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The key to the patent was addition of a small amount of bismuth oxide which resulted in very attractive slag detachment.
However, the first constitution diagrams, beginning with that developed by Strauss and Maurer [2] in 1920, were developed for wrought materials, not weld metals.
Schaeffler [5] in 1947 developed the first constitution diagram for weld metal based on the modified Strauss and Maurer Diagram for wrought materials and the chromium and nickel equivalents that had evolved to date.
This was an important contribution providing guidance to the welding engineer in filler metal selection for a host of dissimilar metal joints.
The History of Stainless Steel, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, USA

Research on Stress Migration and Evolution Law of Coal in Driving Face and Generation Mechanism of Acoustic Emission Huiming Yang 1, 2, a 1College of Resource and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao Shandong 266590, China 2National Key Laboratory of Gas Disaster Detecting, Preventing and Emergency Controlling, Chongqing 400037, China ayhm3380@163.com Keywords: Stress Migration, Stress Evolution, FLAC, Roadway Excavation, Acoustic Emission.
Introduction Dynamic phenomenon, such as rock burst, coal and gas outburst, coal bump, usually happen in underground geotechnical engineering.
That is, as the strain increases, the cohesion and friction angle of the material gradually reduce.
Journal of Coal Science & Engineering, Vol.15(2009), p.237-242
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, Vol. 25 (2006), p. 1343-1351

Amplification Effect of Near-Fault Vertical Ground Motions on Horizontal Deformation Response of structures Yin Jiang1, a, Zhou Xian-yan1,b, Yin Jian1,c 1 College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Central South Universityof Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China ayinjiang2001@yahoo.com.cn, b zxy560805@163.com, ccsuyj700930@163.com Keywords: Near-fault; Vertical effect; Deformation Response Near-fault.
Xiao-wang, et al.: Aseismic Engineering, (China Architecture & Building Press, Beijing 2000)
Journal of structural engineering, Vol. 114, No. 8 (1988), p. 1104-1127 [5] J.
Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 32, No. 15, (2003) , p. 2425-2450 [7] S.
Journal of Bridge Engineering, Vol. 13, No. 3 (2003), p. 283-290

The Design of Insulator Leakage Current Monitoring Device Based on MSP430 Microcontroller Dan Zhong1, a , JianXun Hu2,b, WenFang Ding1,c, Hui Chen1,d 1School of electrical and electronic engineering, Hubei university of technology, Wuhan 430074 China 2School of electrical engineering, Wuhan university, Wuhan 430074 China apopzhongdan@163.com, bjjknightcn@163.com, cwenfangding@163.com donly4ray2002@hotmail.com Keywords: MSP430, microcontroller; insulator leakage current; line monitoring.
The leakage current and the size of insulator pollution flashover is closely relative to the development of its size, and soluble salt composition and content, not soluble salt content, the distribution on the device surface, pollution water or damp degree, equipment dimensions and material types, applied voltage and polarity factors closely related to.
The Selection of the MSP430 Microcontroller As the transmission line insulator on-line monitoring device to be installed on the line long near the equipment, so its reliability, power device design have become the key problems to be solved.
References [1] ZHANG Jianxing, LU Fangcheng, LIU YunpengTAN Lei, ZHAO Yaping．Relationships Among Leakage Current of Insulators on HV Lines, Temperature and Humility Based on the Grey Relational Analysis[J]．High Voltage Engineering．2006，32（1）：40-41，73 [2] LI Zunda.
Research on Leakage Current and Discharge Phenomena of Insulators [J]．High Voltage Engineering．2002，28（120）：1-2，14 [6] HE Bo, LIN Hui．Statistics Characteristics of Leakage Current on Artificial Contamination Test of Insulator [J]．High Voltage Engineering．2006，32（8）：4-6 [7] ZHANG Yaping, WU Jizhong．The LJC Type Device for Monitoring Alarming Transmission Line Insulator Contamination [J]．High Voltage Engineering．2000，26（6）：26-27 [8] T.

