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The advantages of both smart materials and the effective control of smart structure can be obtained by the hybrid actuators.
[2] Nguyen Q and Tong L: Materials and Design, Vol. 28(2007), p. 387-399
[6] Lin J.C. and Nien M.H: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 189(2007), p. 231-236
[8] Xueren Zhang, Jingxu Nie and Yanliang Du: Journal of Composite Materials,Vol.16 (1999), p.147-151, in Chinese
[9] Jun Wang, Zhengneng Li and Junbing Wang: Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 21(2004), p. 142-146, in Chinese

References [1] W.F.Miao, D.E.Laughlin: .Journal of Materials Science Letters, 19 (2000) 201-203 [2] G.Dlubek, O.Brummer and P.Hautojarvi: Acta Metallurgica, 34[4], (1986) 661-667 [3] G.Dlubek, K.
Somoza, A.Dupasquier: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 135 (2003) 83-90 [7] A.
Somoza: Acta Materialia, 52 (2004) 4707-4726 [8] Zhao Y.H., Liao X.Z., Valiev R.Z. and Zhu Y.T., Enhanced Mechanical Properties in Ultrafine Grained 7075 Al Alloy, Journal of Materials Research, 20[2] (2005) 288-291 [9] Kulkarni A.J., Krishnamurthy K., Deshmukh S.P. and Mishra R.S., Effect of Particle Size Distribution on Strength of Precipitation-Hardened Alloys, Journal of Materials Research, 19[9] (2004) 2765-2773 [10] Lumley R.N., Polmear I.J. and Morton A.J., Control of Secondary Precipitation to Improve the Performance of Aluminum Alloys, Materials Science Forum, 396-402 (2002) 893-898 [11] Eskin D.G., Hardening and Precipitation in the Al-Cu-Mg-Si Alloying System, Materials Science Forum, 396-402 (2002) 1037-1042 [12] Cheng L.M., Poole W.J., Embury J.D. and Lloyd D.J., The Influence of Precipitation on the Work-hardening Behaviour of the Aluminum alloys AA6611 and AA7030, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 34 (2003) 2473-2481 [13] Schiffmann R.
, Haug J. and Banhart J., Evolution of Precipitates During Age Hardening of AW 6016 Alloy, Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys, (2004), 604-609 [14] Sauer C., Busongo F. and Littering G., Influence of Precipitate Free Zones on the Test Direction Dependence of Mechanical Properties of High Strength Aluminium Alloys, Materials Science Forum, 396-402 (2002) 1115-1120 [15] Qiang R.G., Stiller K., Hansen V., Oskarsson A. and Danoix F., Influence of Aging Conditions on the Microstructure and Tensile Strength of Aluminium Alloy 6063, Materials Science Forum, 396-402 (2002) 1211-1216 [16] Kang C.G., Youn S.W. and Park S.M., Effect of Applied Pressure and Heat Treatment Condition on Microstructure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of the Thixoforged 357 Aluminum Alloys, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 13[1] (2004) 55-59 [17] ASM Specialty Handbook, Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys, Materials Information Society, (1996)
[18] ASTM Standard, B557M Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum and MagnesiumAlloy Products, (2002) [19] Cai, M., Field D.P. and Lorimer G.W., A Systematic Comparison of Static and Dynamic Ageing of Two Al-Mg-Si Alloys, Materials Science and Engineering A, 373, (2004) 65-71 [20] Chakrabarti, D.J. and Laughlin, D.E., Phase Relations and Precipitation in Al-Mg-Si Alloys with Cu Additions, Progress in Materials Science, 49 (2004) 389-410 [21] Dorward, R.C. and Bouvier, C., A Rationalization of Factors Affecting Strength, Ductility and Toughness of AA6061-Type Al-Mg-Si-(Cu) Alloys, Materials Science and Engineering A, 254 (1998) 33-44 [22] Hirth, S.M., Marshall, G.J., Court, S.A. and Lloyd, D.J., Effects of Si on the Aging Behavior and Formability of Aluminium Alloys Based on AA6016, Materials Science and Engineering A, 319- 321 (2001) 452-456 [23] M.

Experimental Section Materials.
Shea: Journal of Materials Chemistry.
Koupparis: Journal of Separation Science.
Chen: Journal of Materials Chemistry.
Dinarvand: Journal of Applied Polymer Science.

