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Surface Modification of Ti-Nb Alloy in Alkaline Solution to Enhance Bioactivity Nur Adila Amira Basry1,a, Hussain Zuhailawati1,b*, Khairul Anuar Shariff1,c, Ahmad Lutfi Anis2,d and Widyani Darham2,e 1School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia,14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 2Faculty of Applied Science Universiti Teknologi MARA, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak aadilamira95@student.usm.my, b*zuhaila@usm.my, cbiokhairul@usm.my, dlutfianis@sarawak.uitm.edu.my, ewidyani@uitm.edu.my Keywords: Titanium-Niobium alloy, alkaline treatment, bioactivity Abstract.
VAM process is to obtain material with high degree of homogeneity.
The osseointegration can be enhanced by surface modification of implant materials.
It also states that the material with low hardness is associated with high amount of pore.
Zhao, “Effect of pore size and porosity on the biomechanical properties and cytocompatibility of porous NiTi alloys,” PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 6, Jun. 2015, doi: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0128138

Since the main focus of process planning is on removing material, the need for machine dependent information is mainly based on accomplishable feeds and speeds [3, 4].
The travelling salesman problem is a well known real-world challenge in computer science [8]: Supposing a salesman, who has to visit several cities, the challenge is to find the best path.
Altan: Feed rate optimization based on cutting force calculations in 3-axis milling of dies and molds with sculptured surfaces, in: International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture (34) (1994), pp. 365-377
Croft: Feed optimization for five-axis CNC machine tools with drive constraints, in: International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 48, 7-8 (2008), pp. 733-745
Ting: Efficient tool path planning for 5-axis flank milling of ruled surfaces using ant colony system algorithms, in: International Journal of Production Research, (2010), pp. 1-18

In the numerical calculation, the material properties of the soil and pile are: , , , , , , .
Acknowledgements This research is supported by the college students science and technology innovation project of Zhejiang province (Grant No. 2012R420025).
Lei, Torsional dynamic analysis of single piles by time-domain BEM, Journal of Sound and Vibration. 174 (1994) 505-519
Xie, Dynamic torsional response of an end bearing pile in transversely isotropic saturated soil, Journal of Sound and Vibration. 327 (2009) 440-453
Yu, Transient wave of the pile with variable modulus embedded partially in homogeneous soil, Journal of Vibration Engineering. 23 (2010) 200-205

A Comparison of Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization and Simulated Annealing in Real-time Task Scheduling on CMP Song Chai1, a, Yubai Li2,b , Chang Wu3,c and Jian Wang4,d 1-4 School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China as.tschai@gmail.com, bybli@uestc.edu.cn, cchangwu@uestc.edu.cn, dwangjian3630@uestc.edu.cn Keywords: Real-time tasks, Chip-multiprocessor, Genetic algorithm, Particle swarm optimization, Simulated annealing.
The name, annealing, comes from metallurgy, which is the process of heating and cooling down material to increase the size of crystals and reduce their defects.
Prabhu, Modified genetic algorithm for multiobjective task scheduling on heterogeneous computing system, in: International Journal of Information Technology, Communications and Convergence, vol. 1, pp. 146-158, 2011
Yang, A task scheduling algorithm based on pso for grid computing, in: International Journal of Computational Intelligence Research, vol. 4, pp. 37-43, 2008
Snasel, A discrete particle swarm optimization approach for grid job scheduling, in: International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, vol. 6, pp. 4219-4233, 2010

According to the structure character, we selected 8 nodes element Solid45 and 20 nodes element Solid 95; material is ductile cast iron; E = 2×1011N/m2; poisson's ratio is 0.3.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51005080/E050602) References [1] ZHANG Yan-hua, WANG Li-duan, ZHAN Xing-qun and ZHAI Chuan-run: SHIPBUILDING OF CHINA.
Vol. 49(2008), p.134-144 [2] YANG Ye-fei, SHEN Wen-tao: Aerodynamic Missile Journal.
Vol. 2(2010), p. 72-79 [3] YANG Jian-ye, WANG Li-xin, YU Guo-qiang, ZHANG Sheng-xiu: Journal of Astronautics Vol. 32(2011) , p. 554-559 [4] CHEN Xin: Theory And Method of Mechanical Structure’s Dynamic Design (China Machine Press, China 1997)
[6] CUI Zhiqin, YANG Ruifeng: CHINESE JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.

