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Online since: February 2019
Authors: Leonid A. Smirnov, Anatolij A. Babenko, Alena G. Upolovnikova
One of the ways to solve boron microalloying problem with minimal costs can be direct microalloying by reduction of boron from the oxide system [17-18].
These data are the basis for the technology of formation basic boron slag in ladle-furnace with low viscosity, retaining high refining properties and providing direct microalloying steel by boron.
More efficient course of boron reduction process is observed.
In this case, it is shown reduction of lime consumption by 477 kg per one melting and reduction of processing time in ladle furnace by 44 minutes.
Table 3 shows the experimental data, which characterize the influence of the manganese concentration in steel microalloyed by boron on the mechanical properties of rolled metal.
These data are the basis for the technology of formation basic boron slag in ladle-furnace with low viscosity, retaining high refining properties and providing direct microalloying steel by boron.
More efficient course of boron reduction process is observed.
In this case, it is shown reduction of lime consumption by 477 kg per one melting and reduction of processing time in ladle furnace by 44 minutes.
Table 3 shows the experimental data, which characterize the influence of the manganese concentration in steel microalloyed by boron on the mechanical properties of rolled metal.
Online since: August 2011
Authors: Wen Xia Zhu, Zhe Lü, Xiao Yan Guan, Xin Yan Zhang, Le Xin Wang
The data were collected in temperature range of 30-850°C in air.
Finally the resistance data of BSCF-Ag electrode layer was collected in situ from 30 to 850°C.
Therefore, charge transfer and the oxygen reduction at the boundary of Air/BSCF-Ag could be more effective than at the boundary of Air/BSCF [16].
The oxygen reduction reaction at the boundary of Air/Ag/BSCF could be more effective than at the boundary of Air/BSCF.
Therefore, the Ag catalyst presumably helps the surface exchange step and charge transfer; the oxygen reduction reaction could be more effective than pure BSCF.
Finally the resistance data of BSCF-Ag electrode layer was collected in situ from 30 to 850°C.
Therefore, charge transfer and the oxygen reduction at the boundary of Air/BSCF-Ag could be more effective than at the boundary of Air/BSCF [16].
The oxygen reduction reaction at the boundary of Air/Ag/BSCF could be more effective than at the boundary of Air/BSCF.
Therefore, the Ag catalyst presumably helps the surface exchange step and charge transfer; the oxygen reduction reaction could be more effective than pure BSCF.
Online since: January 2015
Authors: Vyacheslav Medvedev, Andrey Pustovgar
Usually there are a number of certain phenomenons that takes place during the irradiation process of concrete:
an increase in the size and volume (radiation strain);
the decrease in density;
cracking and reduction of mechanical properties of concrete aggregate;
volume reduction (shrinkage in most cases);
the allocation of water and gases;
the differences in the magnitude of radiation deformation of aggregates and hardened cement
paste leads to the cracking of concrete;
the durability change (usually decrease) of the hardened cement paste.
Table 1 Labeling and compounding of the studied compositions of hardened cement pastes No Additive labeling State Manu-facturer Recom-mended dosage [%] Used dosage [%] Application W/C ratio 0 Plain – – – – – 0,26 1 Centrament Rapid 680 liquid MC-Bauchemie 0,5–2,0 1,0 Plasticizer with acceleration effect 0,26 2 Relaxol liquid Polyplast 0,6–1,5 1,0 Accelerator 0,26 3.1/ 3.2 Weiss Rapid powder Weiss Reagens 0,1–2,5 0,5/ 1,0 Accelerator 0,26 4.1/ 4.2/ 4.3 Calcium formiate powder Eurochem-1 1,0–1,5 0,5/ 1,0/ 1,5 Accelerator 0,26 Table 1 continued No Additive labeling State Manu-facturer Recom-mended dosage [%] Used dosage [%] Application W/C ratio 5 Muraplast FK 48 liquid MC-Bauchemie 0,2–2,0 0,6 Hyperplasticizer 0,24 6 Muraplast FK 63 liquid MC-Bauchemie 0,2–2,5 0,6 Hyperplasticizer 0,25 7 Reamin MF-100 powder Kuban Polymer 0,3–1,0 0,4 Superplasticizer 0,24 8 Reomax PC-750 powder Kuban Polymer No data 0,4 Hyperplasticizer 0,19 9 Weiss SM powder Weiss Reagens No data 0,4
The rate reduction of the ultrasound transmission of the samples with additives (and without additives) is not significant: -(2,1–3,5) % (0,1 %) after 150 °С (stage 1); -(1,5–6,4) % (-3,2 %) after 350 °С (stage 2); -(3,3–8,3) % (-5,6 %) after 600 °С (stage 3); -(8,1–15,9) % (-15,0 %) after 900 °С (stage 4).
