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Online since: June 2012
Authors: Long Jin, Yu Feng Peng, Si Hong Lin
There are a large number of materials of piezoelectric effect, materials used for manufacturing piezoelectric sensors at present are divided into three categories: piezoelectric crystal (quartz crystal most commonly used), piezoelectric ceramic (lead zirconium titanate PZT and barium titanate BaTiO3 commonly used) and new piezoelectric materials (PVDF commonly used ).
Disadvantages: small piezoelectric constant and low sensitivity compared with the piezoelectric ceramic materials, material price expensive.
New piezoelectric materials basically include two kinds.
Table 1 shows the comparison of some properties of several commonly used piezoelectric materials.
Table 1.Comparison of some properties of commonly used piezoelectric materials Materials Parameters density/ (kg·m-3) TC/(℃) ε11/ε0 ε33/ε0 d/(10-12C/N) resistivity/(Ω•cm) Quartz 2649 550 4.52 4.68 d11:2.31 d14:0.73 1014 PZT 7500-7955 193-490 425-1900 d33:80-593 1013 PVDF 1780 12 d31:23 1015 Appropriate choice of piezoelectric sensors requires the following consideration of the material [6, 7]: Conversion performance: The material should have larger piezoelectric constant.
Disadvantages: small piezoelectric constant and low sensitivity compared with the piezoelectric ceramic materials, material price expensive.
New piezoelectric materials basically include two kinds.
Table 1 shows the comparison of some properties of several commonly used piezoelectric materials.
Table 1.Comparison of some properties of commonly used piezoelectric materials Materials Parameters density/ (kg·m-3) TC/(℃) ε11/ε0 ε33/ε0 d/(10-12C/N) resistivity/(Ω•cm) Quartz 2649 550 4.52 4.68 d11:2.31 d14:0.73 1014 PZT 7500-7955 193-490 425-1900 d33:80-593 1013 PVDF 1780 12 d31:23 1015 Appropriate choice of piezoelectric sensors requires the following consideration of the material [6, 7]: Conversion performance: The material should have larger piezoelectric constant.
Online since: August 2018
Authors: Niwat Anuwongnukroh, Surachai Dechkunakorn, Kanin Nimcharoensuk
Mixed failure patterns were observed for all materials.
Until the 1980s, bracket which could be bonded directly to a tooth using of the acid-etch bonding systems was developed and reduced requirement of banding.1 This evolution has improved the overall treatment results because it improves esthetics, offers easier plaque removal and easier detection and treatment of dental caries by the practitioner.2 Many materials have been used in orthodontic bonding; however, light-cured systems offer a number of significant advantages in comparison with self-cured materials.
Mixed failure patterns were observed for all materials.
Louis, USA: Elsevier Science; 2005
British Journal of Orthodontics 1975; 2(3):171-78
Until the 1980s, bracket which could be bonded directly to a tooth using of the acid-etch bonding systems was developed and reduced requirement of banding.1 This evolution has improved the overall treatment results because it improves esthetics, offers easier plaque removal and easier detection and treatment of dental caries by the practitioner.2 Many materials have been used in orthodontic bonding; however, light-cured systems offer a number of significant advantages in comparison with self-cured materials.
Mixed failure patterns were observed for all materials.
Louis, USA: Elsevier Science; 2005
British Journal of Orthodontics 1975; 2(3):171-78
Online since: August 2013
Authors: I.N.G. Wardana, M. Lawes, K.J. Hughes, Slamet Wahyudi, Nurkholis Hamidi, Willyanto Anggono
Introduction
Biogas, an alternative fuel that is both sustainable and renewable is produced from anaerobic fermentation of organic material in digestion facilities [1,2,3].
Journal of Applied Sciences Research 2012;8:4126-32
Journal of Physics Conference Series 2013; 423:012015(1-7) [3] Cacua K, Amell A, Cadavid F.
International Journal of Academic Research 2011;3(2):705-8
Design and performance evaluation of biogas stove for community cooking application, International Journal of Sustainable Energy 2010;29:116-23
Journal of Applied Sciences Research 2012;8:4126-32
Journal of Physics Conference Series 2013; 423:012015(1-7) [3] Cacua K, Amell A, Cadavid F.
