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Introduction Materials with nano-scale microstructures have long been recognized to exhibit remarkable and technologically attractive properties including mechanical properties.
The former one uses time-of-flight (TOF) of plane bulk wave propagating in the ceramic material, while the latter uses surface acoustic wave (SAW) traveling on the ceramic surface.
However, traditional pulse-echo technique does not work for a miniaturized ceramic materials or porous sintered ceramics like in this study because of attenuation and size limitation of commercial ultrasonic transducer.
It is basically V(z) curve method except that it defocuses the acoustic lens deeper than the thickness of material to produce a "mode conversion of ultrasound" inside the medium.
Ostertag, Residual Steel Measurements in Welded Steel Beam Column Connections by SAM, Journal of material Science(1999), Vol. 34, pp. 4173-4179

The structural of the noise reduction package is of complex with many detail elements such as sound-absorbing materials to absorb noise.
In the geometry model, the key regions such as plates and the lifting lugs at the four top corners are reserved, meanwhile the materials used to reduce noise and other detail structures have carried on a suitable simplification according to geometry equivalent principle.
According to the manufacturer, materials of the crossbeam and lifting lug are specified, as well the safety factor.
Acknowledgements The research presented in this paper is partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC): No.E050605046 and Tianjin Research Program of Application Foundation and Advanced Technology: No. 10JCYBJC25400.The authors wish to gratefully appreciate the support.
Tiernan: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol.119 (2001), p. 293

The results are fractures in its internal structure and reduction of its basic material characteristics [6,7].
Experiment Material and specimens.
Turkiewicz, Properties and durability of coarse igneous rock aggregates and concretes, Construction and Building Materials. 126 (2016) 119-129
Ramos, Freeze–thaw resistance of concrete produced with fine recycled concrete aggregates, Journal of Cleaner Production. 115 (2016) 294-306
Salemi, The effects of nano-silica and nano-alumina on frost resistance of normal concrete, Construction and Building Materials. 48 (2013) 580-584

Characteristics of materials used for knee joint-prosthesis assembly [11] Geometry Young’s Modulus [Mpa] Poisson’s Ratio Femur Bone 17600 0.3 Tibia Bone 12500 0.3 Femoral Prosthesis (CoCr) 210000 0.3 Femoral Prosthesis (CoCr) 210000 0.475 Polyethylene Insert 1100 0.42 Results Values for maximum equivalent VonMises stresses, total and directional movements that occur throughout the assembly and on individual components were extracted for the set of results.
Tarnita, Modelling and finite element analysis of the human knee joint affected by osteoarthritis, Key Engineering Materials, 601 (2014) 147-150
Tarnita, Stresses and displacements for virtual models of healthy and osteoarthritic knee joint, Applied Mechanics & Materials, 658 (2014) 526-531
Tarnita, Contributions on the modeling and simulation of the human knee joint with applications to the robotic structures, In “New Trends on Medical and Service Robotics: Challenges and Solutions”, Mechanisms and Machine Science, Springer, 20 (2014) 283-297
Journal of Biomechanics 40(S2) XXI ISB Congress, Poster Sessions, July, 2007

Materials and Methods Extraction of Flavone C.cathayensis exocarp is dried and crushed into powder, and extracted for two hours with 95% ethanol at 70˚C water bath, then take supernatant and reduce its pressure.
Materials and Treatment Plant Materials Wheat (Feng Le 981); corn (Feng Le 21); soybean (Wan Soybean 29); mung bean (Zhong Lv 1).
Plant materials are set 6 treatment groups 3 repetition, a total of 72 boxes in greenhouse (20 +0.5) ˚C natural light and relative humidity of 70% to 80%.
Acknowledgements This research was supported by Anhui Province Natural Science Foundation (KJ2010A293), Hefei University Talent Foundation (10RC03).
Journal of Zhejiang Forestry University,2006,23(6):pp.604-607 (in Chinese)

For the brittle mode, the material is assumed to loss its entire stiffness and strength in the dominant stress direction, whereas for the ductile mode the material retain its strength but loss all of its stiffness in the failure direction.
Composites Science and Technology.
Journal of Composite Materials.Vol.36(2002),p.1481 [5] L.L.Tong, Hui Chen.
ACTA Material Composite Sinica.Vol.21(2004), p.159-163 [6] L.L.Tong, Z.Q.Wang.
Key Engineering Materials, Edited by J.K.Kim, Trans Tech Publications Inc.

Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS 634021, Russia, Tomsk, 2/4, pr.
Materials, equipment and experimental techniques Samples have been welded by manual arc welding for carrying out of researches.
Results and discussion At mechanical tests fracture of the samples received using both modes occurs on the basic metal, Fig.1, this indicates of fulfillment of main condition of obtaining welded joint material stronger than the base material.
The management of micro metallurgical processes at the adaptive pulse-arc welding of alloyed steels // Perspective materials. – 2011. – № 13 (special issue). – P. 290-294
Rationale of the concept of increasing safety and durability of technical systems operated in Siberia and the Far North based on application of adaptive pulse technologies of welding // Russian Journal of Heavy Machinery, No. 8, 2010, P. 14-19

The Brazilian disc test with central notch is widely used to evaluate mixed mode I/II fracture resistance of brittle materials such as rocks and concrete.
The selected materials can be characterized as a high-performance concrete, which are used in the production of precast concrete elements.
These demands lead into development of a new concrete mixture, which uses secondary materials as a binder and has a high compressive strength.
Aliha, On the use of Brazilian disc specimen for calculating mixed mode I-II fracture toughness of rock materials, Eng.
Pavier, The role of T-stress in brittle fracture for linear elastic materials under mixed-mode loading, Fat. & Frac. of E.

Acknowledgement This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (No.60972130) of China.
(http://www3.imperial.ac.uk) References [1] Y.Jiao, F.H.Stillinger, S.Toruqato: Modeling Heterogeneous Materials via Two-Point Correlation Functions: I.
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JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY Vol.56NO.5 P.69-70 (2004) [11] D.B.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Vol.236Iss.2 P.295-304. (2000) [12] Yelena Sholokhova, Daesang Kim, W.

Shrinkage porosity is formed as atmospheric gases penetrate through this zone compensating for contractions and the lack of material.
Diószegi: Submitted to International Journal of Cast Metals Research (2008) 3.
Dugic: Eight International Symposiums on Science & Processing of Cast Iron, Beijing, China (2006) 5.
Julien: AFS Cast Metals Research Journal, Vol. 9 (2), pp. 105-109 (1973) 6.
Svensson: Materials Science and Engineering, A 413 - 414, pp. 474 - 479 (2005) Fig. 9.