Cheng4,d 1 School of Defense Science Studies, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University , Taiwan, R.O.C 2 Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan, R.O.C 3 Department of Power Vehicle and System Engineering, Chung Cheng Institute of technology, National Defense University, Taiwan, R.O.C 4 Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, Army Academy, Taiwan, R.O.C a valky_liu@hotmail.com.tw, b jmmiao@mail.npust.edu.tw, c tlliu@ndu.edu.tw, dcheng5721@gmail.com Keywords: Active micro-mixer, CFD, Mixing efficiency, Mixing mechanism, Wankle-type rotor.
In key material of biotechnology, the characteristics of a micro-mixer include small in size, less samplings required, fast reaction time, reduced experimental errors caused by manual operation, increased overall system stability, reduced sample consumption and shortened testing time.
With the increased demand for shorten reaction time in chemical micro-plant engineering technology over recent years, the requirements for micro-mixers’ minimization and less sample volume have now become more pressing.
Wang: Design and evaluation of an easily fabricated micromixer with three-dimensional periodic perturbation, Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 171, Issue 1, pp. 291-300, 2011
Woias: Numerical and experimental investigations on liquid mixing in static micromixers, Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 101, pp.315–322, 2004.

.* 1College of food science, Beijing University of Agricultrue, Beijing, China 2China forestry publishing house; Beijing, China 3College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China *For correspondence (Phone +86-10-62737538; Fax +86-10-62736479; e-mail: cauzbz@yahoo.cn) &These authors contributed equally to this work Keywords: Tomato; ethylene; fatty acid; aroma volatiles Abstract.
ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) synthase is the key enzyme responsible for ethylene biosynthesis.
II.Materials and Methods 2.1.
The discs were rinsed with sterile water to remove the intercellular material and incubated in sterilized flasks containing 6 mL of sodium phosphate (0.3 M, pH 5.8) buffer.
So they proposed that ADH was not the key enzyme in flavor biosynthesis.

References [1] Jialu Du, Chen Guo, Adaptive Autopilot Design of Time-Varying Uncertain Ships With Completely Unknown Control Coefficient, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 32(2) ( 2007) 346- 352
[4] Zhang Huo-Ming, Sun, Zhi-Lin,Gao, Ming-ZhengApplication of the improved BP neural network in ship and ocean engineering, , Journal of Ship Mechanics 14( 6) (2010) 619-632
[9]Yang, Song-Lin, Yang, Zhao-Long; Ma, Lian-Xiang; Zhang, Hong-Qin,The FUZZY-D-P-GA of navigation performance and structure characteristic of ships, Key Engineering Materials 419(2010) 185-188
[14] Cai Wen, Yang Chunyan, New Development of the Basic Theory of Extension, Engineering Science5 (2)(2003)80-87
[17] Van Amerongen,adaptive steering of ships,Control Engineering(1982)7-15

Materials and Methods 2.1 Study area The study area is located in Guanling and Libo counties of Guizhou.
The main parent materials are dolomite limestone, limy dolomite, marl stone and dolomite.
The parent materials are pure limestone and dolomite.
This result showed factors associated with the reducing of total K include fertilization, soil, parent materials and soil organic matter.
Ecolo.Engineering. 20: 223--235

With this 60-year long dataset they also detected a long-term trend of growth of Significant Wave Height along time and created Self Organized Maps (Camus et al. [5]) for key spots along the South and Central American coastline.
Materials and Methods This study addresses the application of the third generation wave model TOMAWAC (TELEMAC-Based Operational Model Addressing Wave Action Computation) to simulate the sea state over the SSBS (Fig. 1) over a period of 18 years, between 1997 and 2014, and the compression of the results to a single year in order to make it representative of the mean behavior of the waves at this location.
Allied to the analysis of the time averaged values, three key locations were selected for evaluation based on the results of the energetic power assessment of wind driven waves performed by Oleinik et al. [8].
Losada, A Global Ocean Wave (GOW) calibrated reanalysis from 1948 onwards, Coastal Engineering, 65 (2012) 38–55
Dalrymple, Water Wave Mechanics for Engineers & Scientists, World Scientific, 1991

Chu 2,f 1 Department of Resources Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan 2 Metal Industries Research and Development Centre, Taiwan 3 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan a uf571123@ms5.hinet.net, bleech@mail.ncku.edu.tw, csmchiu@mail.mirdc.org.tw, d Gene.Sung@advantech.com.tw, em580596@mail.mirdc.org.tw, fchuhose@mail.mirdc.org.tw Keywords: sputtering, anti-sticking, electrosurgical electrode, surface energy Abstract.
Several different non-stick coatings had been used on electrosurgical electrodes, including fluorinated hydrocarbon materials, polytetrafluoroethylene, flexible silicone elastomers and paralyene silane polymers coatings.
All these three PVD coatings are expected to have outstanding anti-wear property compared to other anti-sticking coatings like Teflon or silicone polymer materials.
Agathopoulos: Key Engineering Materials Vol. 224-226 (2006), p. 417
Electronic Materials Vol. 34 (2005), p. 1533