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Gopal et al. reported that overall friction and wear performance of glass and steel fiber composites got improved with the hybridization of Kevlar [37].
El-Tayeb: J.
El-Tayeb:Wear Vol. 265 (2008), P. 223 [17] U.K.
El-Tayeb: Surface Review and Letters Vol. 14 (2007), p. 1095 [19] J.
El-Tayeb, B.F.

El-Raghy, J.
El-Raghy and M.
El-Raghy and M.
El-Raghy, Metall.
El-Raghy, and L.

Al-Tayeb, B.H.
Al-Tayeb, B.H.
Al-Tayeb, B.H.
El-Dieb, M.A.
Abd.El-Wahab and M.E.

R.Sam Sukumar et al., (2013) reported on modeling and analysis of heat sink with rectangular fins having through holes that interrupted rectangular fins with holes having better performance in reducing the junction temperature and weight reduction than continuous and interrupted rectangular fins [1].
Mohsin A.Ali et al., (2014) reported on design modifications and analysis of two wheeler cooling fins that for better heat transfer, design of heat sink plays an important role and also by reducing the thickness of the fins, heat transfer increases for high speed vehicles and by increasing the fluid velocity, the heat transfer coefficient can be increased.
Arularasan R et al., (2008) reported on CFD analysis in a heat sink for cooling of electronic devices that by minimized the number of fins, increased the fin pitches and the air velocity for reducing the thermal resistance and pressure drop.
Lakshmi Anusha et al., (2014) reported on CFD analysis of splayed pin fin heat sink using advanced composite materials that the splayed fins are more capable for the sense of L-junction temperature and also the system’s total weight has been reduced by using the sophisticated materials like Polyphenylene Sulphide (PPS), Carbon Foam and Graphite Epoxy [4].
EL 1 EW 1 FP 4 EL EW FP 3 (a) (b) Fig. 1: Represent the two different ERF heat sink Fig.1.a, consist of aspect ratio (Extruded fin Length (EL) / Extruded fin Width (EW)) is 8 and fin pitch (FP 3) is 0.0026m and Fig.1.b, consist of aspect ratio (EL 1/ EW 1) is 3.5 and fin pitch (FP 4) is 0.0032m.

The definition of an initiated crack is based on the El Haddad et al. length a0, [3].
This method was successfully applied before by Cook et al. [5].
As proposed by Cameron and Smith, the initial crack size is defined by the Ed Haddad et al. length, [3], whose value is a0=0.0171mm for the material studied.
The criterion for crack arrest is defined by the J integral value taken at the El Haddad et al., distance [3].
El Haddad, T.H.

Effects of the Processing Temperature of Centrifugal Casting on the Mechanical Properties of Al-Al3Ti FGMs Shimaa El-Hadad1,2,a, Hisashi Sato3,b , P.D.
Al-Al3Ti FGMs were produced using a commercial Al-5mass%Ti master alloy ingot.
Results and Discussion Microstructure of Al-Al3Ti FGMs.
Sequeira et al have reported the same phenomenon for Al-Al3Ti FGMs fabricated by in-situ CCM [9].
Watanabe et al has reported that the anisotropic wear property of Al-Al3Ti FGMs comes from the wear direction relative to the aligned particles [4].

References [1] E.L.
Lambert: Advances in Space Research Vol. 19 (1997), p. 369 [3] P.P Bernhard, E.L.
Hyde, et al: Int.
Flury, et al: Advances in Space Research Vol. 33 (2004), p. 1507 [7] H.
Zhang, et al: Int.

A shadow mask is then placed over the substrate in-situ to define the cathode and metal (typically Al or Ag) is evaporated to complete the device.
Lock-in electroluminescence (EL) image of 10x10 cm2 OLED lighting panels.
This is confirmed by the EL microscopy image in Fig. 4e, which shows that the EL is suppressed over a much larger radius, being observable only in the lower corners of the image (pink regions).
(c) EL image showing the dark spot that formed during the course of the aging test.
(e) EL image of the volcano defect.

Furthermore, electrical properties of ITO/Sn-doped-MgPc/Al devices such as carrier mobility and carrier concentration were extracted from current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements.
(a) Optical absorption spectra of undoped MgPc and Sn-doped MgPc thin films (b) Current-Voltage (I-V) characteristics of ITO/MgPc/Al and ITO/Sn-doped MgPc/Al devices The dark I-V Characteristics of MgPc and Sn-doped MgPc devices are shown in Fig. 2(b).
El-Nahass, A.A.
El-Sayed, E.F.M.
El-Zaidai, Electrical transport mechanisms and photovoltaic characterization of MgPc/p-silicon hybrid organic-inorganic solar cells, Curr.

Lodini 4,f 1 WFiIS, AGH - University of Science and Technology, al.
This creates the elastic energy: )()()(S 2 1 )(E kl ij ijkl el ggg g σσ = (3) where Sijkl is the elastic compliance tensor.
Instead of Eq.3, let us take an approximated form for the elastic energy: G2 1 E 2 eq el σ ≅ (where eqσ is Von Mises equivalent stress).
In conclusion, we can say that both stored energies (E dis and E el ) play role in recrystallization process.
Minima of predicted stored energy connected with the second order incompatibility stresses - E el (grey zones).