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They are subjected to the loads of upper refractory materials at high temperature.
It is well known that the raw materials of fireclay bricks are mainly composed of kaolinite and muscovite.
Acknowledgments This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No.51172221, Major Program of Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development of China (No.2011YQ140145), Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (No.2102047), and Science Foundation for Young Scholars of China Building Materials Academy under grant No.YD-386.
Erdogmus, et al, Characteristics of fired clay bricks with waste marble powder addition as building materials, Construction and Building Materials 82(2015)1-8
Cambier, et al, Contribution to the understanding of the high temperature behavior and of the compressive creep behavior of silica refractory materials, Journal of the European Ceramic Society 35(2015)813-822

Ishida, Formation of stainless steel layer on mild steel by welding arc cladding, Journal of materials science, 26(23) (1991) 6431-6435
Baker, Overlapping tracks processed by TIG melting TiC preplaced powder on low alloy steel surfaces, Materials Science and Technology, 31.3 (2015) 337-343
Baker, Microstructural aspects of wear behaviour of TiC coated low alloy steel, Materials Science and Technology, 32.4 (2016) 303-307
Kumar, Surface modification of AISI 4340 steel by multi-pass TIG arcing process, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 249 (2017) 394-406
Masanta, NiTi coating on Ti-6Al-4V alloy by TIG cladding process for improvement of wear resistance, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 262 (2018) 551-561

As one kind of biomass materials, sludge anaerobic digestion produces biogas and reduces the amount of organic matter.
Materials and Methods Sludge sample:The sewage sludge used was collected from the Wastewater Treatment Plant of Hanxi, Wuhan city and stored at 4℃ before use.
Science and Technology. 1997:36(6-7) 357-365
Chemical Engineering Journal. 2007:133(1-3): 335-342
Journal of Hazard Materials. 2007: 146(3): 577-581

Orthotropic Material.
Although most investigations deal with the analysis of elastic isotropic shells in contact with internal and external quiescent or flowing fluid, several modern and natural materials display orthotropic properties and also stiffened cylindrical shells can be treated as equivalent uniform orthotropic shells.
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 display the comparison of resonance curves for an empty shell and a fluid-filled shell (Ub = 0) for geometric relations L/R = 1.75, R/h = 800, amplitude of lateral pressure parameter L1 = 10% L0 cr and considering the five orthotropic materials.
Païdoussis, Non-linear vibrations and instabilities of orthotropic cylindrical shells with internal flowing fluid, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. 52 (2010) 1437-1457
Part I: Stability, Journal of Sound and Vibration. 225 (1999) 655-699

Due to the above mentioned merits, the PLA materials have been widely used in food packaging field, nonwovens applications and consumer packaged goods as the most promising new materials [11-12].
Therefore study of modified PLA to improve the stability of the materials become more active by researchers [14-15].
Material and methods Materials.
Niu: Journal of Functional Materials Vol. 39 (2008), p. 123-126 [3] M.G.
Cao: Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences Vol. 31 (2010), p. 17384-17386 [15] G.D.

., UJV Group, Husinec-Rez, Czech Republic 2Institute of Physics of Materials, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic aanna.hojna@cvrez.cz, b hadraba@ipm.cz Keywords: nanostructured materials, ferritic-martensitic steel, microanalysis, environmental effects.
Experimental Materials.
Auger et al., Journal of Nuclear Materials 415 (2011), pp. 293 – 301
Klecka, Journal of Nuclear Materials 472 (2016), pp. 163-170
Gong et al., Corrosion Science 102 (2016) 137–152.

In this thesis, stable nano-MgO particles were prepared by precipitation process, using analytical pure MgCl2·6H2O and NH3·H2O as the raw materials, which MgCl2 as the source of magnesium and NH3·H2O as the precipitating agent.
Nano-MgO is a very prosperous multi-functional inorganic material extensively used in high -quality ceramics, electric insulating materials, cosmetics, paint, rubber filler, acid gas adsorbent and catalytic carrier because of the volume effect, the quantum size effect, the surface effect and the macroscopic quantum tunnel effect peculiar to nano-materials.
Reference [1] Q.Y.Ding,H.Yang,Y.Z.Zhang: Journal of Silk.(2008), p.23-25
[2]X.P.Lu,J.L.Shao: Journal of Tianjin University of Science ＆Technology.Vol.21(2006),p.1-8
[3]X.F.Li,J.J.Wang,C.Q.Guo,Y.X.Shi: Shanghai Textile Science Technology.Vol.40(2012),p.24-27 [4]Y.Q.Xu, S.K.Zhu:Journal of Donghua University(Natural Science Edition).Vol.40(2012),p.24-27 [5]H.Liu,Y.F.Feng: Journal of Zhejiang College of Engineering.Vol.18 (2001),p.191-196

The effects of the neutral salt solution during the process mostly consist of thermal chemical reaction and continuing cooling effect of materials.
For metallic materials, the material removal mechanism of laser drilling is mostly thermal [1].
In SALD, there is an thermal chemical action between the fluid salt solution and materials to remove the recast layer.
Materials are removed mainly by laser during SALD, and the thermal chemical reaction is just an auxiliary effect to reduce the recast layer.
Yilbas: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol.70(1997), pp.264-273

Monolithic materials could be extruded successfully only with the plasticity ranging from 0.177 to 0.473.
The mechanical strength of the extruded materials wasevaluated with a DLⅡintelligent strengthdeterminator.
The optimum proportion of the raw materials through orthogonal experiment is 75% zeolite powder, 25% SB powder, 8%nitrate and 60% water(mass ratio of raw materials and dry powder).
[2] QShen, L.D Li, J.J Li, H Tian and Z.P Hao, A study on N2O catalytic decomposition over Co/MgO catalysts, Journal of Hazardous Materials. 163 (2009), p.1332-1337
Ryan, Properties of Ceramic Raw Materials, 2nd ed., Pergamon.1978.

Experimental Study on Impact Damage in CFRPs Taikun Wang1, a, Junmin Du2,b and Juanjuan Sun3,c 1The 713 Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation Zhengzhou 450015,Henan,China 2The 713 Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation Zhengzhou 450015,Henan,China 3School of Transportation Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191,China ataikunw@sina.com, bdujunmin713@163.com, csjuan1988@163.com Keywords: composite materials, pendulum test, impact damage, three-point bending, residual bending stiffness Abstract.
But the repeated low-energy impact, or impact fatigue, for composite materials components, have not draw attention.
The traditional assumption on perfect materials is not suitable for structures with initial defect or micro-scale cracks.
Journal of Composite Materials, 1987, 21(9): 809- 833
International Journal of Fatigue, 2001, 23(10):877-885.