Sort by:
Publication Type:
Open access:
Publication Date:
Periodicals:
Search results
Online since: June 2012
Authors: Bao Ku Qi, Jing Ming Zhao, Yu Qu
Low-carbon economy has increasingly become the mainstream of development in our country, but using cost and benefit method to analyze the low-carbon building is still not much in China, and the construction of carbon emissions market about low-carbon building is slow in the development of architecture field, that because establishe and promote the carbon emissions markets in construction industry are facing the reason of high trading cost, lack of statistical data, poor monomer efficiency and immature system.
The so-called production cost means that the replacement of high energy-consuming equipment and traditional building materials and other related measures cost of energy saving and carbon reduction according to the national requirement of related mandatory index in the construction process of low-carbon building.
The low-carbon building in the construction process must meet these rigid standards requirement firstly, then it will achieve the low-carbon reduction targets though the low-carbon design, the low-carbon construction and increase the equipment and measures of energy efficient.
And the measure cost of the energy conservation and emission reduction mainly include: the design and construction costs of the low-carbon building, the update cost of energy conservation equipment such as the new energy source and the usage cost of energy conservation materials, etc; ΔCa2 represents the increase of the additional cost in the construction process of the low-carbon building, mainly refers to the sum of the owner’s compliance cost, behavior cost of the carbon emission in the market condition and the additional cost of the contractor; ΔCr represent the decrease cost in the construction process of the low-carbon building, mainly refers to the sum of the reduction cost of the fossil fuel consumption, the cost reduction because of the government subsidies and the saving cost of the lighting and ventilation because of taking the low-carbon equipments and measures.
The most direct and obvious benefit of the development of the low-carbon building is the reduction of the carbon emission in the construction process, and then improve the environment benefit and social benefit.
The so-called production cost means that the replacement of high energy-consuming equipment and traditional building materials and other related measures cost of energy saving and carbon reduction according to the national requirement of related mandatory index in the construction process of low-carbon building.
The low-carbon building in the construction process must meet these rigid standards requirement firstly, then it will achieve the low-carbon reduction targets though the low-carbon design, the low-carbon construction and increase the equipment and measures of energy efficient.
And the measure cost of the energy conservation and emission reduction mainly include: the design and construction costs of the low-carbon building, the update cost of energy conservation equipment such as the new energy source and the usage cost of energy conservation materials, etc; ΔCa2 represents the increase of the additional cost in the construction process of the low-carbon building, mainly refers to the sum of the owner’s compliance cost, behavior cost of the carbon emission in the market condition and the additional cost of the contractor; ΔCr represent the decrease cost in the construction process of the low-carbon building, mainly refers to the sum of the reduction cost of the fossil fuel consumption, the cost reduction because of the government subsidies and the saving cost of the lighting and ventilation because of taking the low-carbon equipments and measures.
The most direct and obvious benefit of the development of the low-carbon building is the reduction of the carbon emission in the construction process, and then improve the environment benefit and social benefit.
Online since: August 2018
Authors: Mohammad Javad Mahdavinejad, Peiman Pilechiha, Mojgan Rezakhani
In two weeks, from Saturday to Thursday, data collection continued until 21:00 P.M., before the reduction of the number of pedestrians.
Nonparametric tests are more appropriate for a series of data that their statistical distribution is not normal or have missing data.
Nonparametric methods, unlike parametric ones, are not very sensitive to missing data and this is another excellence of nonparametric methods.
Various nonparametric tests have been expanded for data.
Among the tests, Kendall’s test is the best choice to examine the uniformity process of data.
Nonparametric tests are more appropriate for a series of data that their statistical distribution is not normal or have missing data.
Nonparametric methods, unlike parametric ones, are not very sensitive to missing data and this is another excellence of nonparametric methods.
Various nonparametric tests have been expanded for data.
Among the tests, Kendall’s test is the best choice to examine the uniformity process of data.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Hui Ming Yang
In this zone the principle of AE generation is that lateral stress reduction result in macro crack propagation, coal mass failure, then elastic wave emitted.
For a more accurate analysis of data, the grid was refined in the coal seam range from 5m to 20m, as shown in Fig.4, 5.
In deeper coal in front of working face, with the reduction of the stress concentration factor, stress gradually reduced to be virginal stress state.
FLAC3D software can calculate stress changes for studying stress field evolution law to provide the data base for the prevention and control of mine dynamic disasters
In this zone the principle of AE generation is that lateral stress reduction result in macro crack propagation, coal mass failure, then elastic wave emitted.
For a more accurate analysis of data, the grid was refined in the coal seam range from 5m to 20m, as shown in Fig.4, 5.
In deeper coal in front of working face, with the reduction of the stress concentration factor, stress gradually reduced to be virginal stress state.