International Journal of Academic Research 2011;3(2):705-8
Design and performance evaluation of biogas stove for community cooking application, International Journal of Sustainable Energy 2010;29:116-23
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Er Yu Zhu, Xue Min Li, Yong Zheng Zhou, Yue Hong Qin
Both sides and ends of the simply-supported box beam are enclosed with insulation materials, and moved together, forming a moving wall for steam curing shed.
Hanson: ACI Journal, Vol. 60, NO.1 (1963), p 75-100
Klieger: ACI Journal, , Vol. 54, NO.12 (1958), p1063-1081
Fapohunda, Jennifer Natale: ACI Journal, Vol. 91, NO.1 (1994), p 63-66
Higginson: ACI Journal, Proceedings, Vol. 58, NO.3 (1961), p281-298
Hanson: ACI Journal, Vol. 60, NO.1 (1963), p 75-100
Klieger: ACI Journal, , Vol. 54, NO.12 (1958), p1063-1081
Fapohunda, Jennifer Natale: ACI Journal, Vol. 91, NO.1 (1994), p 63-66
Higginson: ACI Journal, Proceedings, Vol. 58, NO.3 (1961), p281-298
Online since: March 2015
Authors: Godfrey Omonefe Ariavie, Joseph Oyetola Oyekale
“A Method of Quantitative Risk Assessment for Transmission Pipeline Carrying Natural Gas”- Journal of hazardous materials, Article 123, pp. 1-12
[2] Alex W.D and Vrijing J.K. (2009).
Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering and Science 2(2), April 2011.
An International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Dindigul, Volume 1.
“Application of Quantitative Risk Analysis to Code-required Siting Studies Involving Hazardous Material Transportation Routes”.
A Journal Presented at Center for Chemical Process Safety 17th Annual International Conference and Workshop Risk, Reliability and Security Jacksonville, Florida October 8-11, 2012
Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering and Science 2(2), April 2011.
An International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Dindigul, Volume 1.
“Application of Quantitative Risk Analysis to Code-required Siting Studies Involving Hazardous Material Transportation Routes”.
A Journal Presented at Center for Chemical Process Safety 17th Annual International Conference and Workshop Risk, Reliability and Security Jacksonville, Florida October 8-11, 2012
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Siti Aslina Hussain, Mohd Imran Rosly, Norhafizah Abdullah
Methodology
In the CFX-Multiphysics codes, there are a few procedures that need to be followed and the material properties need to be well defined.
The water properties are defined in the material library, however, Linamarin properties needed to be self-defined in the material library, which is assumed to be similar to water properties as depicted in Table 1.
Life Science, Vol. 60 (2003) p. 21-37
DeLuca: Polymer and Icrosphere Blending to Alter the Release of a Peptide from PLGA Microspheres, European Journal Pharm.
Karen: Production of Haloperidol-loaded PLGA Nanoparticles for Extended Controlled Drug Release of Haloperidol, Journal of Microencapsulation, Vol. 22 No. 7 (2005) p. 773 - 785 [11] Information on www.pharmainfo.net/reviews/controlled-released-system-review.
The water properties are defined in the material library, however, Linamarin properties needed to be self-defined in the material library, which is assumed to be similar to water properties as depicted in Table 1.
Life Science, Vol. 60 (2003) p. 21-37
DeLuca: Polymer and Icrosphere Blending to Alter the Release of a Peptide from PLGA Microspheres, European Journal Pharm.
Karen: Production of Haloperidol-loaded PLGA Nanoparticles for Extended Controlled Drug Release of Haloperidol, Journal of Microencapsulation, Vol. 22 No. 7 (2005) p. 773 - 785 [11] Information on www.pharmainfo.net/reviews/controlled-released-system-review.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Zhi Wu Zhu, Fei Shen, Shu Gang Li
The Study of Wireless Measurement System for Neuro-motor Reaction time
Li Shu Gang1, a, Zhu Zhi Wu2, b and Shen Fei1, c
1Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, China
2Environmental Management College of China, China
alishugang126@163.com, btyxbcg@163.com, clsg96@126.com
Keywords: Single chip acceleration sensor reaction time; measurement system wireless data transmission
Abstract.
Compared with the previous starting simulation of reaction time tester, not only can you directly, precisely have a test on the athletes starting reaction time on the sports ground, but also have an analysis and synthesis of the response time to promote research on players' reaction time and improve the training level of the athletes, in order to provide scientific reference material on the training and selection of the athletes.
