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We apply data envelopment analysis (DEA) to assess the technical, pure technical and scale efficiencies of UPBTS and UPRTS over years.
In the BCC model, the frontier is spanned by the convex hull of the units in the data set.
To address some of the concerns regarding data comparability, this paper uses a comprehensive data set containing urban bus and rail transit systems in Shanghai.
This type of data set facilitates the examination of both the cross sectional and the temporal properties of the transit systems.
Zhu (Eds.): Handbook on data envelopment analysis (Springer Science+ Business Media 2011)

The numerical predictions have been validated through comparison to the available experimental data.
This is thought to be due to the reduction in creep ductility and also hardening effects in the PC material [5].
In this figure the estimated trends are shown in dashed lines whereas the mean fit to the data at the upper shelf region is shown as a straight line.
Note that only the valid data points (see [7]) are shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3: Comparison of the predicted CCG trends to the experimental data for (a) PS and (b) PE conditions The numerical predictions presented in Figure 3(a) and (b) show that under both PS and PE conditions, the CCG results from the low load test on PC material (PC6) are consistent with those of obtained from the low load simulation on AR material (AR6) and the predicted data points fall close to or within the long term experimental data band for the AR material.

Analysis filtering images from different orientations and scales, then fuses the multichannel data.
It has dozens of defects in actual production, this paper selected point-type defects: cotton ball; linear defects: slough of latitude, latitude reduction, wooden roller wrinkled; planar defects; jump yarn.
Slough of latitude defects and test results Figure 4．Latitude reduction defects and test results Figure 5．

Data about gage strains and their changes under slotting were obtained using commercial ICP CON I-7016P module.
Using ICP CON I-7520 (RS 232) module above data was transferred into PC.
Residual stresses distributions calculated using strain registration data before and after PEC treatment are presented on Fig.2.
The same equipment as above was used for measuring, storing and processing of the data of strain registration.
The same equipment as above was used for measuring, storing and processing of the data of strain registration.

For the coal-fired power plants, the oxy-fuel firing is a promising option for CO2emission reduction.
Before data from pilot plants will be available, thermodynamic modelling of the ash deposits can give already first indications of the corrosivity of the new environment.
Input Data and Boundary Conditions for Thermodynamic Modelling.
A possible reduction of the sulphur content in the recycled flue gas by reaction with the sulphur with the ash has been neglected in this first evaluation.
The reduction of the S-content of ~50% would significantly decrease the amount of sulphates in the deposit and at the same time in the gas as well.

Combined application of both experimental methods, Locati and thermographic, with a new approach to the determination of this slope might allow one to develop automatic equipment for the accelerated determination of the fatigue limit which would contribute to significant reduction of the test costs and time, thus increasing availability of such tests.
Thanks to these methods, it is possible to significantly cut cost of fatigue tests by the reduction of the quantity of specimens and the shortening test duration.
Locati method: This method belongs to methods of accelerated determination of fatigue limit, where the fixed-amplitude load is replaced with a programmed load, while the test time is shortened by the reduction of the specimen number.
The Staircase fatigue data for C45 steel under reversed bending Thermographic tests: 17 specimens at 6 load levels were tested using thermographic camera in constant amplitude loading conditions.
Mood, A Method for Obtaining and Analyzing Sensitivity Data, Journal of the American Statistical Association.

The reduction of overall costs has to be addressed as well, considering new sources for raw materials and more cost-efficient catalysts.
Material cost reduction.
Also the use of hydrides synthesized from waste is an interesting route for cost reduction.
The study of temperature gradients in tanks is a useful tool to analyze the behavior of the specific solution adopted and to provide reliable data for numerical simulation.
The first experiments on such a system, regular absorption and desorption cycles with static settings, validated the design and generated interesting data in terms of H2 flow, pressure and temperatures, which could be critically analyzed to design a new set of experiments and move closer to the real application.

SnO2-based sensor has many advantages such as low cost, small size, high reliability, and long operating life, but selectivity has been a major obstacle on the application for discriminating gas species in mixture of multi-reduction gases.
For example, when two or more kinds of target gases exist at the same time, the sensors are failed to measure each concentration in the target gases as reduction gas due to these have affected on a same sensor.
The calculation value of responses were identical very well with the experimental data, in which the maximum error was less than 5.0% for measurements of CO and H2 mixing gas while the repeatability of the response for 20mol%NiO-doping SnO2 sensor cell to 0.1%H2 was unsatisfactory.
It was demonstrated that feasibility of the method to detect CO and H2 concentrations by above results, therefore, it can be considered that will be a potential method to distinguish the effects of CO and H2 in the mixed gas, and detect concentrations of CO and H2 as reduction gases in the future.
Fig.5 Comparison of experimental data with calculation values on detecting of CO and H2. 5.

Based on analyzing the mechanism of thermal conductivity of glazed hollow bead concrete, this paper divides the channels of thermal conductivity in concrete, constructs the model of thermal conductivity coefficient based on the Theory of Minimum Thermal Resistance, and confirms the model by using the data of other related literatures and the data of our own experiment.
The purpose of this paper is to construct the model of thermal conductivity coefficient based on the theory of minimum thermal resistance, and confirms the model by using the data of other related literatures and our own experiment, based on analyzing the mechanism of thermal conductivity of glazed hollow bead concrete.
The purpose of this paper is to construct the model of thermal conductivity coefficient based on the theory of minimum thermal resistance, and confirms the model by using the data of other related literatures and our own experiment, based on analyzing the mechanism of thermal conductivity of glazed hollow bead concrete.
Reduction of Model.
Supposing that the percentage of volume of aggregate, glazed hollow bead and mortar is Va , Vm and , we can make formula (5) and (6) further reduction, so (7) (8) Submitting formula (7) and (8) to (4), we can get the coefficient of thermal conductivity of this concrete is (9) Analyzing of Value K.

Performing the button cells by means of I-V testing at 600, 700 and 800°C, the data of maximum power density (Pm) depicted the order LN75 < BSCF < LN15 < LN30< LN50 regardless of temperatures.
The data measured from the testing of electrical conductivity for various pellets in the range from 400 to 800 °C were recorded and plotted in Fig. 3(a).
The data of conductivity for the pellet come from pure BSCF decreased from 20.9 to 18.5 S/cm with increasing temperature from 500 to 800 °C.
For instance, at 700 ° C, the data of Pm (mW/cm2) increased in the order 4.5 (LN75) < 12.7 (LN15) < 17.2 (LN30) < 19.3 (BSCF) < 24.2 (LN50).
(a) Data of the electric conductivity as a function of temperatures in air for the pellets come from mixed powders LN15, LN30, LN50 and LN75 compared with that of pure BSCF powder.