnetic field dependencies of ratio for investigated HgSe:3d samples and HgSe:Fe sample, obtained using the data of [3], are shown in Fig.2.
We established that hysteretic contribution has long-term relaxation processes (it’s reduction to zero), which points to the relationship with the relaxation of non-equilibrium magnetization of spontaneously polarized electron system).
Online since: August 2018
Authors: O. Bohórquez, Alberto Pertuz, Octavio Andrés González-Estrada, Sergio Andrés Ardila Parra
An estimation of the shaft’s field of stresses and deformations was made, taking as reference the energy consumption data provided by the process[7].
Operational torque was calculated using voltage 220 (V) and current 244(amp), data collected in the workplace and applying reduction due to mechanical mounting and motor efficiency.
(1) This power was taken as a reference to calculate the torque value, using power mechanics equation[8], with rotational speed directly on the shaft of 16 (rpm), and considering reduction ratio by gearbox, effective torque was calculated as 34893 (N.m).
Table 2 shows a reduction in hardness in specific areas of interest.
Data taken area Rockwell C Average Shaft with original condition Lengthwise section 36, 37, 36 36.33 Transversal section 36, 37, 37 36.66 Shaft with welding process applied Lengthwise section 28, 28, 27, 30, 30, 30, 30, 31, 32, 31.5, 34, 35, 34, 33 28.54 Transversal section 28, 30, 31, 30, 31, 32, 32, 32, 33, 34 31.33 Conclusions Failure mode in the shaft was characterized by a repairment for the welding process, due to premature plastic deformation on the hexagonal peripheral zone, this repairment persecuted to recover the support area to helical sections, after the intervention, was evidenced a nucleation of crack, and propagation of fissure, that led to breaking off the shaft.
Operational torque was calculated using voltage 220 (V) and current 244(amp), data collected in the workplace and applying reduction due to mechanical mounting and motor efficiency.
(1) This power was taken as a reference to calculate the torque value, using power mechanics equation[8], with rotational speed directly on the shaft of 16 (rpm), and considering reduction ratio by gearbox, effective torque was calculated as 34893 (N.m).
Table 2 shows a reduction in hardness in specific areas of interest.
Data taken area Rockwell C Average Shaft with original condition Lengthwise section 36, 37, 36 36.33 Transversal section 36, 37, 37 36.66 Shaft with welding process applied Lengthwise section 28, 28, 27, 30, 30, 30, 30, 31, 32, 31.5, 34, 35, 34, 33 28.54 Transversal section 28, 30, 31, 30, 31, 32, 32, 32, 33, 34 31.33 Conclusions Failure mode in the shaft was characterized by a repairment for the welding process, due to premature plastic deformation on the hexagonal peripheral zone, this repairment persecuted to recover the support area to helical sections, after the intervention, was evidenced a nucleation of crack, and propagation of fissure, that led to breaking off the shaft.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Xiang Yang Xu, Liang Yi Cui, Yan Xiao Fu, Peng Dong
The conclusion shows that with an accurate dynamic model, simulation results and test results are neighborhood data, the simulation model can be used to help realizing the ultimate goal of better shift quality with higher efficiency, lower shift loads and improved shifting comfort.
TC2t=TEt-IE∙aEt TC1t=0 (3) For the purpose of assisting slip control of the clutch and reducing the impact of shifting, an Engine Management System (EMS) is needed to receive the torque reduction signal as well as the quantitative value from transmission ECU through CAN-bus.
The target value of engine torque reduction can be calculated by Eq. 4.
Due to the combined effect of the engine torque reduction and the clutch torque increase, the engine speed is pulled down to the 4th gear speed line, see graph (b).
Therefore only the control of clutch torque reduction is used here; second, if the engine torque stays high, the speed synchronization process will be adversely affected.
TC2t=TEt-IE∙aEt TC1t=0 (3) For the purpose of assisting slip control of the clutch and reducing the impact of shifting, an Engine Management System (EMS) is needed to receive the torque reduction signal as well as the quantitative value from transmission ECU through CAN-bus.
The target value of engine torque reduction can be calculated by Eq. 4.
Due to the combined effect of the engine torque reduction and the clutch torque increase, the engine speed is pulled down to the 4th gear speed line, see graph (b).
Therefore only the control of clutch torque reduction is used here; second, if the engine torque stays high, the speed synchronization process will be adversely affected.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Hsien Te Lin, Yu Chung Wang
Energy Consumption Parameter of Standard Model Building
Weather data must first be defined in evaluating analysis of building’ss energy consumption.
