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In order to prevent the piezoelectric material from brittle fracture during the manufacture process, usually the piezoelectric materials and other materials are combined into a composite layered structure[1].
With the development of the materials’ diversification, the components are no longer limited to isotropic materials.
The materials used in numerical calculation are listed in Table 1.
Journal of Shijiazhuang Railway Institute(Natural Science), 2008, 21(3): 4-8
Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2012, 31(21): 152-155.

The materials of the lower sheet flow into the die and the rivet shank flares, thus forming a mechanical interlock between the substrates.
Ship Science and Technology Vol.31(2009), P. 110, in Chinese
[3] Pickin C G, Young K, Tuersley I: Materials and Design Vol.28(2007), P.2361 [4] Abe Y, Kato T, Mori K: Journal of Material Processing Technology Vol.177(2006), P. 417 [5] He Xiaocong, Peason Ian, Young Ken: Mater Process Technology Vol.199(2008), P. 27 [6] X.C.
[7] He Xiaocong: Sci Res Essays Vol.6(2011), P. 6850 [8] He X C, Pearson I, Young K:Journal of Material Processing Technology Vol.199(2008), P. 27 [9] B.Y.
ZENG: Materials Review Vol.2(2013), P. 135, in Chinese.

The Correlation between Hardness and Yield Strength of Hard Materials L.J.
Clegg 1,b 1 Ceramics Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK a ljmv2@cam.ac.uk, bwjc1000@cam.ac.uk Keywords: Nano-indentation.
The treatment also allows explaining the effect of indenter geometry on measured hardness for such materials.
Introduction Hardness testing is a straightforward way to characterise the mechanical properties of hard, brittle materials.
Padmanabhan, Journal of Materials Science Vol. 26 (20) (1991), p. 5481

Alexandrov, Bulk nanostructured materials from severe plastic deformation, Progress in Materials Science 45 (2000) 103-187
Langdon, The influence of grain size and strain rate on the mechanical behavior of pure magnesium, Journal of Materials Science 51(6) (2016) 3013-3024
Langdon, Developing superplasticity in a magnesium AZ31 alloy by ECAP, Journal of Materials Science 43(23-24) (2008) 7366-7371
Langdon, Effect of severe plastic deformation on the biocompatibility and corrosion rate of pure magnesium, Journal of Materials Science 52(10) (2017) 5992-6003
Seop Kim, Recycling of AlSi8Cu3 alloy chips via high pressure torsion, Materials Science and Engineering: A 560 (2013) 121-128

Covalent carbide is referring to covalent bonded materials.
Callister: Materials Science and Engineering an Inroduction, 6th ed.
Ramchandrarao: Journal of Materials Research, Vol.14 (1999), p. 3594
C.Kwon: Journal of Materials Science, Vol.39 (2004), p. 1041
[7] Q.C.Jiang, F.Zhao, H.Y.Wang and Z.Q.Zhang: Journal of Materials Letters, Vol 59 (2005), p.2034.

Research is now directed towards finding an alternative acoustic absorber made from natural materials.
Experimental study on natural fibers for green acoustic absorption materials.
American Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(10)(2013) 1307-1314
Adachi, The development of sound absorbing materials using natural bamboo fibers.
High Performance Structures and Materials, 4(2002) 157–166

Zhang, et al., Characterization of the oxide particles in Al-added high-Cr ODS ferritic steels, Journal of Nuclear Materials 417 (2011) 221-224
Chou, Recrystallization behaviour and grain structure in mechanically alloyed oxide dispersion strengthened MA 956 steel, Materials Science and Engineering A 223 (1997) 78-90
Baldev, et al., Building on knowledge base of sodium cooled fast spectrum reactors to develop materials technology for fusion reactors, Journal of Nuclear Materials 386-388 (2009) 935-943
Commin, et al., Characterization of ODS (Oxide Dispersion Strengthened) Eurofer dissimilar electron beam welds, Journal of Nuclear Materials.
Rieth, et al., Specific welds for test blanket modules, Journal of Nuclear Materials 386-388 (2009) 471-474

Great improvement of ZnO electrospun nanofibers had been achieved in the application of solar cell, sensor, photo catalytic activity, detector etc. in past five years, which demonstrated ZnO electrospun nanofibers as a novel 1D semiconductive materials have a huge application potential [8-11].
Acknowledgement This work was financial supported under the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant No. 51102161.
Shter, Ossama Assad, and Hossam Haick, Structure and electrical properties of single Ga/ZnO nanofibers synthesized by electrospinning, Journal of Material Research Society. 27 (2012) 1672-1678
[11] Wei Tian, Tianyou Zhai, Chao Zhang, Song-Lin Li, Xi Wang, Fei Liu, Dequan Liu, Xingke Cai, Kazuhito Tsukagoshi, Dmitri Golberg, and Yoshio Bando, Low-cost fully transparent ultraviolet photodetectors based on electrospun ZnO-SnO2 heterojunction nanofibers, Advanced Materials. 25 (2013) 4625-4630
[15] Puneet Singh, Kunal Mondal, Ashutosh Sharma, Reusable electrospun mesoporous ZnO nanofiber mats for photocatalytic degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon dyes in waste water, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 394 (2013) 208-215

Fig. 2: Chip Micrograph Strain Gradient Plasticity Strain gradient plasticity was developed because the behaviour of materials, and metals especially, can be difficult to explain when plastically deformed over different scales.
We denote X an arbitrarily chosen material point of C.
Anand: A large-deformation strain-gradient theory for isotropic viscoplastic materials, International Journal of Plasticity, 25, 3, (2009), p. 420-453
Deliktas: Mechanics of strain gradient plasticity with particular reference to decomposition of the state variables into energetic and dissipative components, International Journal of Engineering Science, 47, 11-12, (2009), p.1405-1423
Voyiadjis: Determination of the Material Intrinsic Length Scale of Gradient Plasticity Theory, International Journal for Multiscale Computational Engineering, 2, 3, (2004), p. 377-400

Progress in Materials Science, 55 (2010) 759-839
Materials Science and Engineering A, 375-377 (2004) 385-388
Materials Science and Engineering A, 541 (2012)
Materials Science and Engineering A, 369 (2004) 170-180
Materials Science and Engineering A, 416 (2006) 161-168