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Piezoelectric Impedance Based Prestress Force Monitoring for PSC Beam Zhigang Guo 1, a, Zhi Sun 2, b 1State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China 2State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China ahuily1984@gmail.com, bsunzhi1@tongji.edu.cn Key words: EMI sensing, PZT patch, Prestress force, Statistics index.
Concerning that the prestress loss in the tendon will induce the reduction of load carrying capacity of the beam, the way to monitor the variation of prestress force in the tendons is one of recent research interest.
After each measurement, data were transmitted and stored to a computer for analysis.
Acknowledgements This research is supported by the Rising-star program of Shanghai Commission of the Science and Technology (Grant No. 09QH1402300), and the independent research program of state key laboratory for disaster reduction in civil engineering (SLDRCE09-B-15).

Therefore, reduction of CO2 emissions in the coal-fired power plants is an urgent priority.
With the application and development of computer simulation technology, we usually study the operating characteristics of complex systems with mathematical model, which is efficient, economic, comprehensive in access to data, abundant.
Fig.4 Dynamic response curve of the amount of coal test As is shown in figure4,when we reduce the amount of coal by 1% and 3%, furnace exit temperature, main steam flow, the refrigerant temperature and pressure in the superheater outlet all represent decreasing trend, and the reduction extent and transition time of the parameters are larger when the reduction of the coal is 3% than 1%.The reason is that ,when there is a stepped decrease of the coal amount, the combustion heat in the furnace reduces, which lead to a decrease of the flue gas capacity.
When the evaporation of the water wall decreases, both vapor pressure and heat absorption of the superheater (Qgr) reduce, heat of evaporation water (Qs) keep unchanged, which lead to a reduction in Qgr/Qs, so the refrigerant temperature in the superheater decreases.

Table 1 Parameters for the simulation Name Value Roll radius, Rroll 0.085[m] Strip thickness, y 0.002[m] Mass density, ρ 7800 [kg/m3] Young’s modulus, E1, E2 220 [GPa] Specific heat, C 452 [J/(kg∙°C)] Thermal expansion coefficient, α' 1.1´10-5 Thermal conductivity, k 42 [W/(m∙°C)] Poisson’ ratio, υ1, υ2 0.3 Asperity density, N 1.35´1010 [/m2] [14] Asperity radius, R 7.13´10-6 [m] [14] Surface roughness σ 1.0´10-6 [m] [14] Rolling speed, Vroll 1.0-20 [m/s] Reduction, β 15%, 29% 792 [MPa] [15] 510 [MPa] [15] 0.26 [15] 0.014 [15] 1.03 [15] r 25 °C [15] m 1793°C [15] 0 1.0 μa 0.1 α 50% Fig. 1 FE mesh Results and discussion Fig. 2 shows the temperature rise of the roll and strip in the rolling bite.
Fig. 4 shows the effect of reduction ratio on the interface temperature, which demonstrates that both the roll and strip surface temperatures rise considerably when the raduction ratio increases.
Fig. 2 Temperature rise (Vroll=1m/s, β=15%) Fig. 3 Rolling speed effect (β=15%) Fig. 4 Reduction ratio effect Conclusion This study has conducted a transient thermal analysis of cold strip rolling.
A higher rolling speed or a larger reduction ratio results in a greater temperature rise.
Cook, A constitutive model and data for metals subjected to large strains, high strain rates and high temperatures.

To our knowledge, the catalytic efficiency of metallo-porphyrins in biomimetic systems is usually related to the metal-centered reduction potential [8].
From the point of HOMO–LUMO, the noteworthy bands shift of metallo-porphyrin was associated with the metal complexes reduction potential.
As the literature data reported that substitution of electron-withdrawing substituents in the porphyrin ring increases the redox potential and increases the catalytic activity in oxidation of isobutene [10].
However, to the same metal porpyrin complexes, the peripheral substituents in metalloporphyrin were a main factor that affects the HOMO–LUMO energy gap and consequently alter the reduction potential of the porphyrin in accordance with UV–vis studies [9].
Both from the UV-vis spectrum and the inchoate study of reduction potential, we conclude the S-S bond is likely to cleavage and serves as axial ligand for its central metal ion or other molecules.

In order to obtain well-mixed alloy catalysts, Cu-Pd nanoalloys were prepared by simultaneous reduction of Cu and Pd ions in the presence of Vulcan XC-72R as a support.
The simple Pd catalyst was prepared by chemical reduction method.
The EG electrooxidation was performed using two compartment cells to avoid re-reduction of oxidized products at a counter electrode.
Based on these data, we estimated metal compositions in the catalysts as follows.
(a) (b) Summary Pd-based catalysts, such as CuPd/C and Pd/C were prepared by the chemical reduction method.

