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Cepinha et al. [3] argue that energy efficiency could easily lead to a reduction by one fifth of the energy consumed in the residential sector implying a reduction of 340 Mt of carbon dioxide.
Data of electricity and gas consumption is present in Table 1.
Embodied energy in concrete represents 70% of the total; therefore, high energy reductions can only occur by lowering the energy in this material.
This means that the mere change of concrete composition would mean a 25% embodied energy reduction.
However, as the legislation on energy efficiency lead to a building sector with minimal energy consumption, further energy reduction can only be achieved by using low embodied energy building materials.

For corrosion analysis the specimens were cut and grinded using SiC sandpaper with gradual reduction of grain size to 1000 grit.
All corrosion resistance data in work are presented relative to the hydrogen reference electrode.
Metal/alloy Potential, V AISI 304 (18% Cr and 8% Ni) 0.36 Fe12Cr 0.2 Ni - 0.28 Cr > 1.0 Ti > 1.0 When considering the mechanism of crevice corrosion, it is necessary to understand that the electrochemical corrosion of metals in neutral media passes via two independent reactions: reduction of protons to hydrogen (Eq. 1-3) and reduction of dissolved oxygen to hydroxyl anions (Eq. 4-6).
Anode dissolution: Me0 → Men++ ne̅ (1) Cathode reduction: 2H+ + 2e ̅→ H2 (2) Corrosion mechanism: nMe0 + nH+ → nMen+ + H2 (3) Anode dissolution: Me0 → Men++ ne̅ (4) Cathode reduction: O2 + 2H2O + 4e ̅→ 4OH- (5) Corrosion mechanism: Me0 + O2 + H2O →Me(OH )n↓ (6) Initially, corrosion occurs evenly over the entire surface of the metal.
There is no oxygen reduction reaction in this region, however, the dissolution of the metal continues.

If the thermal cannot be dissipated in time, the working part will suffer a reduction in strength or even scrap.
The radial grooves have great effect in the reduction of eddy current loss.
When the groove number increases to 4, the data reduced to 35%~50%, and 25%~40% for 6 grooves.
From the simulation results, 2 grooves can also reduce the eddy current loss, but the reduction effect is not obvious.
The further increase of groove number can keep reducing the unit volume eddy current loss, but the pace of reduction slowed markedly.

The percentage K/S reduction of the stains on the finished fabrics was calculated according to Eq. (1).
The existence of TiO2 nanoparticles on the fabric was also confirmed in EDX mode (data not shown).
The results showed that the reduction of K/S values of all three stains on both PET and PLA fabrics finished with TiO2 nanoparticles was more than the unfinished counterparts.
At 72 h, K/S reduction (%) was calculated according to Eq. (1).
While PET and PLA fabrics without TiO2 gave only 52.86 and 47.79 % reduction, respectively.

With the reduction of water through the use of these additives, it is possible to make stronger gypsum mortar that is less porous and harder wearing [1].
Other researchers have noted this improvement in the performance of gypsum mixes, due to the reduction in the water/gypsum ratio, therefore reducing total pore volume and average pore diameter, offering a more compact internal structure [7].
According to the manufacturer's data, the gypsum currently used is 87.66% pure.
This reduction when admixtures are used, with respect to the value of the gypsum without any additive, suggests that interaction between the floccules is lower and, consequently, the fluidity of the mortar should be greater.
This reduction in plastic viscosity indicates that there are fewer floccules or that they are smaller.

Ferrite spinels are a group of ferromagnetic materials with a numerous technological applications, in areas such as biology, electronic, transport and information technology, data store, ferrofluids, soft magnets [2,3], electromagnetic energy absorber [4] and pigments [5] and catalyst [16].
The profile reduction to NiFe2O4 is changed to lowest temperature, indicating that the presence of nickel facilitate the oxide iron reduction.
However, the spinel phase can not reduce the temperature to values inferior to 900oC, as confirmed by integration of the reduction peak area.
So, the peak at 362oC could be interpreted as a superposition of NiO → Ni reduction, that generally appear at 330-420oC [21].
McNicol, in: Temperature Programmed Reduction for Solid Materials Characterization (edited by Marcel Dekker, New York, 1986)

Calculation Result of Maximum Displacement From the data of top floors, the displacement reduction rate of buildings with B. or C. does not always increase with buildings’ total floors increase.
And the reduction ratio is between 20% and 25% by setting constructional column or both of them.
The displacement reduction rate undulates between 6%~33%.
The reason of this reduction is that integral stiffness of constructional column and ring beam compared with that of masonry wall changes with the total storey increases.
And the reduction ratio is between 20% and 25%.

Introduction Rotary forging is an effective method of reduction metal forming to produce a wide range of axisymmetric items [1-3].
Relative reduction is up to 70%.
a)b) Fig. 3 Distribution of accumulated strain in cross-section (first reduction): a – standard anvils e = 0.206; b – special-shaped anvils, e = 0.241 Analysis of the results showed that after the first reduction an extremely inhomogeneous strain state is formed, with the maximum value being observed at the center of the billet (e = 0.241), and regions with values ​​close to zero are observed at the periphery.
Thus, with the same relative reduction (70%), the maximum average values ​​of true strain are e ~ 0.7 (when using special-shaped anvils) and e ~ 0.45 (when using standard anvils).
Analysis of the structural states shows that the processing with special-shaped anvils ensures the formation of a more dispersed structural state, while the average size of the structure fragments (according to SEM data) is on average 6±1 μm, which is almost half the size of fragments obtained after processing using standard anvils.

Policies for energy saving and carbon dioxide emission reduction have enouraged the use of efficient technologies in building thermal conditioning, like geothermal source heat pumps [1].
Outer weather conditions have been set by using synthetic hourly weather data and considering all of the heat transfer phenomena involved.
Introduction In 2008 the European Union put in place the Climate and Energy Package to combat climate change, whose targets are known as ‘20-20-20’: 20% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, raising the share of EU energy consumption produced from renewable sources to 20% and 20% improvement in the EU’s energy efficiency [3].

The analysis showed that under the same conditions, the stress distribution of the improved structure was more symmetrical and the maximum stress and maximum deformation also had a remarkable reduction.
And the results could provide basic data for the structure design of cutter-head.
The studies show that the improvements of cutters arrangement are effective, and that the maximum stress and displacement of the cutter-head under the same conditions have a remarkable reduction, which will help improve the performance of cutter-head.