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The technological innovation input indicators reflect the input strength of the nation, the region and the enterprise in the technological innovation aspects, such as human, financial and material ect.; the technological innovation diffusion indicators reflect the circumstances of knowledge flows and technology exchanges in the process of technological innovation, which are brought by the technology introduction, are also a kind of input in the process of technological innovation, and are important indicators that measure the technological innovation efficiency; the technological innovation support indicators are the environment of the regional technological innovation, and reflect the base of the regional technological innovation and the support to technological innovation activities; the technological innovation output indicators reflect the result or effect of the technological innovation activities, and are the returns of innovation inputs.
Table 1 Evaluation Index System of Regional Technological Innovation Efficiency First-grade Indicator Second -grade Indicator Input Indicator (X) Technological Innovation Input proportion of R&D expenditure to GDP; proportion of S&T expenditure to GDP; proportion of local financial allocation for sci-tech to local fiscal expenditure; proportion of enterprise's R&D expenditure to sales revenue; R&D personnel in per million; S&T personnel in per million; proportion of scientist and engineer to S&T personnel Technological Innovation Diffusion proportion of enterprise's technology introduction and technology absorption expenditure to sales revenue; amount of foreign technology introduction contract Technological Innovation Support number of R&D institution; number of college; number of computer ownership in per hundred residents; number of Internet users in per 10 thousand people; number of fixed telephone and mobile phone users in per hundred
At this stage, it is not necessary to add new investment and the key to the innovation is to improve efficiency in the use of existing resources by a variety of measures.

Researchers and engineers have been looking for ways to monitor tool condition, and nowadays the development of effective tool condition monitoring systems is of vital importance to increase productivity and process reliability.
C45 steel was used as the workpiece material.
The key issue in many monitoring systems is the reduction of large flows of data from numerous sensors to a few well-correlated features that can be used for process monitoring.

To turn these designs from paper to reality has become a major objective of our manufacturing engineers.
In order to keep each small lens in the array edge sharp and vertex radius reached while machining the freeform on it, it is very important that the program checks and calculates along the cutting path the highest and lowest points of the surface, as well as all the other points in relation to them to make sure the tool does not remove too much or too little material from bumps and holes in the array surface so that the raised or sunken feature of the array can be kept true.
The program asks the operator to select a surface and to key in the data of radius, the distance between lines, spacing of the points in degree, tool radius etc. before it calculates and displays the results on the screen.

Starting from 2001 to until now, gold linked glyconanoparticles are the key materials and building blocks for study of function of carbohydrate in biology.
Niemeyer, Nanoparticles, proteins, and nucleic acids: biotechnology meets materials science, Angew.
Ravin, Glycodendrimers and their Biological Applications, Engineered Carbohydrate-Based Materials for Biomedical Applications: Polymers, Surfaces, Dendrimers, Nanoparticles, and Hydrogels, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Ed.
Niemeyer, Nanoparticles, proteins, and nucleic acids: biotechnology meets materials science, Angew.
Gleiter, Nanostructured materials, Adv.

Kurale Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK aArnoldMP2@cardiff.ac.uk, bFeatherstonCA@cardiff.ac.uk, cPearsonMR@cardiff.ac.uk, dLeesJ2@cardiff.ac.uk, eKuralA@cardiff.ac.uk, *corresponding author Keywords: Energy harvesting, power management, thermoelectric.
Using a variety of materials and designs, thermoelectric generators (TEGS) can be optimised to harvest maximum power over a range of temperatures and gradients.
Holford, G Waring, Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting For Wireless Sensor Systems in Aircraft, Key Engineering Materials, 413-414 (2009), 487-494 [2] A.

