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Yang 2 1 Materials Science and Engineering Dept, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, guzst1@pitt.edu 2 Materials Science and Engineering Dept, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, jyang@engr.pitt.edu Keywords: Oxidation, in situ transmission electron microscope (TEM), Cu2O, morphology The initial stages of the oxide formation were investigated by oxidizing Cu(100) thin films in a specialized in situ ultra-high vacuum (UHV) TEM at oxygen partial pressure of 5x10-4 torr and a temperature range of 150°C to 1000°C.
The experiments were performed at the Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, which is supported by the U.S.
Reuter: Science Vol. 286 (1999), p. 1931 [7] Y.
Monga, et al.: Science Vol. 287 (2000), p. 2235 [9] S.
Fischmeister: Journal of the Institute of Metals Vol. 89 (1960-1961), p. 65 [11] K.

Materials and methods Sampling.
All chemical analysis results of this study were performed by quality controlling system, which included reagent blanks, replicate samples and certified international reference materials (HRM1 and HRM2 for soils and tailings, HRM12 and HRM14 for plants)[17].
We introduced X-ray diffraction spectrogram into MDI Jade5.0 by computer software, and then selected four PDF card libraries as follows: inorganic materials, minerals, ICSD inorganic materials and ICSD minerals.
References [1] Guilin Hu, Kim Dam-Johansen, Stig Wedel, Jens Peter Hansen, Decomposition and oxidation of pyrite, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 32(3), 295-314, ( 2006) [2] H.
Mwiya, Supergene mineralization in mining residues of the Matchless cupreous pyrite deposit (Namibia)—a clue to the origin of modern and fossil duricrusts in semiarid climates, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 75(1-3), 43-70(2002) [3] Adriano, D.C., Trace Elements in Terrestrial Environments , 2nd ed.

In several of these methods, conducting polymers have been highlighted as effective gas detection materials, since they can operate at room temperature and have a high sensitivity and good reproducibility.
In the current study, conducting polymer materials were synthesized using a chemical method and 8 kinds of highly sensitive and stable sensors were fabricated on a Al2O3 substrate with interdigital electrodes.
Polymerization of raw materials The polypyrrole and polyaniline were prepared by chemical polymerization based on a previously reported method [13].
Fabrication of sensor The polymer sensor materials (polypyrrole and polyaniline) were made by changing the amounts of additive oxidant (APS), kinds of conducting polymer (polypyrrole and polyaniline), and electrodes, as shown in Table 1.
Sensor manufacturing conditions according to spaces between sensor film materials.

In order to compare the extrudabilities of the investigated alloys, transient simulations were run using the material constants calculated in Table 1.
The calculated constitutive equations were used as input materials data of the alloys, for FE simulation of the extrusion process.
REFERENCES [1] Sheppard T., “Prediction of structure during shaped extrusion and subsequent static recrystallisation during the solution soaking operation”, 2006, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol.177, 26–35
[5] Verlinden B., Voith K., “Constitutive Equations for Hot Deformation of Al-Mg-Si Alloys”, Risø International Symposium on Materials Science: Numerical Predictions of Deformation Processes and the Behaviour of real Materials.
Tekkaya, 2010, ”Comparison of different FEM code approaches in the simulation of the die deflection during aluminium extrusion” International Journal of Material Forming, Vol. 3 Suppl. 1, 375-378

Based on the continuous development of nanocrystalline semiconductor materials processing technology and new fabrication method of the cell, the conversion efficiency 12% for small-area cells in the laboratory has been achieved [9].
W. and Guo L.: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells Vol. 85 (2005), p. 447 [9] Anders Hagfeldt, Gerrit Boschloo, Licheng Sun, Lars Kloo and Henrik Pettersson: Chem.
Arakawa: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells Vol. 70 (2001), p. 15l [15] Boschloo G., Lindstrom J., Magnusson E., Holmberg A. and Hagfeldt A.: J.
Power Sources Vol. 173 (2007), p. 585 [18] Hara K., Horiguchi T., Kinoshita T., Sayama K. and Arakawa H.: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells Vol. 70 (2001), p. 151 [19] K Tennakone, V P S Perera, I R M Kottegoda and G R R A Kumara: Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics Vol. 32 (1999), p. 347 [20] A.
Grätzel: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells.

Material and Methods Research Area.
Research area Data source: spatial data analysis by researchers, 2024 Study Equipment and Materials.
The research equipment consists of hardware and software, including (1) a Geodetic GNSS receiver and measuring tape as measuring tools for field supplementation (comparative materials that are considered correct) and (2) ArcGIS 10.8.2 and AutoCAD Map 2021 as software for spatial data processing, analysis, and evaluation of land parcel spatial data.
P. & Aditya, T.: Desain Sistem Kadaster Multiguna (Studi Kasus Kecamatan Serengan, Kota Surakarta), JGISE: Journal of Geospatial Information Science 5(2), 71-90 (2022). https://doi.org/10.22146/jgise.75657
The Case of Uganda, African Journal of Land Policy and Geospatial Sciences, 3(1), 213-225 (2020). https://revues.imist.ma/index.php/AJLP-GS/issue/view/1172