Differences in the degree of change (reduction) in mass of samples in the range 20–600 °C (which associated primarily with the separation of the moisture from samples) for HCP with most additives are statistically significant compared to the mass changes of HCP without additives.
These results differ somewhat from those of previous researches that found a significant reduction in thermal changes (like dimensional change, mass loss and the ultrasound transmission rate reduction) for the samples with insertions of chemical additives S-3, S-4, antifreeze additive sodium nitrite and “NTF” retardant additives.
Table 1 Labeling and compounding of the studied compositions of hardened cement pastes No Additive labeling State Manu-facturer Recom-mended dosage [%] Used dosage [%] Application W/C ratio 0 Plain – – – – – 0,26 1 Centrament Rapid 680 liquid MC-Bauchemie 0,5–2,0 1,0 Plasticizer with acceleration effect 0,26 2 Relaxol liquid Polyplast 0,6–1,5 1,0 Accelerator 0,26 3.1/ 3.2 Weiss Rapid powder Weiss Reagens 0,1–2,5 0,5/ 1,0 Accelerator 0,26 4.1/ 4.2/ 4.3 Calcium formiate powder Eurochem-1 1,0–1,5 0,5/ 1,0/ 1,5 Accelerator 0,26 Table 1 continued No Additive labeling State Manu-facturer Recom-mended dosage [%] Used dosage [%] Application W/C ratio 5 Muraplast FK 48 liquid MC-Bauchemie 0,2–2,0 0,6 Hyperplasticizer 0,24 6 Muraplast FK 63 liquid MC-Bauchemie 0,2–2,5 0,6 Hyperplasticizer 0,25 7 Reamin MF-100 powder Kuban Polymer 0,3–1,0 0,4 Superplasticizer 0,24 8 Reomax PC-750 powder Kuban Polymer No data 0,4 Hyperplasticizer 0,19 9 Weiss SM powder Weiss Reagens No data 0,4
The rate reduction of the ultrasound transmission of the samples with additives (and without additives) is not significant: -(2,1–3,5) % (0,1 %) after 150 °С (stage 1); -(1,5–6,4) % (-3,2 %) after 350 °С (stage 2); -(3,3–8,3) % (-5,6 %) after 600 °С (stage 3); -(8,1–15,9) % (-15,0 %) after 900 °С (stage 4).
Differences in the degree of change (reduction) in mass of samples in the range 20–600 °C (which associated primarily with the separation of the moisture from samples) for HCP with most additives are statistically significant compared to the mass changes of HCP without additives.
These results differ somewhat from those of previous researches that found a significant reduction in thermal changes (like dimensional change, mass loss and the ultrasound transmission rate reduction) for the samples with insertions of chemical additives S-3, S-4, antifreeze additive sodium nitrite and “NTF” retardant additives.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Zhi Ping Zhang, Xi Hong Wu
In model training, the phonemic targets were learned from one-hour training speech data and the boundaries of phonemes were also aligned.
Considering that the formant can be easier used to model and describe the coarticulation and reduction in articulation, it is necessary to develop a trainable formant synthesis technique to generate more fluent and expressive speech.
As context-independent units, the targets can be learned from the training data.
Acero, A Bidirectinal Target-Filtering Model of Speech Coariticulaiton and Reduction: Two-Stage Implementation for Phonetic Recognition, IEEE Trans.
Considering that the formant can be easier used to model and describe the coarticulation and reduction in articulation, it is necessary to develop a trainable formant synthesis technique to generate more fluent and expressive speech.
As context-independent units, the targets can be learned from the training data.
