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Online since: September 2014
Authors: P.T.A. Santos, P.T.A. Santos, Joelda Dantas, P.M.A.G. Araújo, A.C.F.M. Costa
This process enables these materials, the reduction of toxicity, biological compatibility and antimicrobial activity [8-9].
The determination of the phases, crystallinity and crystallite size of the Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 ferrite combustion reaction before and after the silane was determined from the diffraction data using a Shimadzu X-ray diffractometer (XRD model 6000, radiation Cu Kα).
In this work, after the nanoparticles are silanized with a silane agent 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane were observed 11% reduction in crystallinity and a 4% decrease in crystallite size, which has also been attributed to the presence of amorphous phase of the silane.
However, since this reduction was slightly found that the presence of silane agent did not alter the structure of ferrite.
For the ferrites silanized (NAPTs) the presence of the silane agent caused a reduction in basal crystallite size to reflections identified.
The determination of the phases, crystallinity and crystallite size of the Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 ferrite combustion reaction before and after the silane was determined from the diffraction data using a Shimadzu X-ray diffractometer (XRD model 6000, radiation Cu Kα).
In this work, after the nanoparticles are silanized with a silane agent 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane were observed 11% reduction in crystallinity and a 4% decrease in crystallite size, which has also been attributed to the presence of amorphous phase of the silane.
However, since this reduction was slightly found that the presence of silane agent did not alter the structure of ferrite.
For the ferrites silanized (NAPTs) the presence of the silane agent caused a reduction in basal crystallite size to reflections identified.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Mou Jia
The paper discusses the reduction of carbon taxes of the energy saving projects.
For example: the historical data show that the annual energy price indices are i1, i2, ……, in-1, in, then the price index can be calculate in formula 4
Here is the relevant data: the flow rate of heat medium water is 500 [t/h], the temperature of the intake gas separation unit is 85 degrees, the temperature of the outlet gas separation unit is 65 degrees, the pressure of the low-pressure steam is 0.8 [MPa], and the temperature of the low-pressure steam is 295 degrees.
The historical data of price indices of coal is in table 2.
Discussion The analysis just considered the coal saved due to the reduction of steam.
For example: the historical data show that the annual energy price indices are i1, i2, ……, in-1, in, then the price index can be calculate in formula 4
Here is the relevant data: the flow rate of heat medium water is 500 [t/h], the temperature of the intake gas separation unit is 85 degrees, the temperature of the outlet gas separation unit is 65 degrees, the pressure of the low-pressure steam is 0.8 [MPa], and the temperature of the low-pressure steam is 295 degrees.
The historical data of price indices of coal is in table 2.
Discussion The analysis just considered the coal saved due to the reduction of steam.
Online since: July 2013
Authors: Li Xiang Lu, Hong Ying Yu, Dong Bai Sun, Wan Heng Lu
allx2242@126.com, bhyyu@ustb.edu.cn(corresponding author), cdbsun@mater.ustb.edu.cn,dluwanheng@gmail.com
*Corresponding Author: Hongying Yu, Professor, Corrosion and Protection Center, University of Science &Technology Beijing,
Tel: 86-10-62332548, FAX: 86-10-62332567, email: hyyu@ustb.edu.cn
Keywords: Co-Ni nanomaterial; soft template; 1D structure; magnetic property
Abstract: Co-Ni alloy nano array was formed in applied magnetic field via liquid phase reduction method using different surfactants as soft templates.At last, The microstructure and the size of Co-Ni alloy nano-powder were illustrated with FESEM, and the powder’s composition was analyzed by XRD.
All the reflection peaks could be indexed entirely to the face-centered cubic(fcc)structure of Co or Ni.Three peaks all correspond to the diffraction from the {111}, {200}, {220} facets, and these statistics are in good agreement with the reported data{JAPDS File No.04-0850 Ni,No.15-0806 Co}, and there are no impurity peaks, so we can say that the powders we made were pure.
The XRD pattern also shows that, the more contents of the Ni in the powders,the higher the intensity of the peaks,which indicates that Co-Ni alloy nano-powders have preferred orientation; Because there are no PDF data cards which can correspond to CoNi alloy in the JCPDS database.
Through the analysis of data, the linear Co-Ni nanoalloy powders has the highest coercivity of the three, which can reach 313.67 Oe.
Conclusions In summary, we have got Co-Ni nanoalloy powders via liquid phase reduction method using different surfactants as soft templates.
