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Finite Element Analysis of ROPS with Energy-absorbing Structure for Engineering Vehicles SuLi Feng 1,a , QiuJu Zhang 1,b and ZhiGang Tian 1,c 1Changchun Institute of Engineering a416946128@qq.com, b78660509@qq.com, c582072498@qq.com Keywords: Optimized; finite element analysis; generic algorithm Abstract This article addresses the design of ROPS model with energy absorbing structure based on dimensions of cross-section, mechanic properties and deformation pattern of ROPS.
In this article, a buffer and energy absorbing element has been designed based on mechanic properties and deformation pattern from energy absorption point of view while addressing multi-objective optimization of its structure. 1 Design for ROPS and its buffer and energy absorption elements Design for ROPS and its buffer and energy absorption element would need comprehensive consideration to be taken into mechanical properties of sides and top of ROPS.
Based on mechanical properties of ROPS as analyzed above, series of thin-walled energy absorbing tubes of rectangular sections will be arranged at top and sides of ROPS beams.
Thin-walled straight square tube model has been designed based on cross-section of ROPS, mechanical property and deformation pattern.
Factors Affecting the Finite Element Simulation of a ROPS Test of a Volvo Cab[D].

Possible factors which causes fracture of cubic hinge sleeve was analyzed preliminary.
In order to smooth mesh and without affecting the accuracy of the condition, the model is simplified, which is included by 2 points.
After discussion with experts, the reason of fracture in the hole and bottom of cubic hinge sleeve maybe include two factors.
Journal of Mechanical Strength.
China Mechanical Engineering.

Tang et al. [2] applied Taguchi method and ANOVA to minimize warpage on thin plate parts (120 mm length, 50 mm width and 1mm wall thickness) and to determine the most significant factor affecting warpage on the molded parts.
The properties of this material are shown in Table 1.
The best setting parameters and the most significant factors affecting warpage on front panel housing for both types of cooling channels then determined.
Meanwhile, Tables 5 and 6 shows the most significant factors affected warpage on front panel housing.
The numbers of experiment can be reduced by using Taguchi orthogonal array while the significant factors that affected the warpage on the molded parts can be determined using ANOVA.

To determine the stress intensity factor a numerical model was developed based on measured crack shapes, material properties and cyclic loading data of the actual tested specimen.
Sensors near the notch are affected with crack propagation in different way than sensor at the balk of the specimen.
Analysis results The experiment assumption was, that stress distribution is likely to be equal at the position of reference sensor (SG5), and mostly affected on position of strain gauges (SG1-SG4) behind notch.
However, it was necessary to prove it by numerical analysis of stress intensity factor (SIF) along the fatigue crack tip front which has been done.
This experimental research and investigation demonstrate capability of continuous flaw growth measurement during the operation on critical places of the mechanical construction.

Table 1: Basic properties of design materials Basic properties of materials Physical properties Mechanical properties Thermal properties Electrical properties Magnetic properties Optical properties Visual properties Strength elasticity and plasticity Fragility and tenacity Stiffness hardness Abradability Thermal conductivity Heat resistance Thermal expansion Flame resistance Fire resistance Electrical conductivity Electrical insulating property Strong magnetism Week magnetism Diamagnetism reflectivity Projectiveness Fefractiveness Quality Texture Color Chemical properties Corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance and weather resistance Mutual Promotion between Materials and Product Design On the one hand, the development of materials, especially the appearance of new materials, often brings implications and breakthroughs for product design.
In addition, the differences in natural attributes and mechanical properties have determined the dimensional restrictions of materials.
When the expression of color is carried by the material, as the first visual language, the color conveys feelings through the material and becomes an important factor affecting people's physical and psychological changes [5].
There are many factors affecting the price of new materials, and the output is one of them.
[5] Li Tingcui: Discussion on the Analysis and Application of Emotional Factors in Product Design.

The mechanical properties of the welded structures are directly related to the weldability of the steels, thus the estimation of the microstructural constituents in the weld and maximum hardness in the HAZ according to the welding process parameters represent a problem of great interest.
Introduction The mechanical properties of the weld like TS, YS, hardness and toughness plays a major role in designing metallic structures that are subjected to high loads in exploitation.
Establishing mathematical relations between welding parameters and mechanical properties of the weld is a great challenge due to numerously factors involved in the process and also due to the complex phenomena involved in the welding process.
(7) Five parameter logistic function Experimental observations showed that mechanical properties of welded steels e.g.
Main factors of influence for the microstructural changes in HAZ.

Meanwhile, ductile polypropylene fiber has stable chemical properties, high specific strength, and fiber bridging capacity.
As the concrete substrate has been stable, and RM has some shrinkage behavior, which will lead to the interface stress emerging between RM and the surface of the structure, thus affecting the interface bonding strength and the final durability of the structure with RM [10].
(Shenyang, China), its physical properties are shown in Table 3.
Kasal, Effect of alkali treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of coir fibres, coir fibre reinforced-polymer composites and reinforced-cementitious composites, Constr.
Sun, Bonding and toughness properties of PVA fibre reinforced aqueous epoxy resin cement repair mortar, Constr.

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to investigate the elastic properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs).
Their atomic makeup, growth, mechanical and electronic properties are being investigated.
However, conducting experiments in nano-scale is difficult, and the results would be affected by many factors.
Conclusion The present MD simulations show that CNTs have remarkable elastic properties.
However, those factors become insensitive when we do similar simulation on DWCNTs and TWCNTs.

A material's fracture toughness can also be affected by environmental factors such as humidity, temperature, and corrosion [4].
These fractures are induced by factors such as humid air, saltwater, and corrosive chemicals [6,7].
Many of these processes are also capable of affecting aluminium alloy and its composites [9, 8].
The corrosion environment has crucially affected the mechanical properties of the material.
The effect of hydrogen embrittlement on the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy.

Effect of several factors on properties and synthesis of superabsorbent Hao Ren1, 2, a and Juan Wang3, b 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong, China 250022 2Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, China 250022 3Chemical Plant, Jinan Iron and Steel Group Corporation, Shandong, China 250101 achm_renh@ujn.cn, boumeng@163.com Keywords: starch; grafting; synthesis; superabsorbent; water absorbency Abstract: A technical condition for the reaction of preparing superabsorbent is investigated.
The water cannot be easily pressed out by mechanical pressure.
Factors and optimal condition were studied.
Table1 Factors and levels of orthogonal test A B C D E m(acrylic acid)/m(starch) m(Initiator)/m(starch) pH Temperature [℃] Time [h] 1 5.0 0.005 5.5 25 1.5 2 5.5 0.010 5.8 30 2.0 3 6.0 0.015 6.1 40 2.5 4 6.5 0.020 6.4 50 3.0 Water absorbency test The simple screen method is widely used by most researchers, which weighed a certain quality (m1) of the product and placed in a beaker, added excess distilled water or saline.
It is significantly affected by ionization in the comonomer composition.