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Reduction of both harmful emissions and energy performance intensity of transportation currently ranks among the most important factors influencing the current trends in the development of components used in the automotive industry, particularly due to the legislative regulations concerning the reduction of greenhouse gases.
Therefore, the requirement of weight reduction also applies to car seat cushions.
Parameter βi is related to the Poisson’s ratio νi by the expression (2) The model order N = (1÷6), must be chosen and the material parameters αi, βi and µi can either be specified, or computed by Abaqus using a least square fit that minimizes error in the computed stress when given experimental data.
The acceptable experimental data for this model are uniaxial, biaxial and volumetric.

The wear phenomena were evaluated in terms of pin area reduction.
Hardness is calculated from the load vs. displacement data obtained by nanoindentation (nanoindenter MTS mod.
In figures 9 and 10 the values of the inclination angle of the pin walls and area reduction are reported.
For the uncoated pin tools, two different stages can be observed: at the beginning the area reduction increases but the variation is small; in the second stage an increase of wear is noticed; in fact its value reaches the pin area reduction of the AlSiTiN tool.
Area reduction % 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 10 20 30 40 n. processing lines reduction % AlSiCrN hardned C40 AlSiTiN Fig. 10 Reduction of area of the tool pin.

Solution properties (i.e., density, viscosity, and diffusivity) required for data correlation were attained from the literature [18, 19].
The rate of heat transfer (Q) across the tank bottom is given by : Q=UAΔTmean (11) Fig. 8 shows a comparison between the present data and previously obtained data by Colton & Smith [12] and Marangozis & Johnson [13].
The present data lie below the benzoic acid technique data probably because: (i) The benzoic acid technique suffers from limitations such as benzoic acid attrition beside dissolution, furthermore, the development of surface roughness increases the area and induces micro eddies formation.
Johnson, A correlation of mass transfer data of solid‐liquid systems in agitated vessels, The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering. 40(6) (1962) 231-237
Post, Densities, viscosities, and diffusivities in aqueous sodium hydroxide-potassium ferri- and ferro-cyanide solutions, Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data. 30(2) (1985) 163-165

Thermal equilibrium deviation based on heat transfer amount at water side: （3） Thermal equilibrium deviation will be calculated during experiment and data acquired are valid if thermal equilibrium variation is within 5%; otherwise data are invalid which requires experiment again.
Data processing for heat transfer experiment Heat transfer coefficient for air-cooled heat exchanger is as below： （4） refers to overall heat transfer coefficient, ; the average value of measured heat transfer amount at both sides is selected to represent heat transfer amount due to the existing deviation in thermal parameter measurement at both sides, which is ,; refers to heat transfer area, ; refers to log mean temperature difference, .
The coefficient, and index m, n in (7) and (9) can be determined after multiple experiment data fitting.
Pressure drop will increase 1.5 times with 0.4mm reduction of air passage spacing in corrugated plate air-cooled heat exchanger Pressure drop of hot water side is shown in Figure 4, whereas resistance expression will be acquired as per experimental data fitting[5]: （11） Hot water flow velocity ranges from 0.09m/s-0.9m/ in correlation expression (11).
Pressure drop will increase 1.5 times with 0.4mm reduction of air passage spacing.

For example, whether to pass ISO14001 management system verification, whether to have waste reduction plans.
The index value is only concerned with technology, equipment, but has nothing to do with the location of the place and the factory, and so it necessary to get the real data through a scene investigation.
Microcosmic index can be used either to recognize waste reduction space of enterprises, also can explain of environment performance.
Waste emission reduction index mainly describes the reducing degree of eventual emissions of solid waste and waste water of industry , and the index reflects results of reducing resource consumption and waste produced through the reduce, reuse and recycling, from the source, lowering waste eventual emissions, reducing environmental pollution.
Wastewater emissions Iron and steel industry environment management degree Environmental problem Clean production Carbon dioxide emissions Waste reduction plan Sulfur dioxide emissions ISO14001 certification status Recycling economy Resource input output rate Solid waste comprehensive utilization Mineral resources total recovery Environmental special organizational system Production waste treatment industry management Figure 1.

The technique, similar to the cathodic deposition of other oxides, involves the reduction of oxygen or nitrate in mildly acidic solutions of Zn 2+ to produce an increase in the pH near the electrode surface.
If the reduction is carried out at a slightly elevated temperature(>65℃), the Zn(OH)2 converts to ZnO during deposition.
The purpose of this paper is to facilitate the use of oxygen reduction to prepare CuO doped ZnO thin films.
In the generating ZnO films on the substrate, the reduction of oxygen was performed with a low Zn2+ concentration at a sufficiently high temperature(>70℃).
The pattern associated with the electrodeposited layer reveals a hexagonal wurtzite structure in agreement with the data obtained from the JCPD files No. 36-1451.

By introducing the reduction factor of concrete strength, the influences of the constraints reduction can be taken into account.
The influences of the constraints reduction can be taken into account by introducing the concrete strength reduction factor.
The comparisons of experimental data and theoretical results have been conducted as listed in Table 2.
It can be reflects by introducing a reduction factor and then it can be converted into circular ones with equivalent area.

Cost-effective and sustainable technologies for the reduction of such pollutants from flue gas have become increasingly important nowadays.
However, even though numerous attempts have been made aiming at developing technologies for the removal of SOx and NOx, not much effort has been made on the simultaneous conversion of NOx and SOx in flue gas via selective catalytic reduction.
The experiments on the selective reduction of SO2 and NO were carried out using a multi-functional catalyst testing rig with an online flue gas analyser.
To mitigate the problems caused by SOx and NOx, numerous attempts have been made to develop technologies for the reduction of SOx and NOx emissions.
The weight percentage of CuO in the prepared catalyst is 4.9%, which is calculated by using the adiabatic method with the data (RIRCuO =2.5).

It tremendously reduces the lead-time to produce physical prototypes necessary for design verification by generating prototypes directly from CAD data.
Since the data used for RP is available in a computer, it can be easily manipulated or modified for any modifications desired in the final product.
The same data can be used for any analysis required such as strength, structure or mould design for a part, design of jigs and fixture and also for costing.
Design Of Experiment (DOE) experimental prototypes -are focused physical models where empirical data is sought to parameterize, lay out, or shape aspects of the product.
Similarly due to the variations in data transfer protocol, the CAD data is not available directly for Design for Assembly and Manufacturing (DFA&M) software and hence separate programming is still required.

Mechanical properties, namely, yield strength (YS) at 0.2% offset strain, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and fracture elongation (El%), were derived from the data acquisition system of the machine.
The response of these data is characterized by the mean values of the yield strength (YS) at 0.2% offset strain, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and fracture elongation (El%).
Fig. 4 (a-f) show the main effects plot for the mean values of yield strength (YS) at 0.2% offset strain, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and fracture elongation (El%) data in terms of %Mg content, Sr-modification, Aging Temperature (AT) and Aging Time (At).
Fig. 4 (g-l) show the interaction plot for the mean values of yield strength (YS) at 0.2% offset strain, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and fracture elongation (El%) data in terms of different combination of %Mg content, Sr-modification, Aging Temperature (AT) and Aging Time (At).
(g-l) Interaction plot for the mean values of yield strength (YS) at 0.2% offset strain, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and fracture elongation (El%) data.