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Influence of different crack propagation rate descriptions on the residual fatigue lifetime of railway axles Pokorný P.1, 2, a, Náhlík L. 1, b, Hutař P. 1, c 1Institute of Physics of Materials, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Žižkova 22, 616 62 Brno, Czech Republic 2Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic apokorny@ipm.cz, bnahlik@ipm.cz, chutar@ipm.cz Keywords: residual fatigue lifetime, fatigue crack, fatigue crack propagation, railway axle Abstract.
Nevertheless, the radius of the knee has restriction and satisfactory accurate fit for considered railway axle material is not possible. 3) Multilinear model: , (4) this approach fits the real v-K curve by several lines.
Two commonly used materials EA1N and EA4T steels were taken into account.
Schijve: Fatigue of structures and materials.
Náhlík: Numerical estimation of the fatigue crack front shape for a specimen with finite thickness, International Journal of Fatigue 39 (2012), p. 75 [5] NASGRO, Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue Crack Growth Analysis Software, Reference manual (2002)

Optimized Technical Characteristics of Polysilicon Nanofilm Xuebin LUa, Linhai CUI and Mingyuan REN Department of Integrate Circuit Design and Integrate System, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China alxbsw@126.com Keywords: Polysilicon Nanofilm, Technical Characteristics, MEMS.
Nanomaterial is a kind of material in which one of the material’s dimensions is in nanoscale (1-100nm).
Vol. 7(2009), p. 387 [2] ZhuJing, Wenzhi Jin: Nano Materials and Devices (Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, 2003)
[3] Chuai Rong-yan, Liu Xiao-wei and Huo Ming-xue: Chinese Journal of Semiconductors.
Vol. 27(2006), p.1230 [4] Lu Xue-bin, Liu Xiao-wei and Chuai Rong-yan: Advanced Materials Research.

The solid raw and production material were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to determine the optimal conditions. 2.
Experimental Equipment The experiment and analysis equipment used in this study are as follows:GSL-1600X40 tube resistance furnace ( Hefei Kejing Materials Technology CO.LTD );KM9106 complex fuel gas analyzer (KANE Company); D/max-3BPEX-P96 powder X-ray diffract meter ( Rigaku ). 3.3 Experiments in a tube furnace The experimental set-up is shown schematically in Fig. 1.
Acknowledgment Financial support for this project was provided by National Science Foundation of China (NSFC21176108) and Yunnan key laboratory of university of development, utilization and pollution control of coal resources (2011EB007).
References [1] Xiushan Yang,Zhiye Zhang,Xinlong Wang.Thermodynamic study of phosphogypsumdecomposition by sulfur, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics,2013,57:39-45
Kinetics and thermodynamics studies on the decompositions of phosphogypsum in different atmospheres，Advanced Materials Research. 2010, 160-162:842-848

Wellmann1,h 1Crystal Growth Lab, Materials Department 6 (i-meet), FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstr. 7, D91058 Erlangen, Germany 2Department of Physics/Center for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1048 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway alars.fahlbusch@fau.de, bmichael.schoeler@fau.de, cpatrick.matpat.mattle@fau.de, dsarah.schnitzer@studium.uni-erlangen.de, ehossein.khodamoradi@fau.de, fnaoya.iwamoto@smn.uio.no, gb.g.svensson@fys.uio.no, hpeter.wellmann@fau.de Keywords: SiC, solution growth, high temperature growth, metal free, surface morphology, Vertical Bridgman, Vertical Gradient Freeze Abstract.
Introduction In recent years, solution growth of bulk SiC material has faced a process revival.
At the same time, the Vertical Bridgman and in particular the Vertical Gradient Freeze technology has proved to be a reliable growth method for a number of other semiconductor materials that are naturally grown solely from the melt.
Duby, Journal of Phase Equilibria Vol. 20 No. 1 (1999) 61-63

They proposed a complete formulation of elastic-plastic analysis based on the principle of superposition and developed a numerical scheme to analyze the standard materials that exhibit a work-hardening nature.
In the present study, the numerical treatment of non-hardening material, that is, elastic-perfect-plastic material is discussed in detail.
Therefore, material yields if Y f zxyzxy xz zy yx ij =+++−+−+− = )} (6)()(){(21)( 222 2 2 2 τττσσσσσσ σ (6) is satisfied where Y is a yield stress which is assumed to be constant.
Conclusion A treatment of plastic strain especially for the non-hardening material in Body Force Method was studied.
Nisitani: Journal of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 70-580 (1967), p.627 (in Japanese) [2] D.

Recently, polymeric materials such as nylon have been of interests to many new technologies, industries and subsequently many researchers.
Fig.3 The location diagram of the steel insert Parameters of the steel material [2] are:elastic modulus: 200GPa;poisson's ratio: 0.3.And the steel insert is designed with ANSYS, as shown in Figure 4.
The Combination Degree(CBD) The nylon material in the pipe wrench is combined with the steel insert by the coupling agent such as NL-6620, nylon glue [4] .
International Journal of Plasticity 22 (2006) 1506–1529
[2] T.L.Teng, Y.A.Chu, F.A.Chang.S.Chin2004.Calculating the elastic moduli of steel-fiber reinforced concrete using a dedicated empirical formula.Computational Materials Science 31(2004) 337–346 [3] R.M.Pidaparti, S.Jayanti, J.Henke, H.EL-Mounayr2001.Design simulation of twisted cord-rubber structure using ProE/ANSYS.Composite structures 52(2001)287-294

Nuhu-koko, The Use of Palm Kernel Shell as aggregate for Concrete, Paper presented at 21st Annual Conference of Material Testing, Control and Research.
Oke, Development and Performance Evaluation of Indigenous palm kernel dual processing machine, Journal of Engineering and applied sciences 2(4)(2007) 701-705
Asiam, Determination of some Design Parameters for Palm nut Crackers, European Journal of Scientific Research. (38)(2)(2009) 315-327
Oke, Nutritional properties of the protein of some Nigerian Oil seed, Journal of African food chemistry, 32(1984)822-825
Koya, Palm Nut Cracking under repeated impact load, Journal of Applied Sciences 6 (11) (2006) 2471 – 2475

Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2012, 13: 2210–2221
International Journal of Climatology, 2007, 27(12): 1547–1578
Supporting material of the IPCC available from the DDC of IPCC TGCIA, 2004
Hydrogeology Journal, 2011, 19(8): 1563–1575
Hydrogeology Journal, 2002, 10(1): 18–39

Journal of Harbin Engineering University, 2012, 33(9):p.1079-1085
Correlation Analyses between Shear Wave Velocity and Ground Properties of Kunming Basin[J].Journal of Kunming metallurgy college, 2006, 22(3): p.1-5
Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering.2009, 29 (3):p.320-324
Journal of Institute of Disaster-prevention Science and Technology. 2008, 10(4):p.10-12
Investigation of Science and Technology. 2011(2):p.23-26

For the microstructure improving of test Cu the HCV deformation was conducted by means of the materials testing system Instron-8516.
Dobatkin: Materials Science Forum (Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland (2006), p. 971-976
Traksmaa, in: Nano-Architectured and Nanostructured Materials, edited by V.
Lowe: Advanced Materials Research, Trans Tech Publications, 29-30 (2007) pp. 117-122
Kommel, in: Ultrafine Grained Materials III, edited by Y.T.