Due to the complexity of correlation and interference, electromagnetic compatibility problem that needs to solve number, later emc reinforcement not only consumes a lot of manpower and material resources and financial resources, affect the development progress and improve the cost, and the problem is difficult to fully and effectively solved, affect the quality and the system of the machine is the realization of the lighter index[2-3].
Mechanism and mathematical model 2.1 The working mechanism of electromagnetic compatibility system In the study of electromagnetic compatibility is in limited space, the limited time, under the condition of limited frequency resource, various kinds of electrical equipment (subsystem, system, generalized also includes organisms) can coexist is not a science ZhiYinQi relegation.
References [1] Wang Ershen,Electromagnetic compatibility design of terminal system for ship based on GPRS and GPS,Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2008, 29(3) [2] RAJESHWAR K,SATAV R S M,SARMA V V R.
Prediction of equipment-to-equipment coupling through antennas mounted on an aircraft[J].Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications,2007,(05):653-663.doi:10.1163/156939307780667300
[6] CHEN Qi,Warfare-using Electromagnetic Compatibility Study of Radar of Close-in Weapon System with Decoy Jamming,Journal of System Simulation,2006, 18(5) [7] LIU Jin-feng,Application of ant colony algorithm to EMC modeling of PWM driving system,Electric Machines and Control,2011, 15(9) [8] TONG Yue,Electromagnetic Compatibility Performance of Electronic Transformers,High Voltage Engineering,2013, 39(11) [9] MOORE G.

Design of Underground Coal Mine Refuge Chamber YANG Xiudong1, a, JIN Longzhe1, b Civil and Environmental Engineering Institute, 1University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China axiudongyang@yeah.net, blzjin@ces.ustb.edu.cn Keywords: Refuge Chamber, Underground Facilities, Structural Engineering Abstract.
Many of the refuge chambers are constructed of a vinyl or rubber material that is inflatable and the only means of cooling is provided through heat transfer to the outside.
Journal of Safety and Environment, Vol.6 (2006), p.37-39 [6] L.
Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, Vol.31 (2002), p.3-6 [7] J.
Journal of China Coal Society, Vol.35 (2010), p.1476-1580

From function (2), we can see the 1st natural frequency of blade is in inverse ratio to blade’s length L and in direct ratio to material characteristic and geometrical characteristic.
References [1] Li Qihan, Wang Yanrong, Wangjianjun, Investigation of High Cycle Fatigue Failures for the Aero Engine Blades, Aeroengine, No.4, 2003 (in Chinese) [2] Zhang Dayi, Shiyajie, Hongjie, Model analysis of bladed disk coupled system of compressor with low aspect ratio, Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing, 2004 (in Chinese) [3] High Cycle Fatigue(HCF) Science and Technology Program 2002 Annual Report, Version March 22 2004.
Available from: http://www.pr.afrl.af.mil/ [4] Zhao Yapu, Liu Sheng, On the Definition of Coefficient of strain-rate SensitivityChinese, Journal of Aeronautics, May 2001 [5] P.
W ojcicki, Sensitivity analysis applied to a dynamic railroad model, Journal of Sound and Vibration 266 (2003) 1–13 [6] Sprung, Sensitivity of probabilistic fracture mechanics analysis to variations in statistical parameters, Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 48 (2007) 231–237 [7] Yan Litang, Zhu Zigen, Li Qihan, Analysis on dynamical characteristics of structure, BUAA press, 1987: 33-36 (in Chinese)

Numerical Simulation of Oil- and Water-Sands Multiphase Flow in Gathered pipes Yixin Pan1,a, Hongbing Zhang1,b, Ronghua Xie2,c and Xingbin Liu2,c 1Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China 2Daqing Oil Field Limited Company, CNPC, Daqing, China ayixin_pan@126.com, bhbzhang@hhu.edu.cn, cxieronghua@petrochina.com.cn Keywords: Gathered pipes; Oil- and Water-Sands Multiphase Flow; Three-D k-ε-kp Model; Producing Profile Abstract: In the oil mining process, we need to hold flow characteristic for oil- and water-sands, with low-middle volume fraction of the particles in gathered pipes, in order to design logging tool and build interpretation methods for the producing profile.
In which, Gpk and Gpp is the production of liquid phases turbulent kinetic energy; vp is the kinematic viscosity of particle phases; dp, ρs and ρp are the mean particle size, particle material density and apparent density respectively; αp is the volume fraction for the particle phase; Cμ, Cμp, Cpk, σk, σε, σp, Cε1 and Cε2 are empirical constants and their values are respectively 0.06, 0.0085, 0.9, 1.0, 1.3, 0.8, 1.45, 1.92.
International Journal of Multiphase Flow.
International Journal of Multiphase Flow.
International Journal of Multiphase Flow.

Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE.123, (1997): pp. 230-238
[4] Wen Y.K., 1976, ‘’Method for Random Vibration of Hysteresis Systems’’ journal of engineering mechanics division, ASCE, vol 102, No EM2, pp 249-263
Sankar, ‘’A New Concept in Semi-Active Vibration Isolation’’, ASME, Journal of Mechanisms Transmissions and Automation in Design, (1987) Vol 109, pp. 242-247
SMART MATERIAL AND STRUCTURES, (2002) pp 288-296
[11] Hong-Nan Li, Zhiguo Chang and Jun Li ’’Semi-active Control for Eccentric Structures with MR Damper by Hybrid Intelligent Algorithm’’ Computer Science,Volume 3645, 139-148 2005.