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Table 1 Constitution of producing service for manufacturing enterprise developing manufacturing Sales trading Information Market research Information Communication Market research Communication E-commerce Communication Financial Venture Capital Insurance Capital allocation Insurance Service Accounting Tax service Funds transfer Online Payment Logistics Materials distribution Warehousing services Product Distribution Technology Feasibility study Intellectual property Technical Training Management consulting Equipment maintenance After-sales service Others Human Resource Human Resource Advertising Market planning Sales Training After-sales service training With the development of producing service industry, there are three typical operation modes of self-management service, service outsourcing and collaboration service.
However, producing service belongs to intangible product and has the characteristic of non-material.
JOURNAL OF TONGJI UNIVERSITY (NATURAL SCIENCE), 2009, 37(11): 1560-1564 (Ch)
Soft Science, 2007, 21(3): 34-36(Ch)

Here, the optimization corrugations include such requirements: 1) Before the yielding, web will not buckle. 2) Web is less demanding steel material, which can be measured by the parameter of s/q. 3) Except the high strength, the relatively high plastic properties are demanded.
In this table, τw=web thickness of actual measurement, τt=shear strength from tests, τy=shear yield strength of web’s material, τE=lesser shear strength from equation 1~3, τEC3= lesser shear strength from Eurocode 3, and τFEM=shear strength from finite element method.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51008284).
Driver: Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 133(2007), p.347
Edlund: Journal of Thin-Walled Structures, Vol.26(1996), p.19

Control of PLC for Paving stock Mechanism of New-type Machine Tool about Rapid Prototyping Manufacturing for Ceramic Parts Dong-qiang Gao , Zhen-ya Tian, Fei Zhang (Institute of Mechanical & Electrical, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China) gaodq@sust.edu.cn zhangfei0923@yahoo.cn Key words: rapid prototyping manufacturing; ceramic parts; paving stock mechanism; PLC Abstract： With the development of the rapid prototyping manufacturing for ceramic parts, it is possible to shorten the manufacturing period of ceramic parts and improve the enterprise’s productivity efficiency.
However, there are still some shortcomings, such as expensive equipment, large investment, and serious waste of materials and so on.
It possesses many advantages, like low cost, small investment scale, extensive raw material and good performance.
Automatic control refit of boring machine based on PLC [J].Journal of Engineering Design, 2005, 12(3): 182-184
Journal of Engineering Design, 2006, 13(6): 387-391

Methods and material The apple harvest robot always needs a vision system in undetermined orchard environments to obtain image information of target apple.
Foglia, Giulio Reina, Agricultural robot for radicchio harvesting, Journal of field robotics, 23(6/7), pp: 363-377, (2006)
[3] Jinliang Guo, Dean Zhao, Wei Ji, etc., Design and control of the pen apple-picking-robot manipulator, 2010 3rd IEEE International conference on computer science and information technology, 2:5-8, (2010)
[6] Wei Li, Ji Li, Junxiong Zhang, etc., Optimization design and simulations of the apple picking robot arm, Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 35(6), pp: 721-726, (2009)
[9] Yu Chai, Yanchun Li , The design and applied research of robot performance testing platform, Applied mechanics and materials, 20(23), pp: 135-140, (2010).

Simulation and Evaluation of Wind-induced Displacements of the Giant Airship in its Outbound Process Gaijuan Wang1,a, Yuanying Qiu1,b, Xinwen Zhao2 1Key Lab of Electronic Equipment Structure Design of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071, China 2National Defense Science and Technology Key Lab of Airfoil Cascade Aerodynamics，the Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072, China 1,ajuangaiwang@163.com, 1,byyqiu@mail.xidian.edu.cn, 2Zhaoxw060253@mail.nwpu.edu.cn Keywords: Airship; Fluid dynamics; Wind load; Finite element; Simulation of displacement Abstract.
Some researches on airships have been reported at home and abroad which mainly centered on manufacturing materials of airship envelope [1], modeling and motion simulation [2]-[5], stability and controllability [6] etc.
Assumed that the cable material conform to Hooke's law, according to which prestress is translated into initial strain and applied to the cable in the definition of real constant.
MOUTINBO: AIAA Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics, Vol. 31(2008), p.443 [4] Y.
MEYER: Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 30(2007), p.1691 [5] A.

