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An Al-doped P+ enrichment layer was implanted at high temperature (T) (>500°C) and dose (100% Ref~3x1015 cm-2) inside the P wells in the active area to create a low resistivity ohmic tunnel contact.
High temperature annealing processes increase the activation of Al dopant in the P+ wells, by reducing in this way the P+ contact resistance.
The increase of the Al P+ dose in the enrichment implant inside the P wells is potentially another suitable option to improve surge ruggedness in 4H-SiC MPS diodes.
El-Shawarby, The Influence of Doping Concentration, Temperature, and Electric Field on Mobility of Silicon Carbide Materials, Proc. of 2006 IEEE International Conference on Semiconductor Electronics, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, November 2006
Roccaforte, Ohmic Contacts on p-Type Al-Implanted 4H-SiC Layers after Different Post-Implantation Annealings, Materials, 12, (2019), 3468

According to Zhang et al [12], if the doping ion increase with the increasing polarization of the oxygen ion, the cloud’s distortion level will increase and results a decreasing the energy gap.
According to Shen et al.[16], the band gap energy obtained for LiNbO3 doped with osmium (Os) shows a large reducing from 3.78 eV to 0.7 eV using generalized gradient approximation of Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (GGA-PBE).
El-Ads, Perovskite Mater.
Boukhtouta et al., Philos.
Huang et al., Chinese Phys.

Piorkowska and al. [2] developed a probabilistic approach.
Durin and al. [3] used the Haudin and Chenot's model [4] adding a correction to the density of nuclei.
Durin an al. [3] worked on continuous fibers.
In Frang and al. work on short fibers [5, 6], spherulites and transcrystalline cylinders are assumed growing in the same space.
El Otmani, M.

Research by Barglar et al [14] shows that composite resin can change color when it is exposed with colored food and beverages.
According to Karaarslan et al [32] and Celik et al [33], after polymerization there is a color change in the composite.
Silva, et al, Bonding performance of a self-adhering flowable composite to indirect restorative materials, RSBO.11 (2014): 6–12
EL-Sharkawy, N.M.
Meireles, et al, The effect of drinks on color stability and surface roughness of nanocomposites, Eur J Dent. 8 (2014) 330–336.

Effect of Recycled Concrete Aggregates and Natural Pozzolana on Rheology of Self-Compacting Concrete KENAI Said1,a, MENADI Belkacem1, b , DEBBIH Amina1,c and KADRI EL-Hadj4,d 1Geomaterials laboratory, Civil engineering department, University of Blida, Algeria. 2Civil engineering department, University of Cergy Pontoise, France.
However, Arya et al. [11] reported that the incorporation of pozzolana improves the workability of vibrated concrete.

Wu, Back pressure equal channel angular consolidation of pure Al particles, Scripta Materialia 53(11) (2005) 1225-1229
Xia, Nanostructured Al–Al2O3 composite formed in situ during consolidation of ultrafine Al particles by back pressure equal channel angular pressing, Acta Materialia 57(14) (2009) 4321-4330
Horita, Powder consolidation of Al–10wt% Fe alloy by High-Pressure Torsion, Materials Science and Engineering: A 558 (2012) 462-471
Abd El Aal, E.

Joarder et al. [1]have tried to evaluate the radiation losses but they have also found radiation losses to be negligible .Since radiation is highly spectral, so in order to do the radiation calculations correctly it is necessary to calculate the radiative properties of gases at each and every wavelength point for a large range.
Equilibrium condition data at 0.02 μs has been taken from Joarder et al. [1] to carry out further simulations for the radiation losses( see Table 1) Table 1: Values of various variables at Initial and equilibrium conditions Variable Initial Conditions (entire domain) Equilibrium Conditions (at plasma region) T 300 K 17800 K P 101325 Pa 5071070 Pa N2 0.755 0.325064 O2 0.2322 0.000989 AR 0.0128 0.0128 N 0 0.423377 O 0 0.223719 NO 0 0.014053 Chemical Kinetics As laser energy is deposited, breakdown occurs at the threshold energy and temperature of the focal region starts rising and reaches to a very high value of almost 17800K .At such a high temperature, dissociation of air into various species starts occurring.
The NIST database contains information for line positions (λ), Einstein coefficients, energy of upper and lower transition states(EU , EL ), and the degeneracy of the energy states(gU, gL ).
The radiation loss over the whole simulation time up to 60μs from 0.02μs can be roughly estimated as = 197.35mJ/s x 30μs =5.92 μJ This is the maximum approximate loss .The earlier value for the radiative losses by Jordar et al. was 0.33μJ[1].
Sohn, I., et al., Advanced radiation calculations of hypersonic reentry flows using efficient databasing schemes.

Elbestawi et al [4] discovered that the different process parameters contributes to the effects on the tool performances, surface finish and integrity of AISI H13 tool steel with having the hardness values of 45 and 55 HRC.
Moreover, Urbanski et al [5] showed investigation on how the milling forces, surface roughness, and tool wear vary with the cutting speed, types of insert, and coating in the milling of hardened AISI H13 tool steel.
D’ Errico et al showed that the coated carbide tool has provide an enhancement to the chip flow results in release of the cutting edges and providing bond of thermally insulated barrier that reject heat from the tool surface into the chips in consequence protecting the tool substrate and making it last longer [9].
A Ghani et al [10] stated that with the high hardness, lower friction coefficient and reduced surface roughness of coated carbide tools has allow the chip to flow off the surface of the tool and therefore reduces the built up edge and wear which thus increases tool life.
Jawahir, I.S.2001, “ Tool wear mechanisms in hard turning with PCBN tools”, Wear 205, pp. 576-586 [4] Elbestawi MA, Chen L, Beeze CE, El-Wardany TI, (1997), High speed of die and mold in their hardened state, A model for chip formation during machining of hardened steel, Annal of CIRP 46:57-62 [5] Urbanski JP, Koshy P, Dewes RC, Aspinwall DK, (2000), High speed machining of moulds and dies for net sharp manufacture.

Takahashi, et al.: Int.
Zhang, et al.: Key Eng.
Diaz-Arnold, et al.: J.
El-Mowafy, et al.: J.

Gather et al. [9] investigated the important process parameters of hydroforming process for robust parameter design by using the Taguchi method.
Li et al. [12] applied an orthogonal experimental array for FEM simulations of tube hydroforming process.
The fluid pressure and blank holder curves were obtained from a previous study (Halkacı et al. 2011) as shown in Fig.1.
Fluid pressures and blank holder force paths used in the analysis and the experiments (Halkacı et al. 2011) Sixteen simulations were conducted according to L16 orthogonal array as given in Table 2.
El-Sebaie: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, Vol. 49 (2009), p. 773–780 [4] M.