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Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by Technological Research and Development Programs of the Ministry of Railways（2007G028), Technological Research and Development Programs of the Ministry of Railways, No. 2008G015-A, and The Natural Science Foundation of Hebei province under Grant No.
References [1] Ministry of Railways of the People's Republic of China: Code for Rating Existing Railway Bridges(China railway publishing house, Beijing 2004) (in Chinese) [2] Jianzhong Li and Mubiao Su: Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 224(5)( 1999), p.897 [3] J.Y.
Su: Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 243-249(2011), p.1968 [4] Ren Jian-ying, Li Hua, Su Mu-biao:Railway Standard Design, (3) (2005), p.59 (in Chinese) [5] Ren Jian-ying, Li Wen-ping, Su Mu-biao: Journal of National Defence Traffic Engineering and Technology, (5) (2004),p. 24(in Chinese)

Studies on CCD On-Line Detection in Curve Grinding Yonghong Zhang1, a, Huiqiang Tang1, b, Quanlin Bu2,c and Dejin Hu2,d 1 Department of Information & Communication, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, China 2 School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University a nuist_zyh@yahoo.com.cn, bthq@jlonline.com, cqlbu@yahoo.com.cn, ddjhu@sjtu.edu.cn Keywords: Circular tolerance zone; Curve grinding; CCD; Edge localization; Sub-pixel; Wear; Error compensation.
Mou: International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 19 (2002), p. 14
[3] Pawel Lezanski: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 109 (2001), p. 258

The Study on Preparation Process Optimization of Ceramic Membrane Layer Lu Long1,2, a, FENG Guang-guang 3,b 1 Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang Jiangsu 222005, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing 400044, China 3 Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China alulong62@163.com, bfengxg1987@163.com Keywords: multi arc ion plating; ion nitriding; preparation technology Abstract.
Introduction Because of the synthetic excellent mechanical properties of high hardness, low friction coefficient, high temperature resistance, (Ti, Al) N film is one of the most widely used film materials on the process research and application.[1-6] Many experts and scholars at home and abroad for its single process parameters (such as: arc current, substrate negative bias, transition layer type and thickness, nitrogen and argon gas partial pressure of the magnetic field strength, target based distance, temperature, etc.) has done a lot of testing and analysis on the impact of the hardness of titanium nitride film and film and substrate binding force.[7-10] But, the links between the various process parameters and the relationship between primary and secondary effects of titanium nitride films have rarely been reported.
[3] Qian Wenfu, Cao Xingjin, Lu Long et al: Journal of Chongqing University.
[5] Valvoda V: Journal of Alloys and Compounds.

Research of Supporting Platform of Machine Olfaction Hua Fang1,2,a,Yunxiang Liu1,2,b *,Wanjun Yu1,2,Wenju Li1,2,Minglei Shu1,2 1Shanghai institute of technology, School of computer science and information engineering, Shanghai, 201418, China 2Shanghai institute of technology, Research center of machine olfaction, Shanghai, 201418, China afanghua@sit.edu.cn, byxliu@sit.edu.cn Keywords: machine olfaction, gas sensor array, simulation template, supporting platform Abstract.
Nanomaterials of conjugated polymers are found to have superior performance relative to conventional materials due to much larger exposed surface area [3]. 
IEEE Sensors Journal, vol.13 (2013), p1329-1339
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AE is a physical phenomenon used to describe stress waves when strain energy is released rapidly due to the occurrence of micro-structure changes in a material.
The size of the plate was 400×140×10mm, and the material was Q235 (in Chinese standard).
Acknowledgement This work described in this paper was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51175401) and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hydroelectric Machinery Design & Maintenance (China Three Gorges University) (No.2010KJX06).
Zhao: Journal of Vibration and Shock Vol. 26 (6) (2007), p. 157-191 [2] L.Q.
Feng et al: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol. 46 (8) (2010), p. 6-11 [8] M.W.

With the advent of modern materials, the solar energy based power system is becoming one of the most preferred eco friendly power generation concepts in recent years [5].
Pozna, “Simulation of a dual-axis solar tracker for improving the performance of a photovoltaic panel,” Proceedings of the institution of mechanical engineers, Part A: Journal of power and, energy; 2010. p.
Nordvall, “Multilevel inverter topology survey”, Master of Science Thesis in Power Electric Engineering, 2011
Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, vol. 4, issue 3, pp.644–652, Mar. 2014

However, modeling nonlinear friction dynamics is not straightforward manners, since the friction is a result of complex interactions between the surface and near-surface regions of the two interacting materials as well as other substances present such as lubricants.
Acknowledgements Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, ID50875042.
Chai: Journal of Systems Engineering, 2005, 20 (5), pp.497−503.
Liu: Journal of Northeastern University, 2008, 29 (4), pp.497−500.

Effective Algorithm for Inner Forces Influence Surface of Hexahedral Elements Models Xiaoyong Zhou1, a, Na Li2, b ,Bingshuang Xu1, c 1China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; 2 HuaZhong University of Science & Technology WenHua College Wuhan, China axyzts@163com, bxyzlina@QQ.com, cdaphne.2007.0908@163.com Keywords: bridge engineering; effective algorithm; virtual work principle; hexahedral element; influence surface of inner forces Abstract.
S matrix on the sub-matrix Si for common form is [5]: (1) .They are all elastic matrix coefficients and only associated with the material type.
The matrix form is Jacobi Matrix： (2) In determining the displacement shape functions, the geometry of the unit, Jacobi Matrix and the material, we can also uniquely confirm the stress matrix S.
[6] Shizhong Liu, Hui Wu: China Journal of Highway and Transport, Vol. 7, No.4 (2007), P.71-75 [7] Hongjiang Li, Jianshu Ye: Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Vol. 4, No.2 (2004), p.23-27 [8] Qingyao Han, Yunfeng Dong and Xianghong Shi: Coal Mine Machinery, Vol. 1 (2007), p.44-46

Acknowledgement This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China under Grants 50425721, 50737001 and 50677029.
Kato, et al: Journal of the European Ceramic Society.
Mantas, et al: Journal of the European Ceramic Society Vol.21 (2001), p.1883
Han: Materials Letters.

(Xu et al,2011) [6] established single-phase unstable flow model and the two phase unstable flow model considering threshold pressure gradient in the condition of single rate and constant bottom-hole pressure, and combined with the material balance principle and move boundary theory, the analytical methods for solving nonlinear flow models were established.
Symbols p0—Original pressure(MPa) pe—Supply boundary pressure(MPa) pwf—Bottom-hole flowing pressure(MPa) pf—Water/oil front pressure(MPa) r0—Saturation original distribution radius(m) rf—Oil-water front radius(m) sw0—Initial water saturation(f) swf—Oil -water front saturation(f) q—output(m3/s) Kw—Water phase permeability(10-3μm2) Ko—Oil phase permeability(10-3μm2) r—The distance from the borehole(m) μw—Water phase viscosity(mPa·s) μo—Oil phase viscosity(mPa·s) G—Threshold pressure radient( MPa/m) fw（Sw）—Water cut function(f) —Water cut derivative functions(f) —Porosity(f) ρo—Oil density(g/cm3) swi- Bound water saturation(f) Acknowledgements This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China which serial number is 51074035.
This work is also financially supported by the Major Projects of National Science and Technology of China which serial numbers are 2011ZX05010-002-05 and 2011ZX05052-12.
Threshold gradient for water flow in clay systems [J].Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, 1963, 27(6):605-609.
Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 1999, 22(4):237-240.