The properties of the pitch and pitch–modifiers compositions were analyzed according to the following standard methods: ●softening point (SP), ring and ball method,GB 2293-60 ●toluene insolubles (TI),GB 2292-80 ●quinoline insolubles (QI), GB 2294-80 ●Penetration，GB 450984 Results and Discussion The BaP decreasing rate and BaP equivalency content were calculated as the fellow formulas: P; P—the BaP decreasing rate;C—the mass of the crude pitch;C'-- the mass of the modified pitch; CBaP,eq-- the BaP equivalency content; CPAH -- the mass of one PAH in pitch; APAH—the BaP equivalency factors of one PAH. 3.1 coal tar pitch + Paraformaldehyde The data on the reaction between pitch and Paraformaldehyde was shown in figure 3 to figure 7.
Reduction of BaP with 5% paraformaldehyde at various temperature Figure4 BaP equivalency content of pitch with 5% paraformaldehyde at various temperature As can be seen in the figure 3,when the reaction temperature increased from 90℃ to 110℃，the BaP decreasing rate rised greatly from 22.41% to 75.86%, however, further increased temperature to 120℃,the BaP decreasing rate became reduced to 69.83%.
Figure5.Reduction of BaP with various paraformaldehyde content at 110℃ Figure6.BaP equivalency content of pitch with various paraformaldehyde content at 110℃ The figure 5 and the figure 6 indicated the effect of Paraformaldehyde content on the BaP decreasing rate and the BaP equivalency content of the pitch.
Figure8.Reduction of BaP with 20% Epoxy Resin at various temperature Figure9.
BaP equivalency content of pitch with 20% Epoxy Resin at various temperature Figure10.Reduction of BaP with various Epoxy Resin content at 210℃ Figure11 BaP equivalency content of pitch with various Epoxy Resin content at 110℃ 1.

Methylene blue is a water-soluble cationic dye molecule that is easily reduced to the colorless hydrogenated molecule (leuco-methylene blue, LMB) by a variety of reduction reagents, such as NaBH4, hydrazine, ascorbic acid, SCN- [5-8].
However, adding reduction reagents will bring the second pollution for water system.
The data point was taken at inetrval 120 mins, and the absorbance was measured with UV-vis spectrophotometer (TU-1901, China ) at 20 ℃.
Therefore, the reduction process of MB can be measured by UV-vis spectrometry.
Reduction form of MB Oxidization form of MB light Scheme 1 The degradation of MB to LMB under visible light.

Acknowledgements The authors thank Professor Bai Mingzhou in Beijing Jiaotong University for the detailed data.
Wang: Comparative analysis of slope stability by strength reduction method, volume 11 of Rock and Soil Mechanics (2012)
Kong: Stability analysis of excavation by strength reduction FEM, Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (2001)
Sun: Study of slope failure criterion in strength reduction finite element method, Rock and Soil Mechanics (2005)
Chen: Study of criteria for evaluating stability of slope with FEM based on shear strength reduction methods, Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering (2007)

IR spectroscopy data showed the presence of zirconium dioxide-characteristic peaks on the IR spectrum.
Confirmation of this claim is given in this article and is based on data from IR spectroscopy, raster electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA).
From the presented data (Figure 1 (a) it can be seen that after drying at 120 °C oxalic acid is not completely removed, but remains on the obtained agglomerates, as evidenced by the intensive peaks of oxygen and carbon on the spectrum characteristic of carboxyl groups.
From the given data, it can be concluded that the size and shape of the obtained agglomerates are not differ significantly from each other.
It can be seen from the presented data that it is not possible to isolate explicit reflexes in the obtained spectrum, which indicates an extremely low degree of crystallinity of the substance.

The rolling reduction ratios corresponding to the CR-ECA deformation procedure with 1, 2, 3 and 4 pairs of rollers were listed in Table 1.
Table 1 Rolling reduction quantity of rollers for the CR-ECA deformation procedure CR-ECA deformation procedure Rolling reduction quantity (mm) 1st pair of rollers 2nd pair of rollers 3rd pair of rollers 4th pair of rollers 1 pair of rollers 2 ¤ ¤ ¤ 2 pairs of rollers 1 1 ¤ ¤ 3 pairs of rollers 0.6 0.6 0.8 ¤ 4 pairs of rollers 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 5052Al was used as the work-piece material and was hypothesized as a plastic body.
Fig.3 Stress-strain curve of the 5052 Al alloy used in the finite element simulation Table 2 lists the geometry, materials and simulation data for the simulation.
Table 2 Data for the numerical simulation Geometry data Central distance of each pair of rollers, (mm) Initial work-piece thickness, (mm) Initial work-piece width, (mm) Number of roller pairs Bending channel thickness, (mm) Outlet channel height, (mm) Die channel angle, (°) Die outer corner angle, (°) Die inner arc radium, (mm) Die outer arc radium, (mm) 80 4 10 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively 2 2 106 214 8 10 Materials data Young’s modulus, (GPa) Poisson’s ratio, Thermal expansion, (˚C-1) Thermal conductivity, (N·s-1·˚C-1) Heat capacity, (N·mm-2·˚C-1) Emissivity, Work-piece (5052Al) 68.9 0.33 2.2E-5 180.2 2.433 0.7 Roller and others (H13) 206 0.3 1.4E-5 32 3.588 0.5 Simulation data Roller angular velocity, (rad/s) Time step, (s) Initial temperature, (°C) Environmental temperature, (°C) Friction factor, 0.1 0.5 20 20 0.3 (rollers), 0.003 (others) Simulation results.