Although the commercial land meets the national standard, the building materials and land for selling cars accounts for 46%. 3 The Development Mode of the Livable Environment Construction of Tiexi According to the problems above, we must take the "Scientific Outlook on Development" as the guiding ideology of making a new development model to promote the further development of Tiexi. 3.1 ‘Tui Er Huan Lv’ mode 3.1.1 Scientific planning, carry out the construction of ecological economic system Shenyang old industrial base faced with hitherto unknown environment pollution and ecological destruction after realizing industrialization and urbanization, so it is time to build an environment friendly mode of economic development and to adjust the existing industrial distribution.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by “Research on the Function Reconstruction of the Old Industrial Relocation Zone and the Key Technology and the Demonstration of the Construction of the Livable Environment”, “Status and Countermeasure of Liaoning Innovative Enterprise of Liaoning Science and Technology Program”, “Research on the Development Strategy of the Promotion of Liaoning Autonomous High-end Equipment Manufacturing Industry of Liaoning Province Scientific Planning Funds”, “Research on Liaoning Economy Transformation and Upgrade by Innovation-driven Strategy of Liaoning Federation of Social Science Program” References [1] Wang Jianli.
Journal of Shenyang University: Social Science Edition.2013 (1):4 [2] Shenyang University.
The Project Feasibility Study Report of the National Science and Technology Support Program—Removal of Old Industrial Livable Functional Reconstruction and Livable Environment Construction Key Technology Research and Demonstration[R].2011:1 [3] Shenyang University.
The Project Task Assignment of the National Science and Technology Support Program- Removal of Old Industrial District Livable Environment Construction Planning Design and Demonstration[R]:2011:1 [4] Li Mengling.

Acknowledgement The study is supported by Fujian Natural Science Fund (2010J01295) , Key Scientific and Technological Project of Fujian (2012H0034), also by Heilongjiang Natural Science Fund (E201243) and Scientific and Technological Project of Quanzhou (2012Z122).
Qi: Approach Toward Parametric Design of Typical Parts and Parts-library based on UG．Materials and Manufacturing Technology and Application- s, Vol. 8 (2011), pp.8-13
Qingdao: Qingdao university of science and technology, 2005
(MS, huazhong university of science and technology, Wuhan 2007) [8] C.G.
Journal of Jianghan university (natural science edition), V01.31(2003), pp.45-48.

The analysis of seepage characteristics and stability of carbonaceous mudstone embankment slope in rainfall condition Ling Zeng1,a, Hongyuan Fu2,b,Tao Li 2,c and Yanqi Qin2,d 1 School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Changsha University of Science & Technology , Changsha 410014,China 2 School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering , Changsha University of Science & Technology , Changsha 410014,China azlbingqing3@126.com, b Fuhy1@163.com, c 649918469@qq.com, bqinyanqi2006@126.com Keywords: carbonaceous mudstone; rainfall infiltration; seepage characteristics; slope stability Abstract.
Table.1 The physical mechanics parameter table of slope rock mass material name bulk density (KN/m3) saturated water content /(%) cohesion(kPa) internal friction angle (°) carbonaceous mudstone 28 10 20 45 Calculation result analysis.Fig.4 and fig.5 are sketch maps of slope potential slide surface and safety coefficient with the rainfall respectively continuing for 12 hours and 24 hours, Table.2 is the value of carbonaceous mudstone embankment slope stability coefficient at different rainfall time.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the national natural science foundation (51078042),the hunan science and technology plan project(2011FJ3114)and the western traffic science and technology plan project (2009 318 000 048).
Reference [1] Qiang Cheng, Xiaobing Kou, Shaobin Huang:Journal of engineering geology, vol.34-40 (2004) ,p.12.
[3] Weici Gu:Seepage calculation principle and application.China building material industry publishing house,2000.

Determination of Three Kinds of Volatile Residue of Ozone-Depleting Substances in Polyurethane Foam by Gas Chromatography Haifeng Chen a, Feng Caob School of Life Science, Huzhou Teachers College, Zhejiang, China, 313000 a headder@hutc.zj.cn, b caofeng@hutc.zj.cn Key words: gas chromatography, ozone-depleting substances, polyurethane Abstract.
Characteristic peaks of trichloromonofluoromethane (CFC-11), 2,2 - difluoro -1,1,1 - trichloroethane, and 1, 1 - difluoro -1 - fluoroethane (CFC-141b ), OSDs materials used in this experiment, were disturbed by methanol [6] under FID, which respectively appeared as 1.95 min, 2.05 min, and 2.1, seriously interfering the test of solute and the effective progress of the experiments.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by Science and Technology Planning Project of Zhejiang Province (2008F70042), the Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation (NoY4100471& Y4110641), Zhejiang Municipal Education Commission (Y200908366) and Huzhou Natural Science Foundation (2010YZ01).
Chinese Journal of Chromatography, Vol. 28 (2010), p. 73 ~ 77 [7] Yang Yong, Liu Jingyang, Guo Yuwen, Yang Min, Qiao Qi.
China Environmental Science, Vol. 29 (2009), p. 397-401 [8] Ye Linzhong, Sui Lina, Yu Liyan.