Search results

All paths are formulaic for the dimension of the core has been parameterized and the reduction of magnetic motive force between A and B can be presented as (3) (4) Where, function H1 is the nonlinear relationship between magnetic field intensity and magnetic flux density about the out wall, H2 and H3 is the nonlinear relationship between magnetic field intensity and magnetic flux density about MR fluid and armature respectively.
Based on the principle which total magnetic flux is unchangeable, the reduction of magnetic motive force presented as formula (3) and (4) should be equivalent.
Based on the principle of magnetic circle, the total reduction of magnetic motive force can be presented as the sum between the reductions of magnetic motive force in and out of the core, that is (6) Where, function H4 is the nonlinear relationship between magnetic field intensity and magnetic flux density about the core.
The damper and the experiment data under one of the experimental conditions have been shown in Fig. 4.
Prototype and the experiment data Summary A problem about MR damper design has been discussed in the article.

The data points for uncoated specimens fit on the line while for the coated specimens we have a bigger dispersion of the results as shown by Eq. 2 for uncoated and Eq.3 for coated specimens: S = -28.39 logN + 418.45 (R2 = 0.9533) (2) S = -8.59 logN + 279.79 (R2 = 0.6162)
This reduction decreases for higher number of cycles and shows an intersection with the uncoated specimens at 1E+7 cycles.
The reduction for 2E+5 cycles is due to the applied thermal load which modifies the mechanical features [8] and the premature cracking of the coating do to the high deformations [10].
The useful contribution of the residual stresses can be also seen in the small slope of the DLC data for 7075-T6 already explained for steel substrates in [10].
This behavior is in contrast with [8] and [9] where a substantial delamination for applied stresses higher than 200 MPa occurred with a consequent reduction of the fatigue resistance.

Major advantages of high-speed machining are high material removal rates, the reduction in lead times, low cutting forces, dissipation of heat with chip removal resulting in decrease in workpiece distortion and increase part precision and surface finish.
Table 1 Chemical composition and hardness of the workpiece material Chemical composition [mass%] Hardness [HB] Workpiece material C Si Mn S P Cr Fe HT 200 3.12 1.8 0.72 0.11 0.1 0.058 Balance 206 Table 2 Tool geometry and cutting conditions Cutting conditions Parameters Axial rake angle -5° Radial rake angle -7° Feed per tooth [mm/z] 0.1 Cutting width [mm] 5 Depth of cut [mm] 0.5 Number of tooth single Approach angle 75° milling cutter tool wear measurement work table data processing spindle workpiece dynamometer amplifier cutting force measurement Fz Fy Fx Fz Fy Fx D/A board Fig.1 Experimental set-up Results and Discussions Tool Wear.
Knowledge and data on the cutting forces are required not only for the design of machine tools and cutting tools, but also for the determination of cutting conditions for machining operations, especially for the programming of high speed machining.
With cutting speed greater than 900 m/min, a reduction of all the three cutting force components are observed.
As cutting speed increases greater than the critical values, a reduction of cutting force has been observed.

But in fact many design problems depend on multi-dimensional population data, which are multi-dimensional random variables and follow certain distribution laws.
In order to meet target design confidence level, required human data should be based on their distribution characteristics [8].
Motor driving force, reduction ratio, and spring parameters would be determined after all structural dimensions had been fixed.
Therefore, worm reduction motor would be preferred with advantages of compact structure, smooth running and low noise.
Types of reduction motors could be determined based on above calculations

One way for production of metallic alloys is powder metallurgy (PM) that is an excellent tool for the near net-shape fabrication of surgical implants due to some inherent advantages, including the capability of precisely adjusting chemical compositions, feasibility, modulus reduction through the inclusion of pores and also and reduction of costs [1].
The XRD patterns were compared with the database PDF-2 of the International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD).
The significant reduction in D50% is due increased milling time and consequently greater number of collisions (impact) between the balls of crucible and the alloy particles promoting the breakage of larger particles by processes as microforging, fracture, agglomeration and deagglomeration [9].
milling Time [h] D10% [µm] D50% [µm] D90% [µm] 2 10.60 39.7 94.10 6 3.20 9.0 15.9 10 1.4 4.6 9.10 The variation green density of samples is in Fig. 3, as seen there is decrease on density due the reduction on particle size.
The treatment applied in samples with 10 milling hours exhibit modulus and hardness according data of ti-13Nb-13-Zr alloy, density of 90.44 % of theoretical density and smaller porosity.

