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For instance, Bhattacharyya et al. [5] experimentally measured the roll forming loads at different material, thickness and bend angle conditions in order to compare the results with theoretical forming loads calculated with a semi-empirical model.
More recently, Lindgren [6] and Larra˜naga et al. [7] measured experimentally forming forces and torques of different materials with the objective of validate a roll forming finite element model.The main objective of the present work is to evaluate if force and torque measurements are a viable solution to decrease the roll forming process set-up time.
The financial support for this research from " Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnol´ogico Industrial (CDTI)" is gratefully acknowledged.

OPTIMIZATION OF FABRICATION PARAMETERS M.L.Hattali 1,a , S.Valette 1,b , F.Ropital 3,c , N.Mesrati2,d, D.Tréheux 1,e 1 Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes, UMR CNRS ECL ENISE ENSMSE 5513, École Centrale de Lyon, 69134 Ecully cedex (France). 2 Laboratoire de Sciences et Génie des Matériaux, École Nationale Polytechnique d'Alger. 10, avenue de Hassen Badi EL harrach Alger (Algérie). 3 IFP, BP 3-69360 Solaize (France).
Liang and al. [14] have proposed an universal indentation equation allowing the direct calculation of KIC for both median and Plamqvist cracks.
Interfacial science in ceramic joining, A bellosi et al.

Youssef et al. [10] made a study that focused on the performance investigation of small photovoltaic (PV) systems consisting of ten modules or fewer under partial shading (PS) conditions.
Diemuodeke et al. [13] created a daily load profile estimate for Abonnema and he did by daily recording the average energy requirement of the household.
El-Sharkawi, “Pareto Multi Objective Optimization,” 2005.

Catalyst Preparation 5 g of ZSM-5 zeolite (ammonium) with Si:Al ratio of 30:1 from Alfa Aesar was used as a support catalyst for all of the catalyst synthesised.
ZSM-5 shows the characteristic peaks associated to ZSM-5 with Al:Si ratio of 30 (JCPDS No. 00-044-0002).
El-Rub, Z.Y.

. %) of A70 Element Cu V Mn Si Fe Zn Ti Mg Al Wt.% 0.04% 0.05% 0.03% 0.2% 0.25% 0.04% 0.03% 0.03% 99.7% Gravimetric analysis Gravimetric analysis of GT and MR inhibition on A70 was executed at 24 h hiatus for a total of 504 h of exposure.
Vasile, Influence of heat treatment on microstructure and corrosion behaviour of 7 series Al alloys, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Manufacturing Engineering, Quality and Production Systems (MEQAPS'10).
El Abedin, Role of chromate, molybdate and tungstate anions on the inhibition of aluminiumin chloride solutions, J. 

The ultimate analysis of char was done by Elemental Vario EL for carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen content; bulk sulfur content was measured by Coulomb method (Testing Standard of China: GB214-77); the oxygen content of char was obtained by difference.
[6] Finn M J, et al.Fuel Chem 1979;24:9
[7] Occidental Reserch Corporation.Final Peport on DOE Contract No.Ex-76-C-01-2244,1979 [8] Fillo J P.DOE/ET/10249-101,1979 [9] Sharkey A G et al.Fuel 1962;44:359

For example, in Nsouli et al 2006 and 2010 we demonstrated the ability of IBA techniques to quantify AI(s) in drugs which their heterogonous matrices have a very similar elemental composition as the AI in question.
Thus, its quantification using PIXE technique (for detection of Cl) is very similar to the work presented in Nsouli et al 2006 and 2010 (direct quantification using an external standard).
El-Yazbi and M.

Extended workflow process definition language (EWPDL) (Zhao Wen, Hu Wenhui, et al., 2003) is used here as workflow definition language, We will discuss other sub-model definition language： Organizational structure has many organizational units.
References [1] Zhao Wen, Hu Wenhui, et al. (2003), Workflow Meta-model and Its Application (in Chinese) ， Software Bulletin， Vol.14, No.6, 2003,1052-1059 [2] El-Sayed Abou-Zeid (2002), A knowledge management reference model[J],Journal of Knowledge Management, Volume 6 .

(Perforated type), 150g/cm 2 Rudolph Auto EL-III 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60min Mitutoyo SJ-301 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
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Results and Discussion As stated before, the roughness of the pad surface is one of the most important factors that influence the removal rate of the thin film since the real contact area and the real contact pressure is determined by both the height distribution and the radius of the asperities of the pad, as stated by Yu et.al [8].
Obeng et al: Chemical Mechanical Planarization V - Electrochemical Society Proceedings, Vol. 1 (2002), p. 13

Simoneau et al. discussed the grain boundary effect in medium carbon steels, and he found the different grain deformation in cutting chip [7].
Lee et al. discussed material induced vibration, which is caused by the changing crystallography of the material substrate [8, 9].
Table 1: Chemical composition Items Composition % Carbon (C) 0.06 Silicone (Si) 0.4 Manganese (Mn) 1.09 Phosphorus (P) 0.03 Sulfur (S) 0.004 Nickel (Ni) 8.03 Chromium (Cr) 18.02 (a) Normal Grain (b) Ultra fine grain stainless steel 2 Fig. 3: Grain conditions Table 2: Mechanical properties of materials Items UFGSS1 UFGSS2 UFGSS4 Normal Hardness (HV) 400 300 285 260 TS (N/mm2) RD 1266 909 928 919 TD 1483 915 935 880 EL (%) RD 16.1 46.8 47.5 42.5 TD 3.6 47.5 49.0 46.4 Grain Seize (mm) 0.45 1.10 5.60 9.10 RD: Rolling direction TD: transverse direction However, study of grain size influence on other processes and product functions based on various grain size materials are limited because the size of bulk material with ultra fine grain was too small for the study.