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The disaster protection and relief routes must guarantee the relief workers reach refuge strongholds in the shortest time, and are responsible for disaster relief materials, equipment, fire fighting activities and personnel transportation.
Setting up functions of disaster protection and refuge circle should comprehensive consider of the department's management functions such as government, transportation, medical treatment, goods and materials, police and fire control.
The circle has an area of 1.03km2, including four administrative neighborhoods and six classes of 14 stronghold facilities(Fig.2): (1) four asylum strongholds such as Yuanlin Shop and Yuying Elementary School; (2) domestic service centers as disaster prevention stronghold; (3) four medical strongholds such as Hongren Hospital and Xiehe Hospital; (4) materials strongholds including Aimai supermarket and Quanliannanchang store; (5) protective strongholds including Huilai Post Office and Nanmen Post Office; (6) other strongholds located at Yuanlin Court.
Acknowledgements Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51108405).
Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2006, 32(10): 901-906.

During heating, the processes such as dissociation of the electrode coating components, evaporation and interacting of charging materials in solid state [2].
Results of analysis of MAW welding fumes using different types of power supplies materials Defined element unit Power supply maximum allowable concentration inverter Diode rectifier electrodes LB -52U Ø 3.2 mm, steel 09G2S carbon monoxide mg/m³ 0.05 0.05 20.0 nitrogen dioxide less 0.6 less 0.6 2.0 hydrogen fluoride less 0.02 less 0.02 0.5 chromic anhydride less 0.003 less 0.003 0.01 chrome oxide less 0.5 less 0.5 1.0 manganese 0.10±0.03 0.15±0.03 0.6 Electrodes UONI 13/55 Ø 3 mm, steel St3 carbon monoxide mg/m³ 0.45 0.35 20.0 nitrogen dioxide less 0.6 less 0.6 2.0 hydrogen fluoride 0.036±0.004 0.050±0.005 0.5 chromic anhydride less 0.003 less 0.003 0.01 chrome oxide less 0.5 less 0.5 1.0 manganese 0.05±0.01 less 0.05 0.6 It has been found that, when using the inverter power supply, welding fumes and manganese concentration are lower, i.e. that reduces risk of toxic poisoning and inflammation of the upper airway mucous membranes of welders and auxiliary workers.
Conclusion Research results show that different welding power supplies provide different power characteristics, size of metal drops and value of alloying elements transition into metal, slag and gas components if using the same welding materials; modern welding techniques can reduce negative impact on welders’ health.
Chinakhov/ RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING, 2011, vol. 47, No11, pp724-729
Chinakhov//Materials Science Forum, 2011, No 12, pp 704-705

A Model for Stress History during Sintering of Ceramic Laminates Kouichi YASUDA1a and LV Peiling1 1 Department of Metallurgy and Ceramics Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan akyasuda@ceram.titech.ac.jp (corresponding author) Keywords: Stress, Sintering, Laminates, Ceramics Abstract.
However, combination of different materials leads to internal stress in each layer, and sometimes cracking occurs in the laminates.
However, we do not have enough discussion on the internal stress based on both mismatches at present, because mechanical and thermal expansion properties of intermediately-sintered materials are not fully investigated in previous literatures.
References [1] L.B.Freund and S.Suresh, “Thin Film Materials”, Cambridge Univ.
[2] C.A.Folsom, F.W.Zok and F.F.Lange, “Flexural Properties of Brittle Multilayer Materials: I, Modeling”, Journal of American Ceramic Society, Vol.77, No.3 (1994), pp689-696.

The material characteristics of turbodrill diversion liners as listed below.
Materials 42CrMo, yield limit of 930MPa, elastic modulus E = 201GPa, Poisson ratio μ = 0.3.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Science Foundation Plan of Creative Research Groups in Hubei Province, China.
Petroleum University journal, Vol. 28.(2002), p. 128~132
Mechanics of Materials(4th Edition), Higher Education Press, Beijing(2007), p. 32.

College, Henan University of Science and Technology, LUOYANG, 471003, CHINA asypei@mail.haust.edu.cn, bhgwang_80@163.com, cfzmhao@163.com, czhaozhenkai@gmail.com Keywords: WCP/Fe-C composites; Re-melting technology; Microstructure; Properties Abstract.
Recently, we have developed a new type of roll (ring) made of iron-based functionally graded materials (FGM) reinforced with WCP using centrifugal casting method [1-3].
Despite of the advantages, there still exist some problems of the newly-developed roll, such as the accumulated scrap or dead rolls in the industrial dump sites, which, if discarded or not reused, will cause substantial waste of energy sources and roll materials.
Table 3 Mechanical properties comparison of the composites ring before and after recycling Materials Outer WCP-rich region Inner Fe-C alloy region HRC Impact toughness (J/cm2) HRC Impact toughness (J/cm2) regenerated composites ring 63.3 2.8 46.5 5.7 Composites ring before remelting 62.0 5.8 43.0 11.2 Wear resistance: The sliding wear tests are carried out under the load of 50, 100, 150 N and a fixed sliding velocity of 80 m/s.
Dong et al., Journal of Functional Materials, Vol.36, (2005), p. 1517-1520, in Chinese