The weather data of this research is based on typical meteorological year (TMY2) with 8760 hourly records in Taiwan.
Opening Reduction and Sunshade Design 2-1-2.
Consumption Parameter of Energy-Saving Air Conditioning Reduction Design High air conditioning consumption is the primary cause of energy consumption.
Consumption Parameter of Energy-Saving Lighting Reduction and Ambiance Control Design Lighting design is one aspect often been neglected.
The weather data of this research is based on typical meteorological year (TMY2) with 8760 hourly records in Taiwan.
Opening Reduction and Sunshade Design 2-1-2.
Consumption Parameter of Energy-Saving Air Conditioning Reduction Design High air conditioning consumption is the primary cause of energy consumption.
Consumption Parameter of Energy-Saving Lighting Reduction and Ambiance Control Design Lighting design is one aspect often been neglected.
Online since: March 2007
Authors: Lawrence E. Eiselstein, D.M. Proctor, T.C. Flowers
Their data support the hypothesis that macrophage cells and
their RCS affect alloy corrosion and that changes in alloy corrosion by cells may be important in the
development of host responses to the alloy and its corrosion products.
This half-reaction has a lower potential (E = 0.359 V) than the reduction half-reaction in Eq. 2 (E = 0.76 V), indicating that oxygen (the oxidant) can theoretically oxidize solid Cr +3 (the reductant) via this mechanism.
Detoxification by relatively rapid reduction of Cr +6 to the trivalent state in most biological systems and conditions is believed to be the primary reason why Cr +6 does not pose a cancer hazard outside of the lung [33, 34].
This study [35] reported the reduction capacity of RBC is not overwhelmed at concentrations up to 15 ppm, and plasma reduction capacity ranges from 2 to 10 ppm.
Most data regarding the valence state of Cr released as a result of corrosion and wear of metallic implants alloyed with Cr is indirect (cell binding suggestive of Cr +6 release).
This half-reaction has a lower potential (E = 0.359 V) than the reduction half-reaction in Eq. 2 (E = 0.76 V), indicating that oxygen (the oxidant) can theoretically oxidize solid Cr +3 (the reductant) via this mechanism.
Detoxification by relatively rapid reduction of Cr +6 to the trivalent state in most biological systems and conditions is believed to be the primary reason why Cr +6 does not pose a cancer hazard outside of the lung [33, 34].
This study [35] reported the reduction capacity of RBC is not overwhelmed at concentrations up to 15 ppm, and plasma reduction capacity ranges from 2 to 10 ppm.
Most data regarding the valence state of Cr released as a result of corrosion and wear of metallic implants alloyed with Cr is indirect (cell binding suggestive of Cr +6 release).
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Sri Harjanto, Stefanno Widy Yunior, Siti Chodijah, Nasruddin Nasruddin
All examinations were conducted repeatedly to assure the reproducibility of the data.
The reduction of surface area between as received and pelletized samples achieves 68.5 %.
It is about 61% reduction of pore volume.
This microstructure support and confirm the previous data of the pore characteristics.
The percentage of reduction hydrogen adsorption capacity of pelletized sample is still very lower compared with the reduction of surface area and pore volume, which is 68.5% and 61%, respectively.
The reduction of surface area between as received and pelletized samples achieves 68.5 %.
It is about 61% reduction of pore volume.
This microstructure support and confirm the previous data of the pore characteristics.
The percentage of reduction hydrogen adsorption capacity of pelletized sample is still very lower compared with the reduction of surface area and pore volume, which is 68.5% and 61%, respectively.
Online since: April 2010
Authors: James D. Scofield, Anant K. Agarwal, Jim Richmond, Joseph Neil Merrett, Scott Leslie
SiC power module VTH data as a function of
temperature.
Data represents the average of 4 modules (5 parallel 20A or 2 parallel 80 A die).
On the other hand, the data shown is representative of the nominal VTH observed.
Fig. 4 shows the average measured switch forward voltage module (Vf) data for ID=100 A.
The data reflects a significant reduction in on-state 100 A conduction losses of 41% and 38% at 25 and 150°C, respectively.
Data represents the average of 4 modules (5 parallel 20A or 2 parallel 80 A die).
On the other hand, the data shown is representative of the nominal VTH observed.
Fig. 4 shows the average measured switch forward voltage module (Vf) data for ID=100 A.