Characteristics of Organic Phosphorus in a Shallow Lake Gehu investigated by Sequential Fractionation and 31P-NMR Technicals Zhang Yimin1,a* Chen Jing2,b Gao Yuexiang2,b Wang Longmian2,b Yang Fei2,b 1Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China 2Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China *a Corresponding author,zym@nies.org b 275197723@qq.com Key words: 31P-NMR, fractionation, NaOH-EDTA, sediments, Lake Gehu Abstract.
Materials and Methods 1.1 Description of the site studied Lake Gehu (31º29'−31º42' N, 119º44'−119º53' E) is a moderate large and shallow lake with an area of 164 km2, a mean depth of 1.7 m, located in Yangtze delta which is the most industrialized area in China.
Inositol phosphates have often been suggested to be the dominant monoester in the 3.5-4.5 ppm region due to its resistance during both hydrolysis and acid in sediment material.

Development of Magnesium Alloys with High Performance Shigeharu Kamado1, a and Yo Kojima 2,b 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan 2 Nagaoka University of Technology a kamado@mech.nagaokaut.ac.jp, bkojima@jcom.nagaokaut.ac.jp Keywords: wrought magnesium alloys, high strength alloy, compressive proof stress, high ductility, rolling, extrusion, superplasticity, deformation behavior, anisotropy, texture, dynamic recrystallization, dynamic precipitation, deep drawing, compound dispersion Abstract.
At present, magnesium alloys are mainly applied to automobile parts such as steering wheel, key lock housing, instrument panel, door frame, transmission case etc in Germany and USA for fuel saving by lightening.
This fact means that magnesium alloy diecastings is not able to use as a replacing material of wrought aluminum alloys.
Kamado: Materials Science Forum, Vols. 488-489. (2005), p. 9 [2] Y.

One of the key points of higher-order theories is that the three dimensional displacements U1, U2 and U3 are not linear through the shell thickness, according to the chosen displacement field (2).
Since the shell material is assumed linearly elastic, the constitutive equations in terms of stress resultants are defined lamina by lamina starting from the three dimensional stress components expressed as σ(k) = ¯C(k)ε(k) (4) In equation (4) σ(k) = [σ(k) 1 σ(k) 2 τ(k) 12 τ(k) 13 τ(k) 23 σ(k) 3 ]T is the stress component vector, ¯C(k) is the constitutive matrix for the kth lamina [2, 38, 40] and ε(k) = [ε(k) 1 εk2 γ(k) 12 γ(k) 13 γ(k) 23 ε(k) 3 ]T is the strain component vector.
Acknolegments The research topic is one of the subjects of the Center of Study and Research for the Identification of Materials and Structures (CIMEST)-"M.
Shu: Differential Quadrature and Its Application in Engineering (Springer 2000)

Furthermore, how to obtain information fast, accurately and comprehensively and monitor the changes of each index is the key to monitor damaged cultivated land quality.
The coverage materials are mainly coal gangue, fly ash, the abandoned debris of the open-pit mine and the tailings pond of metallic ore.
And heavy metals and other substances of ores in oxidizing process produced acidic material, leading to the soil acidification.
Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering. 

Investigation for Convective Heat Transfer on Grinding Work-piece Surface Subjected to a Mist/Air Impinging Jet Zhang Jing-zhou1,a, Tan Xiao-ming1,b, Liu Bo1,c, Zhu Xing-dan1,d College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China azhangjz@nuaa.edu.cn, btxmyy@nuaa.edu.cn, cliubo@nuaa.edu.cn, dzhxd@nuaa.edu.cn Keywords: Impinging Jet; Mist/Air Jet; Swirl Flow; Heat Transfer Enhancement; Grinding Zone Cooling Abstract.
Introduction The grinding process requires higher energy expenditure per unit volume of material removed.
The investigation showed that cold air can be used to suppress surface burning under certain material removal rates and has an advantage of reduced grinding forces.
The key mechanism of mist/air impinging jet to enhance cooling effectiveness is based on the following features: (a) single-phase heat transfer improved by increased mixing induced by particle dynamics, additional momentum and mass transfer induced by evaporation of liquid droplets on/near the wall, and increased specific heat, (b) the quenching effect of mist in the superheated boundary layer resulting in a steeper temperature gradient near the wall, and (c) the direct wall-to-droplet heat transfer during impact releasing the latent heat of evaporation.
Eda, Simulation and experimental analysis of super high-speed grading of ductile material, J.