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Fig. 1 Microstructure of Al base alloy Fig. 2 Microstructure of aged modified alloy Aging and Hardness Data.
Fig.6 Hardness of alloy in this study compared with that of previous studies Wear and CoF Data.
Thus 96% reduction in the wear rate is obtained for aged Ni added alloy compared to the base alloy.
This reduction in wear rate is due to the precipitation hardening effect.
· 96% reduction in the wear rate is obtained for aged Ni added alloy compared to the base alloy

The measurements were carried out eight times for each specimen to obtain average data, and the thickness was recorded to an accuracy of 0.3 nm.
These accumulations can be eliminated by control experimental conditions such as the time, the concentration etc. 410 405 400 395 390 4600 4800 5000 5200 5400 5600 5800 6000 6200 6400 6600 Data: Data1_B Model: Gauss Equation: y=y0 + (A/(w*sqrt(PI/2)))*exp(-2*((x-xc)/w)^2) Weighting: y No weighting Chi^2/DoF = 6402.53488 R^2 = 0.96339 y0 4977.952 ?
These are demonstrated that the PAMAM (G4.0)-SAMs possess excellent friction-reduction and wear resistant property.
The superior friction-reduction and wear life can be attributed to good adhesion of the film to the substrate and the special stucture of the PAMAM(G4.0) molecule.
We have prepared a PAMAM (G4.0) -SAMs on a silicon (100) wafer successfully and finds it possesses excellent friction-reduction and wear resistant property.

It consists of torque sensor of steering wheel, speed sensor, angle sensor of steering wheel, current sensor of motor, voltage sensor of motor, ECU, DC motor, worm reduction mechanism, etc.
The assisting torque is amplified by worm reduction mechanism and acts on the screw shaft of the recirculating ball-type steering box.
Fig.1 The structure of electric power steering system for electric power bus 1.steering wheel 2.angle sensor 3.torque sensor 4. recirculating ball-type steering box 5.worm reduction mechanism 6.steering rocker 7.steering tie rod 8.wheel Modeling of EPS The Model of Mechanical Steering System and Motor.
Fig.6 Torque –Angle Fig.7 Torque of steering wheel –time Verification of Simulation Model To ensure the correctness of EPS model, the EPS model should be verified by the data of test.
The simulation model consists of model of driver, model of mechanical system and motor. (2)The test of frequency sweep is carried out and the simulation model of EPS is verified by the data of test.(3) Simulation research of basic assisting characteristic is carried out by the simulation model.

Moreover, we demonstrated that POA in a pure N2 ambient (N2-POA) at a temperature above 1350°C leads to an incorporation of nitrogen atom into SiO2/SiC interface and thus results in reduction of interface state densities (Dit) [3].
It should be noted that in the case of N2-POA, a clear N 1s signal was obtained even for as-treated thick SiO2 (~14 nm) surface (data not shown) and for the slightly etched surface with SiO2 thickness of ~9 nm (Fig. 2(d)).
Furthermore, a reduction of N 1s intensity after complete removal of SiO2 was almost negligible for NO10.
The complete removal of the SiO2 layer results in an apparent reduction of N signal (closed symbols), suggesting that interfacial N atoms are located not only at the SiC side but also at the SiO2 side.
Moreover, a clear N 1s peak was detected on a 14-nm-thick SiO2 surface from an XPS measurement taken right after N2-POA was conducted (data not shown).

Viscous damping wall vibration reduction damping force mainly by the viscous damping material with built-steel to provide the level of shear, which can be obtained in parallel with numerous viscous damper in the horizontal direction, according to this characteristic, this article adopts the way of more viscous dampers in parallel to simulate the viscous damping wall vibration control [4].
Then the dynamic time history analysis was carried out on the case 3, compared non-control data with case 3 vibration data under the same seismic waves, contrastive analysis of the control points as bellow.
Conclusion (1)Through the contrastive analysis of the various control points under different working conditions, structures of the lateral displacement of each control point, relative speed, interlayer displacement and bending moment of the bottom bar are greatly reduced after additional viscous damping wall, it has played a significant effect of vibration reduction
(3)Under the different seismic wave spectrum characteristics, additional viscous damping wall building structure is not only the control point maximum response value can get better control, and throughout the duration of seismic wave has the significant effect of vibration reduction.

