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Both can be used for material characterization due to their dependence on molecular structure of the material.
“Dielectric spectroscopy”, in Characterization of Composite Materials, Chapter, H.Ishida, Ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston
“Frequency Domain Complex Permittivity Measuring at Microwave Frequencies”, Measurement Science and Technology.
An Analytical Laboratory experiment” Journal of Chemical Education.
“A comparative Study of Four Open-Ended Coaxial Probe Models for Permittivity Measurements of Lossy Dielectric/Biological Materials at Microwave Frequencies” IEEE Transaction on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

Among them, VOx and α-Si are most widely used materials due to their high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and low temperature process.
A comparison of some materials is listed in table 1.
Thermal conductivity of some materials Materials Si SiO2 SiN α-Si Al PI Thermal conductivity (Wm-1K -1) 149 12 35 133 237 0.4 References [6] [6] [7] [7] [6] [7] Fabrication process The process steps of the uncooled IR α-Si detector are shown in Fig. 1.
Duan: IEEE Sensors Journal Vol. 7 (2007), p. 1703 [2] B.
Yi: Smart Materials and Structures Vol. 16 (2007), p. 696 [4] S.

Saiful Nizwan1 1Center of Excellence Geopolymer & Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Jejawi, Perlis, Malaysia 2 Applied Chemistry Division, Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia 3School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Jejawi, Perlis, Malaysia 1ahmadazrem@unimap.edu.my Keywords: virgin CR, recycled CR, SBR, physical properties, scanning electron microscopy Abstract.
Experimental Materials.
The materials and their characteristics used in this study were illustrated in Table 1.
Table 1 : The characteristics of the materials Materials Description Source Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) 1502 Bayer (M) Ltd Virgin chloroprene rubber (CRv) Tosoh Asia Pte.
The incorporation of CRv and CRr into the rubber matrix increased the stiffness of the vulcanizates because tensile modulus represents the materials stiffness.

Material and methods Materials and reagents Bacterial Strains : 8 stains of LAB isolated from different aquatic product in our laboratories, which were Lactobacillus acidophilus(La), Lactobacillus brevis(Lb), Lactobacillus casei(Lc), Lactobacillus rhamnosus(Lr),Lactobacillus plantarum(Lp), Pediococcus pentosaceus(Pp), Leuconostoc mesenteroides(Lm1 and Lm2).The MRS broth was brought from Huankai Co.
LWT-Food Science and Technology Vol.40(2007), p.955-962
African Journal of Microbiology Research Vol.34(2012), p.6358-6364 [7] Raffaella,Rosalinda Fortunata and Minervini Giovanna.
[9] LUO Yangchao, CHEN Gang and LI Bo.Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies Vol.10,p.215-221
[11] Liu Y, Guo Y X and Pan D D.Food Science Vol.33,p. 25-29.

Similarly hard to expect the machine automatically make the statement about available materials or gather information on the types of treatment.
Kusiak, Case-based reasoning approach to control of industrial processes, Computer Methods in Materials Science, vol. 12 no. 4, pp. 250–258, 2012 [2] G. 
Gurda, System of semantic integration of non-structuralized documents in natural language in the domain of metallurgy, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences.
Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, vol. 58 iss. 3, pp. 927–930, 2013 [6] F. 
Kluska-Nawarecka, Document driven ontological engineering with applications in casting defects diagnostic, Computer Methods in Materials Science, vol. 04, no. 1-2, pp. 56–64, 2004 [9] M.

Experimental Procedure Material.
Zhou, Preparation and characterization of TiO2 thin films by the sol-gel process, J. of Materials Science. 36 (2001) 5923-5926
Yang, Preparation and microstructure of Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2 coating on three-dimensional braided carbon fiber by sol-gel technology, Materials and Design. 89 (2016) 928-932
Trapalis, Sol-gel processing of titanium-containing thin coatings, J. of Materials Science. 28 (1993) 2353-2360
Gulyaev, Preparation of carbon fiber for the application of interphase coating for composite materials with a ceramic matrix, Proceedings of VIAM. 10 (2017) 79-89

Among various candidate materials, α-Fe2O3 whose bandgap is approximately 2.2 eV has been considered as a potential candidate due to its low cost, chemical stability, widespread availability, and high absorbance (about 40% of the visible solar spectra).
Fe2O3 photo-electrode is a solar energy conversion material [5].
The crystalline phases present in the materials calcined at various temperatures were identified by XRD using a Powder X-Ray Diffractometer (Rigaku, Japan) with Cu Kα radiation.
Between them we design a sample cell with quartz materials that had a little absorption in visible wavelength.
Photoelectrochemistry of in Aqueous Solutions, Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 134(1987)76-80

For materials with lower coercivity as Alnico, the demagnetizing field needs to be small, resulting in the choice of a cylinder with large length L, according Eq. (4).
Kovalev: Journal of Surface Investigation.
Castro: Materials Science Forum Vol. 802 (2014), p. 601
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 242–245 (2002) 1270–1276
Materials Science Forum Vol. 802 (2014) pp 596-600

Organic fertilisers are normally produced from agriculture waste, plant or animal-based materials like manures, plant stalks, hulls, leaves, and composted materials [1].
The organic fertilisers’ nutrient content varies widely among source materials, it is easily to decompose into soil and avoid pollution to the environment.
Chinensis) in a hydroponic system,” PLoS One, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 1–15, 2018, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202090
Adeyeye, “THE GROWTH , YIELD AND SEED QUALITY OF SOLANUM MACROCARPON AS JOURNAL OF ADVANCED STUDIES IN AGRICULTURAL, Dr .
D ., Head-Department of Basic Sciences,” J.

(Lextss).and.drain(Lextdd) 40nm The source and drain regions have low k dielectric oxide (SiO2) material whereas high k oxide (HfO2) material is incorporated over channel region.
Gate all Around (GAA) Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (TFET) Biosensor”, IOP: Materials Science and Engineering (ICMSMT2021),Coimbatore April 2021
GAA TFET with Elevated Density Strip”, IOP:Materials Science and Engineering (ICMSMT 2021), Coimbatore,April 2021, [7] Tiwari Sanjana, Arya Dutt, Mayuresh Joshi, Prakhar Nigam, Ribu Mathew, and Ankur Beohar.
Journal of Computational Electronics 20, no. 5 (2021): 1702-1710 [8] A.
Underlap GAA-TFET based on a Ge-Source using fringing field engineering for low power applications”, Journal of Computational Electronics, Springer, Volume-17, Dec-2018