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In addition, because the lab workers use the animals with no full welfare safeguard, the scientific nature of the experimental data is often questioned.
However, in the process of carrying out pharmaceutical animal experiments, how to guarantee the safety of researchers and laboratory research environments, how to ensure the scientific nature of the animal experiment data and its available degree in human medicine research and development can’t be ignored, and it is very vital.
Reduction means that it can be gotten the same or more test data, using a small amount of animals or a certain amount of the animals.
Both the data from these methods and the experimental animals can be confirmed.
For refinement, it can make the process more scientific and the experimental data more reliable

It is a building (APM), the structure, equipment (water WPM, warm HPM, electric EPM, air conditioning CPM), budget estimate (STAT) and construction in one large integrated CAD design system, both between the various modules for data conversion, interface, can be used alone.
(3) Cycle reduction factor.
Cycle reduction is mandatory provisions, but by how much is not a mandatory provision, which requires careful consideration in the reduction time, neither too much nor too little, because the reduction not only affect the internal force reduction, but also affect the structure of the displacement.
The item 3.3.17 of JGJ3-2002 also requires that when a non-bearing wall is filled with brick walls, the high-rise building structure calculation of the natural cycle of reduction factor, according to the following provisions of values: frame 0.6-0.7; frame-shear wall 0.7-0.8; wall structure 0.9-1.0; short column shear 0.8-0.9.

Electropolymerized 8-hydroxyquinoline films can act as reducing reagents for the reduction of Au(III) to Au nanoparticles.
In the presence of Zn2+, Cd2+, Mg2+, or Pb2+ ions, the reduction of Au(III) was inhibited.
In the second reverse sweep segment, no cathodic peak was observed, indicating the absence of polymer reduction, i.e. irreversible passivation.
As expected, no such peak was observed for the 8-Hq/ITO electrode (data not shown).
The metal ions Zn2+, Cd2+, Mg2+, and Pb2+ could impede the reduction of Au(III) by the electropolymerized 8-Hq films.

The procedure was following: Molten iron→converter→LF furnace→continuous casting→cooling→heating→descaling→rough rolling→finish rolling→controlled colling→straightening and leveling→cooling bed → cooling in heap→inspection The main factors determining the microstructure and properties of steel are the temperature range of the two stages of rolling, the intensity of cooling, the reduction of the temperature range, the fractional nature of deformation in the rolling stages, the final rolling temperature, and the cooling temperature.
The reduction rate at roughing was more than 12%, the accumulating reduction rate during the second stage was more than 60% and the accumulating reduction rate during the final three passes were more than 40%.
The area reduction along thickness was over 50%, which was distinctly higher than 35% required by any other classification society.
The strain age testing was conducted in the following conditions: five percent reduction and aged at 250 ℃ for 1h.The test temperature was -60 ℃.
The data proved the excellent toughness at any part of the plate and the uniform cooling of aged steel plate.

Therefore, pre-reduction of samples is necessary for the determination of total Sb content[2].
The most common pre-reduction involves the addition of thiourea and ascorbic acid reagent.
Previous results indicate that a mixture of KI and ascorbic acid provides an effective reduction to the trivalent oxidation states after a pre-reduction time of 30 min.
The use of thiourea also can enhance an effective reduction.
Table 2 Calibration data for each analyte studied Analyte Sb Bi Concentration range (μg/l) 0–10 0–10 Equation of fit y=-2.65+276.9x y=1.76+198.7x Linear correlation co-efficient (r) 0.9999 0.9998 Detection limit The LOD values,calculated as three times the standard deviation of ten blank signal measurements divided by the slope of the calibration line.

Introduction The semiconductor industry has exploited productivity improvements through aggressive feature size reduction for over four decades [1].
In contrast, the Fig.6 shows the pixel information after noise reduction.
For image whose edges have sudden changes, the single line data chosed from whole SEM image is presented in Fig.8.
In contrast, the pixel information after noise reduction is presented in Fig.9.
Fig.5 Pixel information of original image Fig.6 Pixel information noise reduction Fig.7.

The experimental data was firstly processed utilizing the method of multi-factorial total probability formula evaluation.
Connecting with the practice of production site, the weights of IS, RS, HS, SS and TS were select to be 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.1 and 0.3 respectively. 2.2 Experimental analysis Statistics and regression analysis in Minitab 16 were used to process data.
So the cost reduction of the new formula is obvious in general.
Organic matter easily decomposes at high temperature, so C1 and C2 are significant to the high temperature performance, which is also shown by the data of Table 3.
Low-cost carbon-based briquettes for the reduction of NO emissions: Optimal preparation procedure and influence in operating conditions[J].

DADS human body model schematic1 The reason for developing a dynamic model to simulate the rig was to help analyse the data from the experiments and to determine the difference between having a bicycle fixed at the front as it is on the rig and a bicycle that is allowed freedom of movement at the front hub.
Summary of Mean Measured Vertical Handlebar Accelerations Bump No Bump Bicycle Hard tail Suspension Hard tail Suspension Pedal force data (Newtons) Max. pedal force 253.81 131.32 126.32 92.15 Min. pedal force -0.31 -2.95 23.65 26.33 Force range 254.12 134.27 102.67 65.82 Mean pedal force 124.24 65.24 80.20 63.97 Diff. in max. 122.49 34.17 pedal force s =32.60 P < 0.1% s = 36.96 P = 1.6% Diff. in min. 2.64 -2.69 pedal force s =8.15 P > 10% s = 6.32 P > 10% Diff. in force 119.85 36.85 range s =28.095 P < 0.1% s =35.84 P = 1.0% Diff. in mean 59.00 16.23 pedal force s =19.32 P < 0.1% s =20.55 P = 2.8% Table 3.
To analyze the bump impact data plotted against time, time intervals were calculated for specific events.
On average, 35% reduction in maximum vertical handlebar acceleration was recorded, with 56% reduction in maximum vertical saddle impact acceleration and 21% reduction in maximum vertical saddle landing deceleration.
Table 4 shows a 20% reduction in maximum vertical saddle impact acceleration and a 52% reduction in maximum vertical saddle landing acceleration for the SU compared to the HT bike.

The VISION software was used for data acquisition and CASAXPS software for data analysis.
Data acquisition was performed with a pressure lower than 1x10-6 Pa and it was used a charge neutralization system.
The number of CFU was counted and the results were presented as log reduction.
The untreated sample showed a log reduction of 2.23±0.06 and 3.40±0.34 against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively, and the DBD plasma-treated sample showed a log reduction of 2.83±0.08 in S. aureus and the complete reduction of E. coli.
Park, Formation of human hair-Ag nanoparticle composites via thermal and photo-reduction: A comparison study, Colloids Surf.

Pollutant concentration information is provided by Bengbu environment monitoring station, monitoring of river pollutant concentration data is daily average density in the city.
The data get from Bengbu city four automatic monitoring stations.
Data from 2009 January ~ December.
Water quality data get from Bengbu environmental protection bureau environmental monitoring station.
This paper makes use of wavelet theory to water environment monitoring data for analysis.