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The first is by introducing new advance materials such as polymer composite material [1] (currently being used in F1 racing cars) and the second is maintaining existing material, but exploring new designs by means of shape and size optimization.
In this study, existing materials such as mild steel used for the development of crush absorbers is used.
The material of the tube is mild steel whose density is 7800 kg/m3, with a Poison’s ratio of 0.3 and Young’s Modulus of 207 GPa.
Thambiratnam: International Journal of Mechanical Sciences Vol. 46 (2004), p 201 – 216

Introduction Earth, as a traditional building material, has long time history in China.
Whilst most forms of earth building have excellent green credentials, human friendly earth wall buildings, good thermal, acoustic and other properties, it is cost effectiveness compared to other industrial building materials.
To reduce material and specimen variation, both specimens were made using consistent raw materials, curing conditions and local construction practices.
Acknowledgements The test is funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China( Project ID: 50708087).
“Similarity technique for dynamic structural model test.”Journal of Dalian University of Technology., 40, 1-8

Mashayekhi: Utilization of Wind Power as a Renewable Energy in Asbads, Case of Iran, Sistan” Advanced Materials Research Vols. 433-440.
Moradchelleh: Problems and Tendencies of the Development of the Architectural Sciences: Culture Research Aspect.
Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 10 (2011), p. 678 [3] P.
Doroodgar: Modeling of LSF Technology in Building Design & Construction Case-study: Parand Residential Complex, Iran, Advanced Materials Research Vols. 341-342.
Khaksar: The Strategies of Outspreading Smart Materials in Building Construction Industry in Developing Countries; Case Study: Iran, 2011 International Conference on Intelligent Building and Management.

ZnO is a II-VI semiconductor material.
To obtain ZnO nanostructures efficiently, a commercial microwave oven for fast heating of the material was used.
Materials and Methods: ZnO nanowires were grown hydrothermally on glass substrates based on the method developed by Husnu et al. [13].
C. look, Materials Science and Engineering B 80, 383 (2001)
Mao, Journal of Crystal Growth 265, 482-486 (2004)

For hexaaluminates is a kind of catalytic materials with high thermal stability, this material may be more suitable for high temperature de composition with high concentration of N2O[11].
The final sample material was used to characterize by XRD, BET and N2O decomposition reaction.
The BET surface area of the hexaaluminate materials which had been calcined at 1200 ℃ for 5h is summarized in Table 1.
Applied Clay Science, Vol.13(1998), p.347
Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, Vol.248 (2006), p.210

Therefore, these materials are generally used as sensors and in optoelectronics.
The doping levels of these materials can be easily changed by chemical reactions with many gases at room temperature, and this provides a simple technique to detect the gases [2].
Intermolecular conductivity can be altered by changing doping levels of these materials.
Small polar molecules adsorb efficiently on the surface layer of organic semiconductor which is expected to increase the crystallinity of the material and decrease its electric resistance [5].
Turaeva, Eurasian ChemTech Journal, 5 (2003.), p. 109

This method takes into account the discreteness of components’ size, materials and load parameters and takes them as random input variables to assess the uncertain factors’ influence on the results of the analysis, quantitatively reflecting the knuckle failure probability.
R represents the structure's ability to withstand external loads, decided together by the material, structure, size and other parameters; S indicates the effect of structural loads, i.e. the loads caused by structural internal force and displacement.
Knuckle size parameters are regarded as known quantity, loads and material parameters as random input variables.
Spiliotis: Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 9 (2009) No.4, pp.323-328
Una: Materials Science Forum, (2012) No.704, pp.240-244.

Experiment Material and Method Oil Painting.
Identical to the common 3D printing, molding precision and cross-section’s thickness are determined by the minimum thickness of the modeling materials.
White ink possess both tallest lightness and thickest ink-film, it is the best modeling materials for layered printing.
Zhang: Inverse Problems in Science & Engineering, Vol. 22(2014), p. 988-1001
Keith: Journal of Property Tax Assessment & Administration, Vol. 5(2008), p. 55-69.

Generally, the anode materials must meet the following basic requirements: good electrical conductivity, good corrosion resistance, good mechanical strength and processability, long service life and low cost, good electro-catalytic property in electrode reaction.
Small amounts of Ag alloyed with Pb can decrease the oxygen overvoltage and increase the corrosion resistance of material.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province under grant No.
Prengaman: Journal of Metals Vol. (2006), p. 28 [4] M.
Siegmund, TMS(The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society), (2000), p. 589 [6] W.

Introduction The low velocity impact on composites materials can cause various types of damages including delaminations, fibre breakage, matrix cracking and debonding between fibre and matrix.
Material and Experimental Procedure Composite laminates were prepared in the laboratory from high strength unidirectional carbon prepreg "TEXIPREG HS 160 REM" and processed in agreement with the manufacturer recommendation.
Moreover, two adjacent laminate having different fibre angles induce extensional and bending stiffness mismatching which, combined with the low strength of the matrix, make composite materials very sensitive to delamination at those interfaces.
Eui-Jin: Journal of Composite Materials Vol.26 (1992), p. 2247
Gonçalves: Composites Science and Technology Vol. 64 (2004), p. 1021.