FLAC3D software can calculate stress changes for studying stress field evolution law to provide the data base for the prevention and control of mine dynamic disasters
In this zone the principle of AE generation is that lateral stress reduction result in macro crack propagation, coal mass failure, then elastic wave emitted.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Dan Zheng, Xin Xin Li
The influence of moisture to concrete strength is assumed to be related to cement surface energy reduction by water.
It can be seen that comparing saturated concrete with dry concrete, for the crack length in concrete did not change, the strength reduction of saturated concrete is mainly due to variation of surface energy and elastic modulus of material.
Fig.1 Initial modulus of concrete Fig.2 Stress-strain relationship of concrete 4.2 Stress-strain relationship of concrete In caclulation stress-strain relationship of concrete,the following data were assumed: damage threshold and =1.5, =800, E=32Gpa.
It can be seen that comparing saturated concrete with dry concrete, for the crack length in concrete did not change, the strength reduction of saturated concrete is mainly due to variation of surface energy and elastic modulus of material.
Fig.1 Initial modulus of concrete Fig.2 Stress-strain relationship of concrete 4.2 Stress-strain relationship of concrete In caclulation stress-strain relationship of concrete,the following data were assumed: damage threshold and =1.5, =800, E=32Gpa.
Online since: March 2009
Authors: Yvan Houbaert, Pablo Rodriguez-Calvillo, Lucia Suarez, Rafael Colás
Because of some problems in optimization of the differentiation between
wustite, magnetite and iron (cubic phases in all cases) they found sometimes quite low confidence
index (CI) values in the raw data for some alpha iron grains but nevertheless clear layers containing
alpha iron, wustite, magnetite and hematite can be distinguished.
The experiments were performed at 1050°C and 10 s-1, to a thickness reduction ranging from 5 to 70% [5].
Figure 2 shows IQ+ IPF maps for samples oxidized at 1050°C during 5 seconds and then deformed at 1050°C (reductions of 50, 60 and 70%) and 10 s-1 of strain rate.
Microstructure evolution: oxide grown under controlled atmosphere of oxidation as a function of the reduction at 1050°C; (a) undeformed scale; scale after reduction of: (b) 50%; (c) 60%; (d) 70%.
Texture evolution in the substrate and in the oxide layer after different reductions at 1050°C: (a) undeformed, (b) after 50% specimen reduction, (c) after 60% specimen reduction, (d) after 70% specimen reduction
The experiments were performed at 1050°C and 10 s-1, to a thickness reduction ranging from 5 to 70% [5].
Figure 2 shows IQ+ IPF maps for samples oxidized at 1050°C during 5 seconds and then deformed at 1050°C (reductions of 50, 60 and 70%) and 10 s-1 of strain rate.
Microstructure evolution: oxide grown under controlled atmosphere of oxidation as a function of the reduction at 1050°C; (a) undeformed scale; scale after reduction of: (b) 50%; (c) 60%; (d) 70%.
Texture evolution in the substrate and in the oxide layer after different reductions at 1050°C: (a) undeformed, (b) after 50% specimen reduction, (c) after 60% specimen reduction, (d) after 70% specimen reduction
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Ali Sarosh, Dong Yun Feng, Muhammad Adnan
Numerical simulations are carried out for reduction of scramjet combustor length.
The simulation data implied that the length constraints are achieved as follows (ref figure 1) :- · Combust length for 90% static pressure rise: 350mm · Combust length for 80% product species: 350mm · Combustor length for temperature 2500K: 200mm Figure 1.
The atmospheric data of 30 km altitude is used for free stream Mach number of 8.0 at cycle temperature ratio = 4.50.
The possibility of increase in payload mass would in turn lead to reduction in initial mass ratio () where and a reduced is a basic design goal for any launch vehicle.
A combustor configuration derived from selected archival data implies that for a low efficiency system, a single 30 deg downstream wall injector placed upstream of a large acoustically open cavity provides a simple and effective solution for near field mixing, flame stabilization and construction simplicity.
The simulation data implied that the length constraints are achieved as follows (ref figure 1) :- · Combust length for 90% static pressure rise: 350mm · Combust length for 80% product species: 350mm · Combustor length for temperature 2500K: 200mm Figure 1.
The atmospheric data of 30 km altitude is used for free stream Mach number of 8.0 at cycle temperature ratio = 4.50.
The possibility of increase in payload mass would in turn lead to reduction in initial mass ratio () where and a reduced is a basic design goal for any launch vehicle.
A combustor configuration derived from selected archival data implies that for a low efficiency system, a single 30 deg downstream wall injector placed upstream of a large acoustically open cavity provides a simple and effective solution for near field mixing, flame stabilization and construction simplicity.