Introduction Nano materials have been shown great potential application in industry and thus became a hot research topic in the world.
Moreover, the tube has perspective applications in hydrogen storage material and filter, in other case, an introduction of a functional group to such a tube is also necessary.
The dielectric constant is a bulk property of a material which quantities its polarizability.
Further difficulties are presented by materials which, like the PPX tube, can only be obtained as relatively thin films.
[4] T Q Liu: Journal of Material Science & Technology.

In Vitro Degradation Studies of Calcium Polyphosphate Ceramics Prepared by Controlled Degree of Polymerization and Crystallization Kai Qiu a, Changxiu Wan, Xin Chen, Qi Zhang and Hongfa Su Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu,China a qiukai@126.com Keywords: Calcium Polyphosphate, Degree of polymerization, Polycondensation, Tissue Engineering Abstract.
Introduction Various synthetic biomaterials were developed to overcome the limited availability of natural bone graft materials for hard tissue repair and replacement.[1] Many biomaterials for bone substitute applications do not degrade, or its degradation velocity can not be controlled to match velocity of the cell growth.[2] Among the various types of biomaterials, biodegradable calcium phosphate ceramics, as a kind of inorganic polymeric biomaterials, have drawn attention due to their dissolution property in biological environments, their similar chemical elements with bones, and their diversity in chemical composition[3].
Materials and Methods Homogeneous amorphous powder were prepared by quenching in distilled water after calcining crystalline hydrate calcium dihydrogen phosphate(SIGMA) for 1,5,10 hr to get different degree of polymerization.
Ryoo, et al.( 2003) Key Engineering Materials 240-242:419- 422
[3] Yong-Moo Lee,Yang Jo-Seol,Yun-Tak Lim. (2001) Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 54:216-223.

In particular, nanoscale one- dimension of conducting polymer are very attractive materials due to their larger surface area and controllable morphology, since a diverse range of applications such as supercapacitors, hydrogen storage, chemical sensors, sensors, anticorrosion coating, electromagnetic shielding, and transparent flexible electrodes, conductive and dielectric composites [1-6] have been demonstrated.
The rough fibers have benefits for interaction between materials as for the composites,, .
Concisely, this approach for preparing especial nanostructure polymers has opened a controllable synthesis route in the development of advanced materials.
Acknowledgements This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 21163010), References [1] S.S.
Lopes, et.al.: European Polymer Journal Vol.42 (2006), p. 3108

Besides, the non-continuity of structural materials and the variety of geometrical conditions cause the thermal bridge problem of multi-dimensional heat transfer.
However，it needs the materials' thermal conductivities close to each other.
With the development of energy-saving in buildings, many efficient materials are gradually used in the constructions.
The thermal conductivity of it is about dozens of times to that of the structures materials, which is not accurate of the results with this method and is not favor to the proper evaluation of the heat insulation properties of this material.
BUILDING SCIENCE, 2010(2),26(2):128-134 (In Chinese) [2] Hua Wen.

Materials and experimental procedure The natural raw materials used in the study were all commercial grade; kaolinite, ball clay, feldspar, quartz, limestone, talcum, dolomite, pottery stone, and lithium bearing material.
Oxide (wt%) A B C D SiO2 61.74 67.95 71.03 70.48 Al2O3 24.38 19.10 22.81 23.32 Fe2O3 0.78 0.42 0.43 0.43 CaO 4.25 5.64 0.97 0.53 MgO 2.91 1.88 0.11 0.11 Na2O 2.35 2.40 2.38 1.71 K2O 3.36 2.40 1.73 2.46 TiO2 0.22 0.21 0.22 0.21 Li2O 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.75 Al2O3/SiO2 0.39 0.28 0.32 0.33 The raw materials and water ratio of 1:1 were mixed and ground using a 2 kg ball mill for 12 hours and then passed through a 100 mesh sieve.
Conclusions A comparison on the low temperature fine stoneware bodies prepared by natural raw materials was studied at 1100°C, 1150°C, and 1200°C.
Acknowledgement The authors gratefully acknowledge ms.Thunyaporn Srisubin for helping on the SEM testing and the Center of Excellence for Glass, Department of Science Service, Thailand, for the thermal expansion testing.
Shermer, Thermal Expansion of Binary Alkali Silicate Glasses, Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards Vol. 57, No. 2 (August 1956) 97-101