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Nanotechnology has revolutionized the world with tremendous advancements in many fields of science like engineering, biotechnology, analytical chemistry, and agriculture [6].
Their characteristics are similar to their parent materials since they are recently developed.
It cannot go finer than this size, due to the hardness of some materials in the volcanic ash.
Application of volcanic ash results in breakdown of easily weatherable silicate minerals present in pyroclastic materials like volcanic ash [15].
[11] Soil Survey Staff, Keys to Soil Taxonomy 12th ed, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

Rezaur Rahman1,e 1Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Jalan Datuk Mohammad Musa, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia. 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malla Reddy College of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad, India asalamsamkhan@gmail.com, baasaleh@unimas.my, ckucaigila@yahoo.com, danr@mrcet.ac.in, ermrezaur@unimas.my Keywords: Biodiesel, Crude Coconut Oil, Transesterification, Diesel Engine.
The key reaction parameters include oil to methanol volume ratio and catalyst concentration were studied in order to optimize the conversion of COCO into CB.
Methodology Materials.
Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Faculty of Engineering, UNIMAS, and all the staff members for providing research facilities and continuous support during this work.
Fazal, A.S.M.A Haseeb, H.H.Masjuki, Biodiesel Feasibility Study: An Evaluation of Material Compatibility; Performance; Emission and Engine Durability.

Siphoning has long been recognised as the most loss efficient method of metal transfer and now with the availability of fully engineered, automated systems which are safe and reliable in addition to reducing melt loss by 75%; this method is set to become the industry standard.
The net loss of aluminium in this conversion is counted as an energy loss (as well as a material loss, due to its irreversible nature) by accounting for the cumulative energy consumed in producing the aluminium from bauxite.
The success of this system encouraged the installation of a system which married the Comalco developed siphon automation to a specially engineered pipe handling system designed by Major Furnace Australia for the third potline expansion at the Boyne Smelter, Queensland.
(CRUCIBLE WEI POIN SIPHO PIP META FLOW (CRUCIBLE WEI POIN SIPHO PIP META FLOW SUCTIO (HOLDING The key functional parts of the system are: the siphon pipe handling & pre-heating system; the siphon vacuum control system; the operator interface; pipe transport and maintenance equipment and the furnace interlocks.
It is clear from the data presented that filling a holding furnace with molten aluminium is no longer the 'tall poppy' of energy wastage when siphoning is employed and now with the availability of fully engineered, automated systems, this method is set to become the industry standard.

The converters in the world are not identical, so it’s not necessary to concern all the materials for the heat balance.
International Conference on Materials for Renewable Energy & Environment Proceedings.
Advanced Materials Research (2011), p. 2648-2653
Advanced Materials Research (2011), p. 2644-2647
Advanced Materials Research (2012), p. 3836-3839 [14] Hong Li.

It has the advantages of clear force transmission, good integration, flexibility of space separation, as well as reducing of the quantity of material used, full use of the function of the material and structure, and lowering the project cost.
One of the key methods to improve the seismic performance of the frame is to ensure the frame maintaining reasonable plastic energy distribution mechanism under middle and strong earthquakes.
The characteristic parameter of restoring force model is average value of the material strength, which can reflect the real structure condition in practice.
[6] Yang Fu, Li Yingming, Lai Ming, A new method for selecting inputting waves for time-history analysis, China civil engineering journal, 2000, 33(6) , p.33-37
[7] Yang Hong, Wang Zhen, Wei Feng, et al., Effect of amplification of moments at the bottom section of columns on seismic behavior of RC frames, World earthquake engineering, 2002, 18(4), p.66-72.

