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Masmoudi et al. [1] investigated embedding a piezoceramic sensor in an E-glass fibre composite laminate.
De Rosa et al. [4] used PVDF as an AE sensor for in-situ monitoring of the mechanical behaviour of glass/epoxy laminates.
A similar effect was seen by Hamstad et al.[7] when using Aluminium coupons.
References [1] Masmoudi, S., el Mahi, A., & Turki, S. (2015).

As the ingot is withdrawn from the bottom of the mold, water jets impinge on the surface, directly cooling and completely solidifying the ingot [2]. 7B50 aluminum alloy is a kind of precipitation hardening Al-Cu-Zn-Mg alloy, with a vast number of applications in the aerospace industry.
The peculiar chemistry of this alloy makes a highly depleted eutectic of the Al-Cu-Zn-Mg phases.
Segupta et al.[11] reviewed the previous work on the modeling and simulating of the direct chill casting process.
The resulting total strain vector, { }ε∆ , may be expressed as follows: { } { } { } { } { }CTpl th el εεεεε ∆+∆+∆+∆=∆ (3) Where { }elε∆ is the elastic strain increment vector, th ε∆ is the thermal strain increment vector, { }plε∆ is the plastic strain increment vector and { }CTε∆ is the creep strain increment vector.

Yoshida et al. [1, 2] proposed a series of springback models for single and double sided clad material that indicated the influence of cladding thickness on the final curvature during stretch bending.
The other influencing factor highlighted by Yoshida et al. [1, 2] was cladding strength.
A.El-Domiaty, M.
Al-Ansary, Determination of Stretch-Bendability of SheetMetals.

Multi-Level Storage in Lateral Phase-Change Memory: from 3 to 16 Resistance Levels You Yina, Rosalena Irma Alipb, Yulong Zhang, Ryota Kobayashi, and Sumio Hosakac Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan ayinyou@gunma-u.ac.jp, bt11802272@gunma-u.ac.jp, chosaka@el.gunma-u.ac.jp Keywords: phase-change memory, lateral structure, multi-level storage Abstract.
SiO2 SiN TiN EC Al Al ZnS-SiO2 20-nm TiN 180-nm STN 30-nm TiN 120-nm STN L (c) Fig. 1 (a) A proposed multi-level (e.g., three-state) PCM device with two PC layers (PC1 and PC2) of different thicknesses (th1 and th2).
Zuliani: et al.

In this regard, Wang et al. [10] have developed methods for woven fibres to use RVE with periodic boundary conditions for finite element analysis in micro and meso scales.
Mina, “Influence of Incorporation of Natural Fibers on the Physical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Composites LDPE-Al Reinforced with Fique Fibers,” Int.
Reyes Herrera, “Análisis de integridad estructural de tuberías de material compuesto para el transporte de hidrocarburos por elementos finitos,” Rev.
Lomov et al., “Textile composites: Modelling strategies,” Compos. - Part A Appl.

The individual analyzes obtained by EDX in gray region showed the presence of Al and Zr chemical elements.
The images obtained by EDX for the Al and Zr chemical elements (Fig. 3) evidence homogeneous dispersions of zirconium and aluminum in the sintered ceramics.
a) b) Fig.3 EDX images obtained by image scanning of the characteristic fracture surface of the sintered ceramic composite, showing the distribution of chemical elements where the light elements are: a) Al and b) Zr.
[2] E.L.

Study of the Etching Processes of Si [1 0 0] Wafer using Ultra Low Frequency Plasma Ahmed Rida Galaly1,2,a, Farouk Fahmy Elakshar3 and Mohamed Atta Khedr4 1Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni - Suef University, Beni- Suef, Egypt 2Science and Engineering Department, Community College, Umm Al- kura University, 175 Makka, KSA 3Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Egypt 4Laser System Department, National Institute of Laser Science, Cairo University, Egypt aahmed_galaly@yahoo.com Keywords: Ultra low frequency plasma, Ion etching, Si Abstract.
Akshar, Comparison between experimental and theoretical consideration for three different schematics plasma reactors, 8th International Scientific Conference Environment, Development, and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 26 – 28 March 2012, Cairo, Egypt
El Akshar, " Characterstics of ultra low frequancy plasma (ULFP) producing cathode etching process", International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Advances in Engineering (IJMRAE), as accepted paper will be published in Vol. 5,No.I, Jan 2013

The three dimensional El-Centro earthquake acceleration time series is selected as the input acceleration, in which the three peak accelerations of the time series in both horizontal and vertical directions are ax =2.1014m /s2, ay =3.4170m /s2, az =-2.0635m /s2, respectively [13].
Shen., et al.
Imai, et al.
Orawa, et al.

Based on Maziah et al. (2002), Malaysian Public Work Department (PWD) had a study on concrete deterioration in Malaysian environmental conditions [5].
The test was conducted using digital compression machine, model UTS-AD 200/EL in accordance to BS EN 12390-3 (2002).
This result was in agreement with Rao et al. (2009), who mentioned that an addition of fibers improves the characteristics of the SIFCON specimens [1].
The same findings were recorded by Pawade et al. (2011) who has reported that UPV readings of FRC with silica fume increased as the percentage volume of steel fiber is increased [7].

This finding is in agreement with Huang et al.'
Al-Qadi, H.
Al-Oraimi, F.
El-Chabib and V.C.