All the reflection peaks could be indexed entirely to the face-centered cubic(fcc)structure of Co or Ni.Three peaks all correspond to the diffraction from the {111}, {200}, {220} facets, and these statistics are in good agreement with the reported data{JAPDS File No.04-0850 Ni,No.15-0806 Co}, and there are no impurity peaks, so we can say that the powders we made were pure.
The XRD pattern also shows that, the more contents of the Ni in the powders,the higher the intensity of the peaks,which indicates that Co-Ni alloy nano-powders have preferred orientation; Because there are no PDF data cards which can correspond to CoNi alloy in the JCPDS database.
Through the analysis of data, the linear Co-Ni nanoalloy powders has the highest coercivity of the three, which can reach 313.67 Oe.
Conclusions In summary, we have got Co-Ni nanoalloy powders via liquid phase reduction method using different surfactants as soft templates.
Online since: August 2006
Authors: Sayuri Matsuoka, Satoru Takahashi, Masayuki Yoshiba, Yoshio Harada, Wataru Kakuta
On the
contrary, it was revealed that the dynamic fatigue loading tends to cause a significant failure life
reduction of TBC systems both in air and in corrosive environments.
The thermal-insulating layer is able to provide the temperature reduction of the metallic alloy substrate which results in the improved component durability, and alternatively in the efficiency increase by allowing an increase of the turbine inlet temperatures [1].
The data for Mar-M247 (MB) in air are drawn merely as the trend curves for references.
There was hardly the rupture life reduction of TBC systems in corrosive environments.
In particular, the rupture life reduction of TBC systems was more pronounced in gaseous atmosphere.
The thermal-insulating layer is able to provide the temperature reduction of the metallic alloy substrate which results in the improved component durability, and alternatively in the efficiency increase by allowing an increase of the turbine inlet temperatures [1].
The data for Mar-M247 (MB) in air are drawn merely as the trend curves for references.
There was hardly the rupture life reduction of TBC systems in corrosive environments.
In particular, the rupture life reduction of TBC systems was more pronounced in gaseous atmosphere.
Online since: October 2018
Authors: Vladimir I. Matiukhin, Y.G. Yaroshenko, K.V. Bulatov
By comparing these data, we estimated directions for improving the gas distributing system.
It follows from the analysis of the above data that the maximum pressure drop and, consequently, maximum power consumption of the fan (~75% of the total consumption) and the same power consumption of the exhaust fan is formed in the distributing unit when air flows from the tuyeres and in the work space of the furnace.
Taking t′′ =T′ = 700-750°С [6, 7] and using data on gas temperatures at the stockline level, it is possible to determine the values of the ratio Wg /Wb over the vertical areas of the internal volume of the furnace.
The values Wg /Wb for these thermal zones were calculated with the use of the data given in the work [2].
Due to this, the equal conditions were created for development of heat and mass exchange processes in the work space of the shaft furnace in accordance with the data given in Table 2.
It follows from the analysis of the above data that the maximum pressure drop and, consequently, maximum power consumption of the fan (~75% of the total consumption) and the same power consumption of the exhaust fan is formed in the distributing unit when air flows from the tuyeres and in the work space of the furnace.
Taking t′′ =T′ = 700-750°С [6, 7] and using data on gas temperatures at the stockline level, it is possible to determine the values of the ratio Wg /Wb over the vertical areas of the internal volume of the furnace.
The values Wg /Wb for these thermal zones were calculated with the use of the data given in the work [2].
Due to this, the equal conditions were created for development of heat and mass exchange processes in the work space of the shaft furnace in accordance with the data given in Table 2.
Online since: August 2022
Authors: Mohsen A. Hassan, Joseph Konadu Boahen, Samir A. Elsagheer Mohamed, Ahmed S.G. Khalil
Data such as domain thickness, number of layers, number of elements, number of nodes, number of integration points are then inputted.
INPT also initialize matrices that would be required to store values later in the program and finally reads in material data from an excel file which contains the energy and attenuation data from the XCOM database.
Thus from the results it becomes needless to analyze the shielding capabilities of materials with the Monte Carlo technique when the attenuation coefficients and other radiation properties of the material are readily known or can be obtained from theoretical data bases such as the NIST XCOM data base for photon crossections [9].
Linear Attenuation coefficients were calculated using the XCOM data base.
This is as a result of the reduction in the attenuation coefficient of the materials due to increase in the photon energy shown in Table 1.
INPT also initialize matrices that would be required to store values later in the program and finally reads in material data from an excel file which contains the energy and attenuation data from the XCOM database.