Online since: October 2023
Authors: Ángel Mancebo, Alberto Martínez-Martínez, Valentín Miguel, Enrique García-Martínez
Considering the tool life data offered by the manufacturer and the economic factors, the total manufacturing cost was determined for each pocket geometry as function of the milling strategy and the cutting conditions.
From this data, the mean and maximum cutting power was estimated considering the theoretical cutting theory by Eq. 1.
Tool life data, T, was obtained by Sandvick Coromant’s Tool Guide application for the cutting conditions experimented.
The most severe cutting conditions (highest feed per tooth, axial depth and cutting speed) lead to a reduction of the machining time by 95%.
The cost decreases as the axial depth and the cutting speed increases, thanks to the reduction of the cutting time.
From this data, the mean and maximum cutting power was estimated considering the theoretical cutting theory by Eq. 1.
Tool life data, T, was obtained by Sandvick Coromant’s Tool Guide application for the cutting conditions experimented.
The most severe cutting conditions (highest feed per tooth, axial depth and cutting speed) lead to a reduction of the machining time by 95%.
The cost decreases as the axial depth and the cutting speed increases, thanks to the reduction of the cutting time.
Online since: June 2013
Authors: Zhong Nian Li, Lei Zhou
If the input variable is the k-dimensional vector, after PFA of dimensionality reduction processing, the output vector is the n-dimensional vector ,here n﹤k.
When this system is operating, it will gather all the output of the sensors and the coiling machine fault signal, then output to the specified breakdown data interim area, then carries on the transformation to these data by the Haar wavelet, then extracts the characteristic data from the transformed data, carries on the PFA to all extraction's characteristic data, reduces the dimension of these characteristic data, after finally sends the dimensionalit reduction data to the compact-type morletwavelet neural network carry on training.
When this system is operating, it will gather all the output of the sensors and the coiling machine fault signal, then output to the specified breakdown data interim area, then carries on the transformation to these data by the Haar wavelet, then extracts the characteristic data from the transformed data, carries on the PFA to all extraction's characteristic data, reduces the dimension of these characteristic data, after finally sends the dimensionalit reduction data to the compact-type morletwavelet neural network carry on training.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Qin Zhou Niu, Wen Cheng Wang, Ke Li, Zhong Xue Chen
It use KPCA(Kernel Principal Component Analysis) to nonlinear dimension reduction and can use historical parametric data to forecast ORP, DO and ammonia nitrogen through WNN.
Soft measurement model is shown in figure 1: Fig.1 Sewage treatment controlling system based on ANN Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) Extraction condition data X (m×n) , m is the number of data used, n is the number of data variables.
The main implementation of system Select 368 groups data of condition from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, including 276 sets of data as WNN training samples, 92 sets of data as the test samples, the trained network model for testing.
Summary This paper mainly studied the soft measurement technology of wavelet neural network ‘s parameters in the application of the sewage treatment control system.And the paper used kernel principal component analysis and gradient descent method for dimension reduction of the neural network input variables and correction connection weights.The simulation experimental results show that the parameters of the soft measurement model based on wavelet neural network and on-line measuring instruments able to track the change of reaction process parameter information.In the case of different water quality, wastewater treatment soft measurement control system has good dynamic and stability to achieve the purpose of efficient wastewater treatment.The following work according to specific application environment optimization of the parameters of soft measurement system model, energy conservation and afforestation.
Soft measurement model is shown in figure 1: Fig.1 Sewage treatment controlling system based on ANN Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) Extraction condition data X (m×n) , m is the number of data used, n is the number of data variables.
The main implementation of system Select 368 groups data of condition from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, including 276 sets of data as WNN training samples, 92 sets of data as the test samples, the trained network model for testing.
Summary This paper mainly studied the soft measurement technology of wavelet neural network ‘s parameters in the application of the sewage treatment control system.And the paper used kernel principal component analysis and gradient descent method for dimension reduction of the neural network input variables and correction connection weights.The simulation experimental results show that the parameters of the soft measurement model based on wavelet neural network and on-line measuring instruments able to track the change of reaction process parameter information.In the case of different water quality, wastewater treatment soft measurement control system has good dynamic and stability to achieve the purpose of efficient wastewater treatment.The following work according to specific application environment optimization of the parameters of soft measurement system model, energy conservation and afforestation.
Online since: June 2008
Authors: António Torres Marques, Carlos A. Ramos, M.A. Marques, J. Monteiro, M.A. Vaz
When completely embedded a reduction of 86% in the piezoelectric response is expected.
Finite Element Analysis confirmed the obtained experimental data and a very good linearity in the response was observed.
Finite Element Analysis confirmed the obtained experimental data and a very good linearity in the response was observed.