In the case of the tempering temperature at or above 723 K, the data approaches those of single crystals.
The increase of the ratio indicates a significant reduction of the grain boundary effect on the martensite.
The reduction of the grain boundary effect corresponds to a decrease in the second term of the Hall-Petch relation that is composed of the grain size term d -n and the locking parameter k.
Thus, the significant increase of the ratio Hn/Hv corresponding to the reduction of the grain boundary effect at 723 K is mainly attributed to the disappearance of the film-like cementite on the boundaries.
In this way, a rocking parameter k can be semiquantitatively evaluated using data of nanohardness and grain size for just one sample without changing a grain size to have a Hall-Petch plot.

In each case, spectrum data have been analyzed depending on temperature changes (5℃, room temperature, 60℃), and transmittance and reflectance have been measured.
In terms of load reduction, the absorber Low-E glass was more efficient than transparent pair glass.
In the triple models (Models 3 and 4), high reduction rates (30% or above) were detected.
Compared to the low-E pair glass (1.7W/㎡·K of insulation efficiency, SHGC 0.5), the load reduction was 20.3%.
In addition, the high-efficiency glass exceeded low-E pair glass in terms of the reduction of load.

Boland defined the pollution pricing as: a means of monetary stimulus provided spontaneously to the polluters’ non-compulsive behavior to improve the environmental Paolo (1995, 2001) carried out a research on this issue, based on research of Nash (1978), Oldfield and Bly (1988), considered the maximization of the fuel consumption reduction as the objective function to optimize public transport services[3,4].
According to the empirical data and general conclusions on the exhaust emissions and speed made by H.
Based on this idea, considers the reduction of urban traffic pollution, and regards the maximization of the user surplus as traffic management objective, and meanwhile, consider the strategies of congestion pricing, bus fare, and road congestion pricing revenue is used for road expansion or public transport.
The road network, related data, O-D matrix and traffic demand of every travel mode can be obtained from reference [14].
The model reveals how to induce traffic travel behavior, and thus the reduction of the traffic environmental pollution management, with private transportation air pollution pricing, congestion pricing, bus fee and pricing revenue redistribution.

Developments of construction require a reduction of building time, improvement of working efficiency and quality.
Data presented in Table 2.
Name / period Cargo-passenger hoist Cargo hoist Full period of equipment operation for the 15-storey building,months 6 6,5 Full period of equipment operation for the 15-storey building,shifts 248 270 Full period of equipment operation for the 25-storey building,months 9 9,5 Full period of equipment operation for the 25-storey building,shifts 372 394 [25] Based on data in tables 1, 2 and 3 total expenses were calculated for each equipment.
[18] Sorensen, K.L., Singhose, W., Dickerson, S.A., Controller enabling precise positioning and sway reduction in bridge and gantry cranes (2007) Control Engineering Practice, Vol. 15, 7, pp. 825-837
[22] Sorensen, K.L., Singhose, W., Dickerson, S.A., Controller enabling precise positioning and sway reduction in bridge and gantry cranes (2007) Control Engineering Practice, Vol. 15, 7, pp. 825-837

The purpose of this paper is to reveal the deformation mechanism of burn resistant titanium alloy (Ti-35V-15Cr-Si-C) at the elevated temperatures by studying of the flow behavior and microstructure evolution of differently hot compressed samples, based on compression testing data of as-cast and as-extruded burn resistant titanium alloy.
The height reduction is 50%.
Fig.3 Cracking in as-cast state alloy, occurring at 1s-1 and 0.01s-1, 50% reduction Fig.4 Cracking in as-extrude state alloy, occurring at 1s-1, 50% reduction Hot deformation activation energy The work-hardening and softening of alloys occur at the same time and compete between contenting aspects during hot deformation.
The work-hardening is a phenomenon that flow stress increases with increment of the upset reduction, because of pile-up of dislocation forms around original grain boundaries and carbide branches.
The Arrhenius hyperbolic sine equation can be written in the form: (6) The solution formula of the deformation activation energy can be obtained from Eq.(6) (7) Since the peak flow stress σp and strain rate and deformation temperature T are known based on hot compression testing data, using Eq.(3) and Eq.(4) and Eq.(6), the parameter of k and n1 can be obtained by linear fitting, and deformation activation energies can be calculated.