Continuatively as seen in Fig. 1 and Tab. 1 the flow curve approximation of Swift returns the best fitting with the experimental data of the steel DC06.
Both models (Hill`48 and Yld2000-2d) do not fit exactly the experimental result of the shear test`s initial condition, but in direct comparison Hill`s model is closer on the experimental data of the material DC06 as the yield criterion of Barlat.
By regarding the deviation of the experimental data to the yield criterion this is an effective method to determine the best fitted yield model for the given material on the one hand and to analyze the hardening behavior of the material under non-linear strain paths on the other hand.
This reduction is enlarged with increasing prestrain.
A software tool extracts the parameters of the yield criteria for the given experimental data and compares the yield stress of the prestrained shear test with the corresponding locus on the yield function with isotropic work-hardening.

Data analysis result shows that the number of process can be reduce to 5 from 7.
Observation and collecting data is needed.
The complete field data collection will be taken before it will be used for data analysis.
Then the result from the data testing will be determined whether the result can be used or not and if there are any incomplete data, again the data collection will be executed until it fulfills the objective requirement.
Data Analysis: After all data was collected, analyse the data thoroughly for each work process based on systematic observation and the process chart, which recorded all the relevant facts about the work process.

The thresholds and the time-granularity of the data were cross-compared to choose appropriate threshold and data time interval, and the result is 95 percent of peak hour volume under 10min interval data.
Another factor affect the judgment is the data time granularity.
Data Processing.
Thus the peak period was located from the time-series of the archived volume data.
Cross-Comparison of Thresholds and Data Time Granularity.

Electrochemical data based on EIS, SWV and CV revealed that the Pt/Pd(100)Ru electrode showed a better conductivity and higher catalytic response towards ammonia electrooxidation compared to Pt/Pd(100) electrode.
UV-vis was used to identify the reduction of Pd ions (+2) to Pd metal (0).
The EASAs of the electrodes were calculated by determining the charge used in the reduction of palladium (II) oxide into palladium metal.
A theoretical charge density value of 405 μC cm−2 is considered for the reduction of a PdO monolayer.
The voltammetric response of the modified platinum electrode in the absence of ammonia is depicted in Fig. 8 (red curve) where a strong reduction peak was observed at around the potential of ≈ -0.4 V, attributed to the reduction of Pd(II) oxide into elemental Pd.

Moreover, the efficiency of energy saving and emission reduction in water transport is constantly highlighted and water safety situation is further improved.
Third, environmental benefit, marine energy conservation and emission reduction of ships embodied the environmental benefits of water transport.
Europe, the United States and other developed countries have taken carbon emissions as futures trading. [4] Marine energy conservation and emission reduction can bring real economic benefits.
Waterborne statistic data and reports can be used as the base, since the assessment "expedite Chongqing "construction for three years, is considerable.
Table 3 The social contributions of waterborne safety from 2008 to 2010 in Chongqing Year 2008 2009 2010 The safety value equivalents of water transport in Chongqing (one hundred million yuan ) 2.2974 1.8662 2.4755 3.2.3 Environmental benefit Energy saving benefit = average energy consumption reduction x total freight turnover volume x diesel unit price Emission reduction benefits = average energy consumption reduction x Freight Turnover Volume x equivalent ratio of standard coal by diesel x equivalent ratio of Co2 by C x Co2 trading unit price Among them: equivalent ratio of standard coal by diesel is 1.457 National Standard of diesel equivalent to standard coal GB/T 2589-2008), the trading unit price of CO2 adopts the carbon futures offer of the European Union emission permits (EUA) charged by European Climate Exchange ( EDX ).