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Research on the weathering problems of Longmen Grottoes Tao Xu1, a, Wu Xiu Ding2, b 1Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, China 2Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China axutao.0420@163.com, bwuxiu-ding@163.com Keywords: Weathering, Damage, Limestone, Longmen Grottoes.
Contrastively, chemical and biological weathering take the material in and out of the fracture and change the chemical composition of rock, the fracture of rock is expanded and the strength of rock is decreased, which is helpful to the development of physical weathering.
For chemical weathering, resisting water is the most important, the main countermeasures are grouting and developing new weathering-resistant materials.
(In Chinese) [4] X.G.Wang and T.Peng: The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control.
(In Chinese) [7] J.Z.Zhang, L.C.Miao and Z.F.Yang: Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering.

The essential of buffer is to consume landing kinetic energy on the structure deformation of inner stroking material and gear.
At present in the world, general buffer mainly includes compressive stroking material, hydraulic stroking device, mechanical stroking device, magneto rheological damper.
Stroking material.
[3] Dengyun Yu, Jianzhong Yang: Spacecraft mechanics technology, China science technology press (2011)
[5] Jinbao Chen, Hong Yi, Jincai Zhao: Review of the development of soft-landing buffer for lunar explorations, Journal of Astronautics, 29(3) (2008)

Existing tank welding residual stress tests showed that, the welding residual stress of oil tank was close to the material yield strength [6], so appropriate inherent strain should be selected in analysis.
Longitudinal Weld Location 1 1 0.2 0 ------ 2 1 0.4 0 ------ 3 2 0.2/0.6 0 ------ 4 2 0.2/0.4 0 ------ 5 3 0.2/0.4/0.6 0 ------ 6 0 ------ 1 Circumferential Random 7 1 0.4 2 Circumferential Equispaced 8 1 0.4 10 Circumferential Equispaced Analysis Model Eight thin cylindrical shell models were established to estimate the effects of the weld form, circumferential weld number and location, longitudinal weld number to axial buckling stresses, which had the same geometry and material but different weld settings.
The material is Q235.
[3] Z P Chen, C L Yu, M Zeng, et al, in: Journal of Zhejiang University: Engineering Science, (2009), p. 1679, In Chinese
[4] P A Berry, J .M Rotter and R Q Bridge, in: Journal of engineering mechanics, (2000), p. 405

High-temperature Deformation Characteristics of a SA516GR70 Vessel Steel Zhenyi Huang1, a, Fuqiang Chen1, b,Ping Wang1,c 1school of material science and engineering, Anhui University of technology, China ahuangzhenyi@ahut.edu.cn, bcfq069024212@163.com, cwangping@ahut.edu.cn Key words: SA516GR70 vessel steel; high-temperature deformation; deformation temperature; strain rate; dynamic recrystallization Abstract :The single-directional and single-pass compression test were conducted on SA516GR70 vessel steel by a Gleeble-3500 thermal-mechanical simulator with the parameters of 800-1100 oC and 0.01-5 s-1.
Material and method SA516GR70 vessel steel continuous casting billet was used in the test.
Material & Heat Treament, 2010. 39(8): 23-28.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2007. 32(15): 3508-3518
Journal of Applied Physics, 1944,15( 1) : 22-32

Healey 1 1 Materials and Process Modeling Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185-1411 U.S.A. 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, King's College London, London, U.K.
If sufficient stored energy remains, the material may recrystallize by nucleating and propagating dislocation-free grains.
Subgrain boundary mobility in Eq. (2) is given by the exponential mobility function observed by Huang and Humphreys in aluminum: Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 3 M(θ) = kθc exp(−Q/RT) (4) where k = 3x10 -6 m4/Js, c = 5, and Q/RT = 26.9, as measured experimentally [9].
Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 5 (a) (b) (c) Figure 2.
Hatherly, Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena (Elsevier Science Inc., New York, NY, 1996)

(1) : ρs is resistivity [Ω • m], characterized the basic parameters of the conductive material resistivity ; | Z | is impedance modulus [Ω], expresses the impeditive functions of the cement soil under alternating current ; S is electrode cross-section area [m2]; l is the distance between electrodes [m].
As the complexity of geotechnical materials, work in this area should be further explored.
Journal of Guangxi University : Natural Science Edition, 2005,30 (3) : 221 - 224.
China Civil Engineering Journal, 2012,45 (4): 165 - 182.

Materials and methods Experimental material and equipment Preparation of sample solution Infinite M200 enzyme mark instrument (Switzerland Tecan), UV-2102PCS UV-Vis spectrophotometer (UNICO (Shanghai) instruments Co., LTD), pipette gun (Beijing Keeven Zhuoli Precision Equipment aviation instrument Co., Ltd), disposable culture plate (Zhejiang Gongdong Medical Technology Co.
Journal of chang 'an university: natural edition. 3(4): 214-217 (2006)
Chinese Journal of Pharmaceuticals. 24(43): 1863-1867 (2008)
Clinica Science, 84: 407-412 (1993)

Behaviors in residence reflects the contents and process of life essentially, which including the material contents such as dressing, eating and living, at the same time it also has the spiritual contents just like relaxing, thinking and imagining.
It researches on the relationship between human and all kinds of scales in material environment about human, and concentrate on the relationship between environment’s system and human’s system.
[2] Haiyong Zhu: Comparison of the Difference in the Area Allotment and Spatial Scale of Dwelling Type Between China and Japan, Architectual Journal Vol.4 (2008), p.92
[4] Zhimin Li, Yan Wang: Achitectural Environment and Behavior(Huazhong University of Science &Technology Press Co.Ltd., Wuhan 2009), p2-4, in Chinese
[5] Bin Li: Environment Behavior Theory and Expansion on Environment Behavior Studies, Architectual Journal Vol.2 (2008), p.30.

Furthermore with the development of semiconductor technology and new material, pyroelectric infrared sensor application is more wider than other types of sensor on the field of security and alarm, the passive pyroelectric infrared alarm system with pyroelectric infrared sensor has some advantages of no requirement of infrared source, high sensitivity and large controlling range, good concealment and mobile installation.
Passive pyroelectric infrared alarm system principle and structure Fitting Flow Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor Principle.Passive infrared detector is pyroelectric infrared sensor, on basis of pyroelectric effect, pyroelectric material temperature varies with infrared radiation to result in its spontaneous polarization change, so charge accumulates on the surface of pyroelectric material to form electrical signal output[1].In order to suppress interference resulting from environment and sensor’s own temperature change, in technology, two pyroelectric units which have the same characteristics connect in opposite series or in differential balancing circuit, so the sensor is compensated on basis of interference signal of opposite polarity and equal value canceling each other out.
References [1] LV Fan, “Pyroelectric Infrared Detectors Designed”,Journal of Langfang Teachers College(Naturnal Science Edition), vol.9, pp:62-64,2009
[6] DONG Ji-hong, BAIMing, LANG Pei, “Alarm system with pyroelectric infrared sensors”, JOURNAL OF TIANJIN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY. vol23,pp:72～74,2007.

Reinforce materials.
Cement-based inorganic grouting material was mainly used for reinforce, and high strength polyester would be used in special position. 525# ordinary portland cement mixed with XPM additive was used to compound cement paste.
Fig 8 shows the MGH instrument made in Shandong University of Science and Technology.
[3] Baoquan Cao, Guohua Guo and Shichao Lu: Journal of Wuhan University of Technology (Information and Management Engineering).
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, Vol.23 (2004), p 79~85.