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During the cutting process, cutting material is removed in molten form
Applied Surface Science 242 (2005) 362-368 [3]B S Yilbas, The analysis of CO2 laser cutting.
Chinese Journal of mechanical engineering.2001.5:72-77 [6]William M.
Laser Material Processing [M].London:Springer-Verlag,1991: 73-99 [7]John C,Ion, Laser Proceesing of Engineering materials [M].
Introduction to Industrial Laser Materials Processing [M].Hamburg,2003

In addition, as brittle materials which can tolerate high energy beam are often used for the mirrors (fused silica, monocrystalline silicon, CVD-SiC, etc.) the development of an ultra-precision highly efficient mirror surface grinding method for brittle materials is a crucial task.
Grinding of Brittle Materials by ELID Grinding The ELID (Electrolytic In-Process Dressing) grinding method allows grinding performance to be maintained regardless of the abrasive size by implementing electrolytic inprocess dressing on metal-bond wheel [2]- [4].
Mirror surface grinding of brittle materials can therefore be realized with the use of micro abrasive wheels.
In studies on ultra-precision grinding of brittle materials, the depth of cut is controlled uniformly to levels smaller than sub-micron to realize grinding in the ductile mode.
Nakagawa: "Analysis of Mirror Surface Generation of Hard and Brittle Materials by ELID (Electrolytic In-Process Dressing) Grinding with Superfine Grain Metallic Bond Wheels", ANNALS of the CIRP, 44, 1, (1995) 287-290

Raw materials evaporated by resistance tungsten heaters and particles were formed by condensation of vapor in the gas.
Results and Discussion Colors of raw materials and particles prepared by IGC method were gray and black, respectively.
Figures 2(a) and 2(b) show XRD profiles of raw materials and particles, respectively, prepared by the IGC method.
The ZrO raw materials comprised � -Zr metal and monoclinic ZrO2 (m-ZrO2).
Fig. 2 XRD profiles of (a) raw materials, (b) ZrO2 particles prepared by the IGC method.

Citation & Copyright (to be inserted by the publisher ) Rapid Grain Growth Of Hot Extruded Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-(Sc) Alloy During Heat Treatment Dong-Woo Suh 1� , Sang-Yong Lee1, Jun-Yun Kang 2 and Kyu Hwan Oh 2 1 Materials Processing Department, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials 66 Sangnam-dong, Changwon, Kyungnam, 641-010, Korea 2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University Shinrim-dong, Kwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea Keywords: Al alloy, Grain growth, Heat treatment Abstract.
Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) (a) upper surface of S1 (b) center of S1 (c) upper surface of S2 (d) center of S2 Fig. 3 Microstructure of T6 treated bar Crystallographic details.
During the solution treatment, the orientation of fine equiaxed grains along extrusion axis is mostly <100>+<111> which is well known annealing texture of drawn FCC materials[6].
The orientation along the extrusion direction is around <110> which is not usual texture for drawn FCC materials.
References [1] P.C.Varley: The Technology of Aluminum and Its Alloys (Newnes-Butterworths, London 1970) [2] B.Lenczowski, R.Rauh, D.Wieser, G.Tempus, G..Fisher, J.Becker, K.Folkers, R.Braun and G.Lütjering: Aluminium, Vol.76 (2000), p.200 [3] D.W.Suh, S.Y.Lee, K.H.Lee, S.K.Lim and K.H.Oh: Proceedings of International Conference on Advanced Materials Processing Technology 2003 (AMPT2003), Dublin, Ireland, Vol.2 (2003) p.1626 [4] S.Gourdet and F.Montheillet: Mat.

This is because when the objects to determine the future of the material, its shape and its tone is closely related to the level of experienced people is not difficult to find some link between them.
Genetic algorithm applied in pattern recognition and neural network and image processing and machine learning and industrial optimization control and adaptive control and biological sciences and social sciences etc.
Acknowledgement Fund item: Hebei United University science study imbrues item(z201019).
Science publishing company.2003
Journal of Xi’an University of Technology (2001) Vol.17No.2

Effect of different ending fermentation technologies on microbial-stability of Italian Riesling low alcohol sweet white wine Yan Cui 1,a, Wen Lv 2,b, Jinfu Liu 1,c, Bujiang Wang1,d 1Department of food science and eningeering,Tianjin Agriculture University,Tianjin 300384,China 2Sino-French joint-venture dynasty winery ltd.300402,China acuiyan0218@yahoo,com.cn,blvwen0829@yahoo.com.cn,cnxylif@163.com,dwbjfood@sohu.com Keywords: Low alcohol wine, Microbial-stability, High voltage electrostatic field, Ultrasound.
In order to investigate effects of different ending fermentation technologies on microbial-stability and quality of low alcohol sweet white wine, with Italian Riesling grapes as raw materials, four ending fermentation technologies: single SO2 treatment, combined high voltage electrostatic field (HVEF)/SO2 treatment, combined ultrasound/SO2 treatment, and combined pasteurization/SO2 treatment were compared in yeasts lethality, enological parameters and sensory evaluation of the low-alcohol sweet white wines.The results showed that: the best ending fermentation technology was combined ultrasound (40Hz/20min)/SO2(40mg/L) treatment, which had higher total lethal rate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the wines treated in this way were rich in typical Italian Riesling grape variety flavor and attractive aromas, with a pleasant fruity taste and microbial stability.
Materials and methods Preparation of grapes and must.
Journal of Applied Bacteriology.

Introduction Granular particles are raw materials used in material, food, medicine, and feedstuffs.
Hao: Feed Processing Machinery and Technology, Chapter 7, pp. 178-180 (Science and Technology Document Press, China, 2001)
Zhang: Sichuan Ordnance Journal, (2009) No. 3, pp. 81-83

The Characteristics of Chemisorptions on Si (001) Surface Ying Tang Zhang, Jun fang Wu School of Science, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an, 710048, China Email: zhang-yingtang@163.com Keywords: The density of states,the characteristics of chemisorptions, Si (001) surface, forbidden bandwidth, Fermi level, pseudogap Abstract.
Introduction The characteristics of chemisorptions are important, alive, and growing, they are hot subject in material field [1].
SHEN :Materials Review, Vol. 20 (2006), p.116 [4] F.ZHANG, W.LI, S.Y.WEI:Journal of Henan Normal University Vol. 39 (2011), p.94 [5] K.

The Effect of the Numerical Wind Tunnel Simulation Results of Arched Roof for Different Turbulence Models Caihua Wang1, a, Jianfeng Wu 1, b and Weiling Wang2, c 1Qinhuangdao Campus, Northeast Petroleum University,No.550, HeBei Main Street West,Qinhuangdao,China 066004. 2 Hebei Career Technical College of Building Materials, Wen Yu Road in Haigang District,Qinhuangdao, China 066004.
The material parameters are using default values.
Reference [1] Yang, W., Gu, M.(2003).”The tall building 3-dimensional unsteady wind field numerical simulation.”J.Journal of Tongji University ( NATURAL SCIENCE EDITION ), Vol.31(6) (2003) , p. 647 -651

Both of the bio-carrier material, and the physical and chemical factors could influence the bio-fiom activity.
Materials and methods Reactors and bio-carriers Two identical flasks (effective volume: 500mL) was prepared as two parallel bio- films systems, two parallel bio-films systems added the same polyethylene plastic bio-carriers and the packed rate was about 30%.
Cao: Journal of Xuzhou Institute of Technology (Natural Sciences Edition) Vol. 27 (2012),p. 73-77 [2] W.