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It has been widely used in many physical phenomena in science and engineering.
Johnson-cook material model is used to simulate the material flow and Johnson-cook [11] damage criterion is considered to judge material damage.
The sign of the parameter is always negative which make sure that most materials experience a decrease in with increasing stress.
The work-peice material is AISI 316L which considers J-C material model and tool material is K313 with only thermal properties available (as in Table 1).
Vol.3 (2010), p. 527-530 [16] A.M.Goijaerts, L.E.Govaert, F.P.T.Baaijens, Evaluation of ductile fracture models for different metals in blanking, Journal of Material Processing Technology 110 (2001) 312-323.

Petrinic Solid Mechanics and Materials Engineering Group Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford Parks Road, OX1 3PJ, Oxford UK Abstract.
Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 168(1-2):155--164, 2004
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2012
International Journal of Solids and Structures, 27(9):1139--1153, 1991
Journal of Applied Mechanics, 35:379--386, 1968.

Because our basic science and technology fall behind other countries, wide-ranging developing occasion doesn’t occur.
Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics,2004,21(21)(in Chinese) [18] Fang Cunguang, Wang Wei.
Journal of System Simulation, 2004,16(11)(in Chinese) [20] Wang Haifeng, Song Bifeng, Wang Haiping.
Journal of System Simulation, 2006,18(5)(in Chinese) [24] Chen Lan, An Jingwen, Yang Changwei.
Journal of Projectiles, Rockets, Missiles and Guidance, 2007(2)(in Chinese) [28] Ou Yangjin.

Research in Toughening Wear-resistant of Alumina Ceramic Zhanshen Zheng1, a, Rong Yang1,b and Ruijiao Li1,c 1Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei, 063009, China azhengshanshen@163.com, byangrong0107@163.com, cqianjiaotong@163.com Keywords: Alumina ceramic.Toughening wear-resistant.
Among those material, SiO2, Na2O, K2O, CaO maybe are impurities in raw materials.
Particle size of SiC in raw materials is small.
Nano-SiC particles on the Al2O3-ZrO2 composite mechanical properties of ceramic materials[N].
Qingdao University Journal，Vol.16(3) (2003),p.32-36．

So looking for economical and practical materials for water treatment is imminent.Some researchers have studied on a number of low-cost materials such as coal, fly ash, agricultural wastes and biosorbents [7].
Steel slag is the discharge in the steelmaking process, which at a high temperature oxidize the elements such as C, Si, Mn, P and other elements of the furnace charge (mainly pig iron) by air or oxygen, and produce slag by the reaction of flux (mainly limestone).The sources of steel slag includes the oxides of elements in the furnace charge, the erosion of the lining and furnace materials, the impurities of the furnace charge and the specialized materials for adjusting the steel nature [9].And the steel slag’s chemical composition mainly includes CaO, SiO2, FeO, Fe2O3, Al2O3, MgO and so on, while the main mineral phases of it is vary by the change of basicity, but its composition is almost constant.
Materials and methods Materials.
Environmental Science and Technology,2000, (1): 10-12.
Journal ofEnvironmental Management, 2006, 81(4): 384-391

The biodegradable polymers have attracted much attention as environmental friendly materials to replace the petroleum based polymers.
As a result, this process requires purification to remove the unwanted materials from the product, which requires complex facilities [2].
Experimental Materials.
Negi: Progress in Polymer Science. 34 (2009) 99
Kokugan: Chemical Engineering Journal. 151 (2009) 342

Natural fibers contain cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and lignin and are rich in hydroxy1 groups; natural fibers tend to be strong polar and hydrophilic materials whilst polymer materials are a polar and exhibit significant hydrophobicity [5].
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 2, No 5, 2013, 805 – 812
Construction and Building Materials, 55, pp. 103-113
Effect of kenaf fibre modification on morphology and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane materials.
Materials Science and Engineering, C28, pp.1100–1111.

Introduction Composite materials are increasingly being used in the petroleum industry for both offshore and onshore applications.
However, in this shock tube design we focus our attention on composite materials with an operating pressure below 100bar.
JSME International Journal, Series B, 45, 1 (2002) 9-14
EURODYMAT 2006 - 8th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading, (2006) 977-982
Journal of Composite Materials 21 (1987) 834-55.

A kind of floating breakwater sheltering deep water aquaculture Xiaofei Cheng1,2, a 1 Marine Science and Technology School, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China 2 Fujian Research Institute of Communications Science and Technology, Fuzhou 350004, China axiaofeichengg@163.com Keywords: Floating breakwater; catamaran raft; wave-attenuating and oscillation-inhibiting device Abstract.
Each catamaran raft employs a box-shaped multi-ribbed beam-and-slab structure, and was constructed using high-performance concrete and ferrocement materials and internally filled with polystyrene foam plastics.
The internal rib frame and longitudinal members in each unit are ferrocement thin-wall members, to decrease the deadweight of the structure and the consumption of main materials; the side plates and head and tail closing plates are shaped vertically using high-frequency grouting of composite material ferrocement, as they are the places easiest to corrode under the direct wave impact and wave-splashing alternating dry-wet effect.
Each catamaran raft employs a box-shaped multi-ribbed beam-and-slab structure, and was constructed using high-performance concrete and ferrocement materials and internally filled with polystyrene foam plastics.
F., The application of the HDPE floating breakwater for healthy aquiculture, Journal of Fujian Fisheries, 4(2006), pp.32-35

The common grid of material is among 0.4 mm -0.8 mm.
Building material model.
Material of the wheel hub is SPCC-SD; the properties are shown in table 1.
Acknowledgement The financial Support of Shenzhen Plan for Science & Technology (No.JC200903180641A) is acknowledged.
Metal Working Technology(2008) No.8, p.80-82 [4] Zhou jie, Hu jianjun: Chinese Mechanical Engineering Vol.14 (2003) No.1, p.20-22 [5] VIKRAM V, BRAD K: Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology(2003) No.4, p.125-131 [6] Liu Yuqi, Li Zhigang: Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica.(2004) No.17, p.58-64 [7] F.K.