Thus from the results it becomes needless to analyze the shielding capabilities of materials with the Monte Carlo technique when the attenuation coefficients and other radiation properties of the material are readily known or can be obtained from theoretical data bases such as the NIST XCOM data base for photon crossections [9].
Linear Attenuation coefficients were calculated using the XCOM data base.
This is as a result of the reduction in the attenuation coefficient of the materials due to increase in the photon energy shown in Table 1.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: U.K. Zhapbasbayev, G.I. Ramazanova, Z.K. Sattinova
The heat of aggregate transition of the beryllia slurry is found by experimental data and is equal to Hk=7800 J/kg [4].
Discussion of the Calculated Data Calculations were carried out for the slurry with account of rheological properties before and after ultrasonic exposure.
According to the experimental data, change in aggregate state takes place at the temperature of θf=55℃.
Calculation data confirm the experimental fact that, ultrasonic exposure, raising the fluidness of the slurry, reduces the molding velocity during the formation process to get ceramic fabrications.
Calculation data for without ultrasonic exposure (Fig.3a) and with ultrasonic exposure (Fig.3.b) here are also shown.
Discussion of the Calculated Data Calculations were carried out for the slurry with account of rheological properties before and after ultrasonic exposure.
According to the experimental data, change in aggregate state takes place at the temperature of θf=55℃.
Calculation data confirm the experimental fact that, ultrasonic exposure, raising the fluidness of the slurry, reduces the molding velocity during the formation process to get ceramic fabrications.
Calculation data for without ultrasonic exposure (Fig.3a) and with ultrasonic exposure (Fig.3.b) here are also shown.
Online since: September 2015
Authors: Ahmad Farid Abidin, Kamarulazhar Daud, Harapajan Singh Nagindar Singh
Other research used ANOVA to identify significant difference between the actual data and three forecasting methods for on time series dataset [9].
ANOVA is used as the feature selection for the PQD features data set.
Feature selection by ANOVA: feature reduction after ANOVA analysis.
Schincariol, Local s-spectrum anaysis of 1-D and 2-D data, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, vol.103,pp.329-336, (1997)
Panigrahi, Advanced signal processing technique for feature extraction in data mining, International Journal of Computer applications, vol.19, no.9,pp.30-37, (2011)
ANOVA is used as the feature selection for the PQD features data set.
Feature selection by ANOVA: feature reduction after ANOVA analysis.
Schincariol, Local s-spectrum anaysis of 1-D and 2-D data, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, vol.103,pp.329-336, (1997)
Panigrahi, Advanced signal processing technique for feature extraction in data mining, International Journal of Computer applications, vol.19, no.9,pp.30-37, (2011)
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Hui Lv, Xin Jile Tu Yang, Bi Li Ge Yang, Wei Hong Han
And foreign scholars have conducted a lot of researches to analyze the impact of a carbon tax reduction on the economy [4-7].
Reduction of indirect tax rates causes the production department to reduce the product cost, and product price will fall further.
According to the consolidation of model-sector methods to merge corresponding data, and specific calculation results are shown below.
Imposing a carbon tax has a positive effect on the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions intensity.
And reduction effect is shown in figure 1.
Reduction of indirect tax rates causes the production department to reduce the product cost, and product price will fall further.
According to the consolidation of model-sector methods to merge corresponding data, and specific calculation results are shown below.
Imposing a carbon tax has a positive effect on the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions intensity.
And reduction effect is shown in figure 1.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Yi Qiang He, Na Wang, Zhen Hua Chen
The pressing procedure is repeated until the necessary pressing reduction is obtained.
The flat preforms were also compacted with 10~30% of thickness reduction rate in a single pass.
The pass reduction was about 10%.
This will lead to reduction of plasticity and strength of the composite.
%SiCP composite Materials σb /MPa σ0.2/MPa δ/% As-deposited 160 ― 0 As-wedge pressed 310 240 4.5 As- extruded 390 310 2.5 As-rolled after wedge pressing 520 450 6.5 Every datum in the table was taken an average of five data.
The flat preforms were also compacted with 10~30% of thickness reduction rate in a single pass.
The pass reduction was about 10%.
This will lead to reduction of plasticity and strength of the composite.
%SiCP composite Materials σb /MPa σ0.2/MPa δ/% As-deposited 160 ― 0 As-wedge pressed 310 240 4.5 As- extruded 390 310 2.5 As-rolled after wedge pressing 520 450 6.5 Every datum in the table was taken an average of five data.