Acero, A Bidirectinal Target-Filtering Model of Speech Coariticulaiton and Reduction: Two-Stage Implementation for Phonetic Recognition, IEEE Trans.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Ming Feng Jiang, Jie Feng, Xin Jin
Exploiting the sparsity of MR signals, Compressed Sensing MR imaging (CS-MRI) is one of the most promising approaches to reconstruct a MR image with good quality from highly under-sampled k-space data.
The Fourier transform reconstructions of the fully-sampled k-space data are shown in Figure 1.
All the measured k-space data are mixed with -20dB simulated Gaussian white noise compared with the maximum of the signal intensity.
In terms of the reconstruction quality with the three different MR data tested, it can be observed visually that the proposed SP-GS method significantly outperformed NLCG, in the case of 79.46% undersampling k-space data, as shown in Figure 3.
In this paper, a novel group sparse based algorithm is demonstrated for reconstructing MR image with highly undersampled k-space data.
The Fourier transform reconstructions of the fully-sampled k-space data are shown in Figure 1.
All the measured k-space data are mixed with -20dB simulated Gaussian white noise compared with the maximum of the signal intensity.
In terms of the reconstruction quality with the three different MR data tested, it can be observed visually that the proposed SP-GS method significantly outperformed NLCG, in the case of 79.46% undersampling k-space data, as shown in Figure 3.
In this paper, a novel group sparse based algorithm is demonstrated for reconstructing MR image with highly undersampled k-space data.
Online since: March 2015
Authors: Rui Huang, Juan Yao, Mei Zhen Gong, Jin Ling Guo, Hua Shun Yu, Da Chun Gong
In this paper, we adopted two-stage feeding strategy: according to the current data and the fermen tation kinetics equation, we added proper amount of medium at prophase in order to further improve cell growth. in fermentation.
The goodness of fit R2 is 0.94038, showed that 94.083% of the data can be explained by this model, cell growth agreed very well with the cell growth curve model.
The goodness of fit R2 is 0.85071, showed that 85.071% of the data can be explained by this model, product synthesis agree well with the product synthesis curve model.
The goodness of fit R2 is 0.95668, showed that 95.668% of the data can be explained by this model, substrate consumption agree very well with the substrate consumption curve model.
In order to verify the accuracy and applicability of the model, we repeated the experiment once time at the same fermentation conditions, and determined the biomass, enzyme activity and residual sugar, then calculated the error between experimental data and calculation data.
The goodness of fit R2 is 0.94038, showed that 94.083% of the data can be explained by this model, cell growth agreed very well with the cell growth curve model.
The goodness of fit R2 is 0.85071, showed that 85.071% of the data can be explained by this model, product synthesis agree well with the product synthesis curve model.
The goodness of fit R2 is 0.95668, showed that 95.668% of the data can be explained by this model, substrate consumption agree very well with the substrate consumption curve model.
In order to verify the accuracy and applicability of the model, we repeated the experiment once time at the same fermentation conditions, and determined the biomass, enzyme activity and residual sugar, then calculated the error between experimental data and calculation data.
Online since: September 2007
Authors: Andreas Kyprianou, Cristinel Mares, John E. Mottershead, Charalambos D. Charalambous
In order to detect the damage the matrix G and data column vector x should be
selected.
The data vector x (10 x 1) is made by the difference of the acceleration frequency response functions (inertances), 5 elements for chosen frequencies of 290 and 295 Hz, ( )9,7,5,3,1)()( 99 = −= ifhfhx i d ik
(22) where i indicates the five elements, Figure 1, and j the frequency response functions from which the data is obtained.
(30) It is clear that the least squares solution for data without noise, eq. (29), indicates the correct damage location and severity.
However for the noisy data, the results eq. (30), are erroneous and do not provide any information about the damage.
The data vector x (10 x 1) is made by the difference of the acceleration frequency response functions (inertances), 5 elements for chosen frequencies of 290 and 295 Hz, ( )9,7,5,3,1)()( 99 = −= ifhfhx i d ik
(22) where i indicates the five elements, Figure 1, and j the frequency response functions from which the data is obtained.
(30) It is clear that the least squares solution for data without noise, eq. (29), indicates the correct damage location and severity.
However for the noisy data, the results eq. (30), are erroneous and do not provide any information about the damage.
Online since: July 2013
Authors: Günter Gottstein, Indranil Basu, Talal Al Samman
Fig. 3a&b presents the EBSD orientation maps and local texture data for Mg-1Ce and Mg-1Gd annealed at 300 °C.