Polymer materials are typical dielectrics.
Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers. 1(1), 59-84.
Journal of Materials Science. 1986, 21(9), 3002-3014.
Journal of Materials Science. 1994, 29(23), 6159-6166.
In: Electronic Properties of Materials.

There are many techniques to produce these silica materials, including supercritical drying, sol gel method, vapor-phase reaction and thermal decomposition technique.
Among these methods, the sol-gel method is a convenient and economic process for the synthesis of silica materials.
Experimental Sections Materials.
Shaibu: Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals Vol. 21 (2011), P. 7
Mello: Journal of Materials Science and Engineering.

Preparation and up-conversion luminescence of Yb3+and Er3+ co-doped BaF2 phosphor Liqun Cheng1, a, Guang Cheng2,b, Rui Dong 3,cand Xiyan Zhang4,d 1School of Photo-electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun,China,130022 2School of Foreign Languages, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun,China,130022 3School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun,China,130022 4School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun,China,130022 achengliqun2011@126.com, bchengguang2010
The up-conversion emission properties can be significantly improved for the Yb3+ and Er3+ co-doped up-conversion materials because of the large absorption cross-section of Yb3+ to 980nm coupled with an efficient energy transfer between Yb3+ and Er3+.However it is still a arduous task to improve the up-conversion efficiency of the up-conversion materials[10~11].
Experimental Yb2O3(99.99%, Er2O3(99.99% ), BaF2(99.0%,) were used as the starting materials.YbF3 and ErF3 were prepared firstly in the laboratory by using HNO3(99.0%) and HF(99.0%).Na2SiF6(99.0%) was added as the charge compensation agents and flux.
The raw materials were weighted in stoichiometric ratios.
Cui, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 179(3): p.955 (2006) [9] D.Q.

Study and Application on Quick Repair Materials for Concrete Pavement Ling Wang1,a, Fan Li1, Wenling Tian1 ，Pei Chen1 1Civil Engineering College, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin City, 300130 , China a Wlark@sina.com Keywords: Quick Repair Materials, Freezing Destroy, Polymer, Mechanical Property,Durability Abstract.
Raw materials and the ratio The technical nature of raw materials.
The impermeability test result of PMCM 1 Materials Items Ordinary Cement Mortar[mm] PMCM 1[mm] High seepage 48 0 Relative percentage 100 0 The frost-resisting of PMCM 1 was studied by frost-melt cycle test.
References [1] ZHOU liuguang: Sichuan Building Science vol.8(2006), P. 68~69.
In Chinese [2] YIN Jian: CHINA RAILWAY SCIENCE vol. 3(2005), P. 136~138 .In Chinese [3] TANG Min-hui: JOURNAL OF HARBIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY vol. 6(2003), p. 764~765.

These results play an important role in predicting strength and evaluating the lifetime of textile reinforced flexible composite materials with double edge notches.
Materials and experimental procedure The double edge notch tensile (DENT) specimens were made from plain weave polyester woven fabrics with a PVC coating.
In: Mechanics of Composite Materials, 1998, vol.34, issue 6, p. 525
In: Journal of Composite Materials, 1975, vol. 9, issue 4, p. 361
In: Journal of Coated Fibrous Materials, 1972, issue 1, p. 234

Experimental Materials Garnet is simply used for physical filtering to remove minute turbid matters and floating matters.
Acknowledgment “This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2011-0009227)” References [1] S.J.
Shah: Permeability of Cracked Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced under Load, ACI Materials Journal (2000), Vol. 99, No. 4, p. 379-385 [3] N.F.
Raghed: Strengthening of Concrete Beams Using Innovative Ductile Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Fabric, ACI Structural Journal (2002), Vol. 99, No. 5, p. 692-700 [4] B.
Shirai: Properties of Strength of the Polymer Cement Mortar Using Garnet Sand, Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering of Japan (1996), p. 865-866

Experimental Materials.
Ullmann: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Vol. 59 (2002), p. 499
Ma: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Vol. 52 (2000), p. 430
Abraham: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Vol. 64A (2003), p. 147
Zhang: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Vol. 63 (2002), p. 854