The data reflects a significant reduction in on-state 100 A conduction losses of 41% and 38% at 25 and 150°C, respectively.
Online since: March 2009
Authors: Luca Settineri, Livan Fratini, D. Contorno, M.G. Faga, G. Gautier di Confiengo
The wear phenomena were evaluated in terms of pin area reduction.
Hardness is calculated from the load vs. displacement data obtained by nanoindentation (nanoindenter MTS mod.
In figures 9 and 10 the values of the inclination angle of the pin walls and area reduction are reported.
For the uncoated pin tools, two different stages can be observed: at the beginning the area reduction increases but the variation is small; in the second stage an increase of wear is noticed; in fact its value reaches the pin area reduction of the AlSiTiN tool.
Area reduction % 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 10 20 30 40 n. processing lines reduction % AlSiCrN hardned C40 AlSiTiN Fig. 10 Reduction of area of the tool pin.
Hardness is calculated from the load vs. displacement data obtained by nanoindentation (nanoindenter MTS mod.
In figures 9 and 10 the values of the inclination angle of the pin walls and area reduction are reported.
For the uncoated pin tools, two different stages can be observed: at the beginning the area reduction increases but the variation is small; in the second stage an increase of wear is noticed; in fact its value reaches the pin area reduction of the AlSiTiN tool.
Area reduction % 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 10 20 30 40 n. processing lines reduction % AlSiCrN hardned C40 AlSiTiN Fig. 10 Reduction of area of the tool pin.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Kai Li, Dong Juan Kang, Xiao Long Tang, Jin Hui Peng, Hong Hong Yi, Ping Ni, Zhi Qing Ye
The adsorption equilibrium data for NO and SO2 were fitted to Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) and Sips adsorption isotherm model.
The reduction of NO emission takes place conventionally through Selective catalytic reduction (SCR), Selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR), Catalytic decomposition, adsorption, etc.
Adsorption equilibrium data of NO and SO2 were obtained using a static volumetric method [6].
The adsorption data were fitted to Freundlich, D-R [7] and Sips [8] isotherm model, respectively.
In this paper the adsorption equilibrium data of NO and SO2 were fitted to Freundlich, D-R and Sips isotherm model.
The reduction of NO emission takes place conventionally through Selective catalytic reduction (SCR), Selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR), Catalytic decomposition, adsorption, etc.
Adsorption equilibrium data of NO and SO2 were obtained using a static volumetric method [6].
The adsorption data were fitted to Freundlich, D-R [7] and Sips [8] isotherm model, respectively.
In this paper the adsorption equilibrium data of NO and SO2 were fitted to Freundlich, D-R and Sips isotherm model.
Online since: April 2018
Authors: Marina Polyakova, Alexandr Gulin, Eduard Golubchik
Analysis of the data published in Russian and foreign papers showed that in spite of a large number of technical solutions developed by domestic and foreign specialists and in spite of the high efficiency of some of them, a number of scientific, technological and manufacturing problems have not been solved yet [1 – 5].
To carry out the research work, the values of reduction in dies were changed in accordance with Table 1.
Drawing parameters chosen for continuous method of combined wire deformation Regime Drawing sequence Reduction value in the first die, % Reduction value in the second die, % Total amount of reduction, % 1 3.05 → 2.75 → 2.64 18.70 7.84 25.08 2 3.05 → 2.71 → 2.45 21.05 18.27 35.47 Rolls 90 mm and 60 mm in diameter were manufactured.
The process parameters of the developed method are: the value of reduction in the dies, number of turns during torsion, diameter of rolls and the distance between the rolls.
The obtained data prove that the changes in the modes of combined deformation processing of carbon steel wire of the same chemical composition can result in obtaining different combinations of strength and plastic properties.
To carry out the research work, the values of reduction in dies were changed in accordance with Table 1.
Drawing parameters chosen for continuous method of combined wire deformation Regime Drawing sequence Reduction value in the first die, % Reduction value in the second die, % Total amount of reduction, % 1 3.05 → 2.75 → 2.64 18.70 7.84 25.08 2 3.05 → 2.71 → 2.45 21.05 18.27 35.47 Rolls 90 mm and 60 mm in diameter were manufactured.
The process parameters of the developed method are: the value of reduction in the dies, number of turns during torsion, diameter of rolls and the distance between the rolls.
The obtained data prove that the changes in the modes of combined deformation processing of carbon steel wire of the same chemical composition can result in obtaining different combinations of strength and plastic properties.