Single orientation scatter data maps and local microtexture data show the texture contribution from the recrystallized and the deformed regions.
Fig. 4 displays the EBSD data obtained for Mg-Ce and Mg-Gd annealed at 450 °C.
The plots presented in Fig. 4d were obtained from an additional larger mapping so as to yield statistically sufficient data.
EBSD maps and local texture data (single orientation data and recalculated (0002) pole figures) for (a) Mg-1Gd and (b) Mg-1Ce, annealed at 300 °C.
Single orientation scatter data maps and local microtexture data show the texture contribution from the recrystallized and the deformed regions.
Fig. 4 displays the EBSD data obtained for Mg-Ce and Mg-Gd annealed at 450 °C.
The plots presented in Fig. 4d were obtained from an additional larger mapping so as to yield statistically sufficient data.
EBSD maps and local texture data (single orientation data and recalculated (0002) pole figures) for (a) Mg-1Gd and (b) Mg-1Ce, annealed at 300 °C.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Shuo Liu, Fa Chao Li, Ming Li
In rough set theory, how to measure the attributes significance of the data is a core content.
Introduction In general, the information in the data sets is stored for different learning and mining tasks.
Therefore, for a specific data analysis tasks, attributes in the information system are not equally important, it may also exist redundant or irrelevant information.
An excessive amount of attributes storing in the data set may cause a significant slowdown in the learning process and deteriorate the performance of learning algorithm.
And it can be seen from the example that this approach is feasibility and effectiveness when for different problems, it can provide a new way to deal with the practical application data.
Introduction In general, the information in the data sets is stored for different learning and mining tasks.
Therefore, for a specific data analysis tasks, attributes in the information system are not equally important, it may also exist redundant or irrelevant information.
An excessive amount of attributes storing in the data set may cause a significant slowdown in the learning process and deteriorate the performance of learning algorithm.
And it can be seen from the example that this approach is feasibility and effectiveness when for different problems, it can provide a new way to deal with the practical application data.
Online since: March 2015
Authors: Qi Wang, Shi Zhong Ma, Yue Li
XinMiaoxi-Xinbei region fuyu reservoir of lower cretaceous quantou forth group sedimentary period develop large shallow-water delta sedimentary, which based on core data and logging information of 44 wells through the analysis of single well facies and logging facies analysis and the research of sedimentary microfacies.
This paper postulates that the study area is shallow water delta depositional system[2] which is mainly on underwater distributary’s channel and distributary’s channel as favorable reservoir belts, based on 44 wells core data(1677.8 meters long), the well log facies analysis of 413 wells, by analyzing single well facies and the study about 12 wells of the plane distributive maps of sedimentary microfacies.
There is obvious medium–weak oxidizing sedimentation characteristics, that is to say delta distributary plain subfacies, river spilling shore and diversion frequently; 5 layer-2 layer, the mud colour is variegated; including underwater channel, cross-bedding, the energy of channel is weak, vertical and plane erosion ability weakened, shows “ mud packing sand” type; sheet sand increases upward; the study area is in weak oxidation-weak reduction environment, namely delta distributary plain –front transition subfacies. 1 layer ,the mud colour is sage green, develops thin sand sheet, horizontal bedding, small-scale cross bedding; the study area is in weak reduction environment-delta front subfacies.
This paper postulates that the study area is shallow water delta depositional system[2] which is mainly on underwater distributary’s channel and distributary’s channel as favorable reservoir belts, based on 44 wells core data(1677.8 meters long), the well log facies analysis of 413 wells, by analyzing single well facies and the study about 12 wells of the plane distributive maps of sedimentary microfacies.
There is obvious medium–weak oxidizing sedimentation characteristics, that is to say delta distributary plain subfacies, river spilling shore and diversion frequently; 5 layer-2 layer, the mud colour is variegated; including underwater channel, cross-bedding, the energy of channel is weak, vertical and plane erosion ability weakened, shows “ mud packing sand” type; sheet sand increases upward; the study area is in weak oxidation-weak reduction environment, namely delta distributary plain –front transition subfacies. 1 layer ,the mud colour is sage green, develops thin sand sheet, horizontal bedding, small-scale cross bedding; the study area is in weak reduction environment-delta front subfacies.