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The ability of materials to exhibit high uniform elongation under tensile load is called superplasticity [3].
On the other hand, 100% contained only fine grained microstructure and hence exhibit the bulge characteristics of materials having uniform microstructure [18].
Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 80–81(1998) 90–95
Materials Science and Technology. 17 (2001) 237–248
Materials Science & Engineering A. 561 (2013) 78–87

Hu [4] researched the aging behavior in transformer oil, and compared the changes in CH4 release, surface topography and molecular structure for different NBR materials.
Rubber materials and products are inevitably subjected to heat and the oxygen in air.
As a kind of elastomer, rubber materials are often in a state of stress.
In certain environment the radiation may play an important role in the aging of rubber materials.
Lei: Journal of Southwest Petroleum University, Vol. 36 (2014), pp. 145-151 [17] Y.

In spite of endless variety of modern insulation materials [1], these houses are still insulated with classical, cost effective materials.
Material Thermal conductivity coefficient λu - design values [W∙m-1∙K-1] Dry soil 0.7 Loamy sand soil with natural moisture 1.4 Wet loamy sand soil 2.3 Soils can be fully or partially substituted by artificial materials, for example hydrophilic mineral wools [4].
Singh, Advances in the building materials for thermal comfort and energy saving (2013), Recent Patents on Engineering, 7 (3), pp. 220-232.
Černý., Thermal conductivity of mineral wool materials partially saturated by water (2006), International Journal of Thermophysics, 27 (4), pp. 1214-1227.
[7] ČSN EN ISO 10456, Building materials and products - Hygrothermal properties - Tabulated design values and procedures for determining declared and design thermal values, Prague: Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing, 2009

Hard metal carbide, oxide and nitride such as TiC, TiN, Al2O3 and Ti(C,N) are commonly used coating materials.
The early coating tool is often a single coat of these materials.
The materials of workpiece are quenched 45 and T10A steel, with hardness of 50~52 and 58~60 HRC respectively.
The different forms of damage are caused by the difference in hardness of the two kinds of workpiece materials.
Zhao: Journal of Wuhan University of Technology No. 10, Vol. 30 (2008), p. 109 [5] G.S.

Experimental Materials and Methods The extruded ZYK530 Mg alloy was forged to prepare the experimental alloy.
Materials Letters. 2005, 59: 1511-1515
Materials Science Forum, 2003, 419-422: 57-56
Ordnance Material Science and Engineering, 2002, 25(6): 50-56
JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY ENGINEERING. 2009. 16(3): 155-160

Materials and Method Graphite flakes were purchase from Asbury Carbon.
Nano Materials Science. 1 (2019) 31-47
Chemistry of Materials. 14 (2002) 2004-2010
Materials Letters. 93 (2013) 393-396
Materials Letters. 89 (2012) 180-183

Design and Analysis of a Novel Permanent Magnet Arc Guideway Motor Gong Zhang1,a, Kun Wang 1,2,b, Yinpin Wang1,c, Xuefeng Zhou1,d, Xianshuai Chen*1,e, 1Precision Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China 2School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, China; agong.zhang@giat.ac.cn, bkun.wang@giat.ac.cn, cyp.wang@giat.ac.cn, dxf.zhou@giat.ac.cn exs.chen@giat.ac.cn Keywords: permanent magnet; arc guideway motor; magnetization; electromagnetic force Abstract: Based on the application drawback of the conventional motor reciprocating within certain angle, a novel permanent magnet arc guideway motor (PMAGM) is put forward which directly converts electrical current into limited angular moment, producing torque through a limited rotation angle of normally much less than ±180º.
Magnetization techniques In this paper, the PM material of PMAGM is adopted Nd2Fe14B material, giving a theoretical maximum energy product (BH)max up to 515 kJ/m3, as compared with ~64MGOe [8].
Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge financial support in part from the National Natural Science Foundation of the People's Republic of China (Grant No. 61204125).
[8] Brow and David: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 248 (2002), p. 432
Kruusing: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 234 (2001), p. 550.

Materials and Methods Experiment Design.
Besides the soldering processes, many process parameters could contribute to the soldering defects in lead-free wave soldering ,such as design of PCB, characters of PCB materials, components on PCB, operating specifications and so on.
Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2007,41(s2):53-57
Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2009,43(5):727-730
Electronic component & materials, 2006, 25(5):69-72

Semiconductor refrigeration technology [5]; Thermoelectric refrigeration which makes use of Peltire effect, the optimal coefficient of thermoelectric refrigeration materials is about 2.45*10-3/K, the refrigeration efficiency is equal to only 10% compared to the Carnot cycle efficiency, the refrigeration efficiency is still low relatively.
References [1] Hetsroni G, Mosyak A, Segal Z, et al:International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 5 (2002), No.16, p.3275-3286
[4] Lee D Y, Vafai K: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 42 (1999), No.9, p.1555-1568
Science, Vol. 285 (1999), p.703-706 [6] Lai Y, Cordero N, Barthel F, et al.
Liquid cooling of bright LEDs for automotiveapplications. in: Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on Thermal Investigationof ICs and Systems, Nice, France, 2006. p.80-85 [7] Sunho Jang and Moo Whan Shin: Member: Device and Materials Reliability, Vol. 8 (2008), No.3, p.561-564

The same flexural members, different structure form, it’s mechanical properties will be various greatly, so the author will use the Finite Element Method, based on reasonable stress-strain constitutive model of the material and the failure criterion of the composing materials, simulate and analise the mechanical properties of Square Steel Tubular High-strength concrete inner set CFRP round pipe flexural members.
This paper specifies it as Elastic brittle material to express it’s mechanical behavior.
Beijing: China Science Press,2000 [2] Li Guochang, Luo Jianglong.
Experiment on performance of high-strength concrete-filled square steel tube long columns with inner CFRP circular tube under axial compression[J] Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University: National Science,2009,26(2):21-25 [3] Liu Wei.
Seismic behavior of concrete-filled rectangular steel tubular columns under cyclic loading [J]Journal of Building Structures, 2000,21(2):2-11 [5] Yang Youfu,Han Linhai.