Starting reaction time and the starting of this system is mainly used for players in the teaching of the reaction time of determination, the measured data to improve the training of athletes, creating outstanding results and sports materials and to improve the quality of sports training, physical training.
Miller, “A Model for the Multipath Delay Profile of Fixed Wireless Channels,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 17, pp. 399–408, March 1999. 2
Falconer, “Performance Evaluation of Candidate MAC Protocols for [3] LMCS/LMDS Networks,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 18, pp. 1261–1270, July 2000. 5
Compared with the previous starting simulation of reaction time tester, not only can you directly, precisely have a test on the athletes starting reaction time on the sports ground, but also have an analysis and synthesis of the response time to promote research on players' reaction time and improve the training level of the athletes, in order to provide scientific reference material on the training and selection of the athletes.
Starting reaction time and the starting of this system is mainly used for players in the teaching of the reaction time of determination, the measured data to improve the training of athletes, creating outstanding results and sports materials and to improve the quality of sports training, physical training.
Miller, “A Model for the Multipath Delay Profile of Fixed Wireless Channels,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 17, pp. 399–408, March 1999. 2
Falconer, “Performance Evaluation of Candidate MAC Protocols for [3] LMCS/LMDS Networks,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 18, pp. 1261–1270, July 2000. 5
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Peng Huang
The strength of the bolt is determined by clamping force, material and the fit clearance [2,3].
Yan, et al, “Prediction of fatigue performance of fastener holes with bolt clamping force based on critical plane approach,” Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 15 (2010), p. 3510-3514
Soutis, “A finite element stress analysis of aircraft bolted joints loaded in tension,” Aeronautical Journal, Vol. 114 (2010), p. 315
Soutis, “Estimating clamping pressure distribution and stiffness in aircraft bolted joints by finite-element analysis,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering, Vol. 7 (2009), p. 863-871
Yan, et al, “Prediction of fatigue performance of fastener holes with bolt clamping force based on critical plane approach,” Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 15 (2010), p. 3510-3514
Soutis, “A finite element stress analysis of aircraft bolted joints loaded in tension,” Aeronautical Journal, Vol. 114 (2010), p. 315
Soutis, “Estimating clamping pressure distribution and stiffness in aircraft bolted joints by finite-element analysis,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering, Vol. 7 (2009), p. 863-871
Online since: May 2007
Authors: L.N. Sun, H.X. Wang, L.G. Chen, Y.X. Liu
Micro-dissection technology that cuts off the submillimeter order sample is usually used to collect
pure material.
Tip radius is about 2μm and material is the hardened tungsten.
References [1] Fumihito Arai, Talaharu Amano and Toshio Hltuda: IEEE International Symposium on Micromechatronics and Human Science, (2000), pp.195~200
Wang: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, Vol.44 (2004), pp.1305~1310
[4] Shu Karube, Wataru Hoshino, Tatsuo Soutome and Keijin Sato: International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, Vol.37 (2002), pp.541~564
Tip radius is about 2μm and material is the hardened tungsten.
References [1] Fumihito Arai, Talaharu Amano and Toshio Hltuda: IEEE International Symposium on Micromechatronics and Human Science, (2000), pp.195~200
Wang: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, Vol.44 (2004), pp.1305~1310
[4] Shu Karube, Wataru Hoshino, Tatsuo Soutome and Keijin Sato: International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, Vol.37 (2002), pp.541~564
Online since: June 2011
Authors: Su Chen, Dong Xing Wang
There also should be heat insulation material installed on it.
Li: Journal of Liaoning Technical University, Vol. 23, No. 2 (2004), p. 208-210
Zhang: Logistics and Material Handling, No. 7 (2005), p. 67-73
[4] Zheyan Yuan: China Science and Technology Information, No. 23 (2005), p. 143-144
Chen: Journal of Transducer Technology, Vol. 20, No. 3 (2001), p. 33-38
Li: Journal of Liaoning Technical University, Vol. 23, No. 2 (2004), p. 208-210
Zhang: Logistics and Material Handling, No. 7 (2005), p. 67-73
[4] Zheyan Yuan: China Science and Technology Information, No. 23 (2005), p. 143-144
Chen: Journal of Transducer Technology, Vol. 20, No. 3 (2001), p. 33-38