Effect of Heat Treatments on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nitinol Prototype Stents Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Maria Beatrice Abrami1,a*, Marialaura Tocci1,b, Karthikeyan Tamilselvam2,c, Dermot Brabazon2,d, Annalisa Pola1,e 1Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy 2I-Form, Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Ireland am.abrami003@unibs.it, bmarialaura.tocci@unibs.it, ckarthikeyan.tamilselvam@dcu.ie, ddermot.brabazon@dcu.ie, eannalisa.pola@unibs.it Keywords: Nitinol, self-expandable stent, laser powder bed fusion, heat treatment, compression test Abstract.
Materials and Methods NiTi stent prototypes were manufactured through L-PBF using Aconity MINI (Aconity 3D GmbH), starting from Ni50.54Ti49.46 (at%) gas-atomized powder (Ingplus GmbH) with PSD ranging from 10 to 70 µm.
Because CR was found to be directly correlated with radial resistive force (RRF) [24], which is another key property indicator for stents measured during radial compression tests, the same overall results are reasonably expected also for the radial compression behavior of samples.
Wayman (Eds.), Engineering Aspects of Shape Memory Alloys, Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd, 1990, pp. 3-20 [2] K.
Popovich, A review of NiTi shape memory alloy as a smart material produced by additive manufacturing, Mater.

Introduction Metallic glasses (MGs) appeared four decades ago as a class of new materials [1].
It was soon recognized that these materials were interesting not only from the scientific viewpoint but also attractive in the engineering aspect.
The discovery of the so-called bulk metallic glasses in the past decade [2, 3] has rekindled attention to these materials.
In other words, IF in these materials is amplitude independent [70].
Respectively, the maximal thickness of these materials can be as much as several centimetres [3].

Materials and Method Experiments were carried out in Soil and Water Conservation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Rainfall Runoff Regulating Field Monitoring Station in Linghou,Wuquan Town, Yangling District, Shaanxi Province from May,2009 to July,2009.
Slope gradient are four grades of 5°,10°,15°and 20°.These four slope gradients are all the key points of slope classification in Loess Plateau.
References [1] Shumei Ren, Zhongyuan Zhu: Engineering Hydrology.
Journal of hydraulic engineering.(1999),p.65～70 (In Chinese) [14] Xiaodong Duan, Cunrui Wang, Xiangdong Liu.2007.
Computer Engineering Vol.36(2010),p.189～191 (In Chinese) [16] Feng Xu, Qiangguo Cai, Shu-an Wu.

DESIGN PARAMETERS OPTIMIZATION AND THEORETICAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF LINEAR FRESNEL REFLECTOR SOLAR CONCENTRATOR WITH MULTI TUBE ABSORBER R.Manikumar1,a * and A.Valan Arasu2,b 1Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Virudhunagar – 626001,Tamil Nadu, India 2BOYSCAST Fellow,Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai – 625015, Tamil Nadu, India.
The amount of power delivered by the reflector to absorber (tubular) plays a key role in solar thermal energy systems [8].
LFRSC has several advantages, (i) it is useful for medium-temperature (70 - 200oC) range applications (ii) it is fabricated with narrow flat reflectors and constituent materials for its fabrication as well as replacement which are readily available in the market; (iii) the planar configuration and the air gap between the adjacent reflectors result in very small wind loading on the concentrator.
The maximum allowable material stress, (AS) is 68MPa for 320 Grades steel.
Beckman, Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, John Wiley, New York, 1980

Optimization of Solid State Fermentation Media for Soluble Dietary Fiber Production by Hericium erinaceus Xiaohong Yu1,2,a, Zhenxin Gu1,b,*, Kang Tu 1, Rong Shao2, Xinjiang Jin1 1 College of Food Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,People’s Republic of China 2 College of Chemistery and Biological Engineering,Yan Cheng Institue of Technology,yancheng 224003, People’s Republic of China ayxh1127@163.com bguzx@njau.edu.cn Keywords: Soluble dietary fiber; Solid state fermentation; Artificial neural networks; Genetic algorithms; Optimization Abstract: In this paper, the optimum media supplemented to the basic substrate wheat bran (WB) for getting maximum soluble dietary fiber (SDF) production under solid state fermentation (SSF) by Hericium erinaceus was investigated.
Introduction Dietary fiber is plant-derived material that is resistant to digestion by human alimentary enzymes.
The advantages of GA over conventional optimization techniques are that they are appropriate for the ill-behaved problem, highly non-linear spaces for global optima, and this makes the GA an ideal technique to solve diverse optimization problems in biochemical engineering (Cheema et al., 2002; Fang et al., 2003).
Materials and methods 2.1.
Materials H. erinaceus strain was procured from the Institute of Edible Fungus in Academy of Agricultural Science of Jiangsu Province in China.