Table.1 Material Properties of Skin and Strap E(GPa) σ0.2 (MPa) σb (MPa) skin 65 307 429 strap 71 338 463 Fig3 Comparison of experimental and analytical Residual strength Summary (1) Once a large amount of widespread fatigue damage happens, it could have a significant influence on the residual strength of a structure.
References [1] J.Daniel, P.E.Groner:US Air Force Aging Aircraft corrosion, 38th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference and Exhibit, Forum, Kissimmee, FL, Apr. 7-10, 1997
Journal of Mechanical Strength, Vol. 26(2004), p. 254 [4] X.Z.Nie : A Experimental Verification Approach of Stress- Intensity Factor for Multiple Site Cracks of Stiffened Panel, Journal of Mechanical Strength, Vol.26(2004),p. 107
[7] X.R.Wu: Stress-Intensity Factor Handbook(Science Press, Beijing 1993)

To realize the dynamic simulation, the model is discretized, and then the dynamic equation can be used as follows: (2) where: and are the acceleration vector and velocity vector of nodes in the system; M, C, K and Q(t) are the mass matrix, damping matrix, stiffness matrix and joint load vector, which are constituted by unit matrix and vector respectively, (3) where: ρ is density of material, μ is damping coefficient, B is element strain matrix, D is elastic matrix, N is unit shape function matrix, f is unit volume force, T is border forces.
* The financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of P.R.
Zhang: Experiment based finite element analysis on FS of harmonic drive, Journal of Machinery Transmission, Chinese, 10 0 4- 2539(2001) 02- 0016- 04, 2001
Zhang, 2006, Finite element analysis of FS cup in harmonic drive, Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2006, Vol.42: pp.52-55 [8] Oguz, K. and Fehmi, E., 2007, “Shape optimization of tooth profile of a FS for a harmonic drive by finite element modeling,” Materials and Design, 28, pp.441–447.

The test material was fractory copper porphyry ore from the Dexing Copper Mine of Jiangxi Province in China, and the copper bearing minerals were chalcopyrite, chalcocite, digenite, covellite, tetrahedrite, tennantite, bornite, as well as some oxide copper minerals such as malachite and cuprite.
Then using this intermediate with 1,2-propanediamine as raw materials, the target product N,N’-diethoxycarbonyl- N’’,N’ ’’-(1,2-propylidene) dithiourea was obtained by nucleophilic addition reaction.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the the National High-Tech Research and Development Plan of China (Grant No. 2007AA06Z122), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB613602) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51074183 and 50604016).
McGlashan: International Journal of Mineral Processing, Vol. 58 (2000), p. 15-33 [3] D.
Ralston: International Journal of Mineral Processing, Vol. 50 (1997), p. 227-242 [7] H.

The work material is prestretched aluminum alloy 2Al2T351, whose initial residual stress is -53.6Mpa along prestretched direction.
Acknowledgement The research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50675134).
Lo: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 142 (2003), pp. 665-675
Kumar: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 35 (2008) No.7-8, pp. 778-788

Griffin, et al, “Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Externally Blown Flap Configuration for Transport Aircraft,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol.45, No.1, January–February 2008: 172-184. ].
Lift augmentation comes from not only the downward deflected thrust, but also the jet-flap effects that result from the outward spreading of the jet flow over most of the flap span and the natural extension of the material flap by means of the jet sheet so formed.
The definition of engine fan and jet conditions is in reference of Jie’s work [[] Li, J., Li, F.W., and E, Q., “Numerical Simulation of Transonic Flow over Wing-Mounted Twin-Engine Transport Aircraft,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol., 37, No. 3, 2000, pp. 469-478. ].
For all span stations, the material flap elements are naturally extended by means of the jet sheet so formed, and the formative aerodynamic flaps will again contribute to the lift augment.
Acknowledgments This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No.11172240).