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Introduction In fossil boilers of sub-critical power plants, the most extensively used materials are ferritic steels such as T11 (1.25Cr-0.5Mo-0.75Si) and T22 grades (2.25Cr-1Mo) [1].
These materials are operated for long time periods in temperature regimes of 500-550oC.
Hence, damage mechanisms at high temperatures such as creep, fireside corrosion, thermal fatigue, steamside oxidation [3] play an important role for the degradation of life of these materials.
Experimentation The T11 and T22 materials for the investigations were taken from Platen Super Heater (PSH) outlet tubes of two different power plants operated for 187,639 hours at 516oC and 153,766 hours at 530oC respectively.
Nagamanickam and Kulvir Singh, Steam side oxidation scale growth studies on T11 and T22 service exposed boiler tubes in sub critical power plants, submitted to CORCON 2011 International Conference and Expo, Mumbai, India, 2011 [5] Steven C.Kung, Online measurements of gaseous species in a pilot-scale combustion facility for fireside corrosion study, EPRI 6th International Conference on Advances in materials for Fossil Power Plants, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 2010 [6] Per Kofstad, High Temperature Corrosion, first edition, Elsevier Applied Science, London, 1988 [7] A.Hernas, M.Imosa, B.Formanek and J.Cizner, High-temperature chlorine-sulfur corrosion of heat-resisting steels, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 157-158 (2004) 348-353 [8] K S N Vikrant, A H V Pavan, Somnath Nandi, Kulvir Singh, Fireside corrosion studies on T11 and T22 boiler tubes operated in coal fired power plants, Technical session VIII, Proceedings of ATCOM 11 International Conference, Ranchi, India, 2011 [9]

Introduction A significant increase of smart materials applications in modern technical devices has been noted in recent years.
Piezoelectric materials that are successfully used as components in machine building can be included in this group.
Applications growth of piezoelectric transducers is parallel to the process of piezoelectric materials development.
Using such kind of innovative solutions it is possible to use piezoelectric materials in new, designed technical devices.
The development of transducers allows new applications of piezoelectric materials and improves operation of existing devices.

However, to obtain the good surface quality, the machining efficiency is low when the hard and brittle materials are machined.
The results indicate that the machined surface quality of hard and brittle materials can be improved and the machined surface roughness can be decreased in TUAG.
Acknowledgements The work of this paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50575127) and 863 key program (2009AA044204).
Journal of Material Processing Technology, Vol. 123(1), (2002), p. 54-60 [2] J.F.
Key Engineering Materials, Vol. (304-305), (2006), p. 171-175 [5] H.L.

Electroless Deposition of Silver Nanoparticles and Nanowires in Ethylene Glycol Nathaniel De Guzmana, Aurelia Mechilinab, Mary Donnabelle Balelac Sustainable Electronic Materials Group, Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101 antdeguzman15@gmail.com, baurelia.mechilina@gmail.com, cmdlbalela@gmail.com Keywords: Polyol method.
Thus, researchers are now focused on finding alternative materials to replace ITO.
Candidate materials include graphene, carbon nanotubes, conductive polymers, and metal nanowires.
Wiley: The growth mechanism of copper nanowires and their properties in flexible, transparent conducting films., Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), vol. 22, no. 32, (2010), p. 3558–63,
Gao: Silver nanowires: from scalable synthesis to recyclable foldable electronics, Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), vol. 23, no. 27, (2011), p. 3052–6

Gibril, Yue Zhang, Keqing Han 1State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China azx0710230228@163.com, b610472607@qq.com, cyumuhuo@dhu.edu.cn b Keywords: Cellulose; PLLA; Grafting; Reactive extrusion; Ring opening polymerization Abstract.
Experimental Materials.
All materials were dried before being used.
Finally the materials was washed by water and filtered then dried at 70℃ for 24 hours in vacuum oven.
Journal of Food Engineering 2009;91(3): 380-386.

Boron-doped nanocrystalline silicon thin films prepared by PECVD Xiu-Qin Wang, Jian-ning Ding*, Ning-Yi Yuan*, Shu-Bo Wang Center for low-dimensional materials, micro-nano devices and system, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Solar Cell Materials and Technology, Changzhou 213164, China Email: nyyuan@cczu.edu.cn Keywords: PECVD, boron-doped, nanocrystalline silicon, crystalline fraction, conductivity.
Several techniques such as plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), evaporation, reactive evaporation, sputtering, laser ablation, and size selected cluster depositon have been used to deposit nanocrystalline materials of interest.
However, PECVD technique has the advantage that not only it provides the possibility to tailor-made the properties of the nanocrystalline materials but also offers the opportunity to encapsulate the nanostructured objects in the matrix of the desired materials[4].
Schropp: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 53 (1998), p. 189
[7] Yang Shi-E , Wen Li-Wei , Chen Yong-Sheng: ACTA PHYSICA SINICA, Vol. 57 (2008), p.5176 [8] Michio Kondo, Makoto Fukawa, Lihui Guo, Akihisa Matsuda : Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 266-269(2009), p.84 [9]Winer.

Transition metal sulfides [7-10] are a kind of materials with great technology-importance.
It can be used as toner of glasses and also is one of the most common cathode materials.
Yamamoto: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 65 (2001) 79
Seki et al.: Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells. 75 (2003) 451
Jian: Journal of Crystal Growth 4 (2004) 266

Due to a mixed nature of interatomic bonds, they belong to a group of materials located somewhere between metals and ceramics, in terms of their properties.
These materials are characterized, inter alia, by capacity for operating at elevated temperatures, as well as good strength-related properties and resistance to oxidation and corrosion at elevated temperature.
In order to explain the changes in the values of linear thermal expansion coefficient of the examined materials, X-ray studies have been carried out to identify phase composition and to determine the unit cell parameter.
Hamana: Journal of Materials Science Vol. 39 (2004), p. 1207-1212
Hanc: Archives of Materials Science and Engineering Vol. 29 (2008), p. 16-19

The use of industrial waste and local raw materials to create composite materials will reduce the cost and improve their properties.
Elimination of the gypsum materials disadvantages is possible by creating composites using industrial waste, local raw materials and fiber reinforcement.
[3] Journal of Materials Science Letters, 6 (5) (1987) 562–564
Technical science.
Akhmatov, Effectiveness of using local building materials and concrete, Nalchik, Elbrus, 1986

Introduction Energy is a significant material infrastructure on which the human society depends for existence and development.
Journal of Natural Resources, 2011, 26(6): 964-970
Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Social Science), 2010, 26(2): 7-11
Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology (Social Sciences), 2011, 5(3): 19-21, 35
Research of Environmental Sciences, 2010, 23(11): 1361-1367