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Without loss of generality, we consider that all data are positive integers.
Letbe the obtained state inthat is in the same interval asafter reduction.
Letbe the obtained state in that is in the same interval asafter reduction.
Letbe the obtained state inthat is in the same interval asafter reduction.

Hence, most of them end up in the landfill, as past research data estimated that currently 4 billion waste tyres can be found in landfills.
There were three specimens for each age of the cubes to obtain the average data for more accurate results.
Reduction of workability with replacement of tyre rubber was common and consistent with other research [32].
The reduction may be attributed to two reasons.
The reduction happened in a linear function at early age and second-order polynomial function beyond 7 days.

Table 1 Data on the test gear set.
CWT for this time data is shown in middle part of Fig. 4.
Fig. 4 CWT for the time data of the damaged gear.
Fig. 5 CWT for the time data of the health gear(6 reduction).
Fig. 6 CWT for the time data of the damaged gear (6 reduction).

For disperse reinforcement of the concrete, hooked steel fibres were used with a minimum tensile strength of 1100 MPa, based on the supplier’s data.
The material model SBETA includes several effects of concrete behavior such as nonlinear behavior in compression including hardening and softening, fracture of concrete in tension based on the nonlinear fracture mechanics, biaxial strength failure criterion, reduction of compressive strength after cracking, tension stiffening effect, reduction of the shear stiffness after cracking (variable shear retention).
The overall reduction in stiffness as compared to the solid walls is approximately 31%, whereas the capacity does not exceed half the capacity of the solid walls (40% for the steel fiber reinforced specimen).
The introduction of openings in walls clearly leads to a reduction of strength and stiffness.
For the specific details considered for the current study, the overall average reduction in stiffness is 31% whereas the overall reduction in capacity is about 40%.

After reduction, the obtained graphene/Pd composites have an obvious peak around 40°, which is the peak of Pd (111), indicating that Pd precursors have been reduced.
Bourlinos et al. have reported that reduction of GO by NaBH4 leads to graphitized carbon showing an evident carbon (002) peak [13].
Thus, it has been demonstrated that Pd(en)2Cl2 has been intercalated into the graphene sheets of GO and after chemical reduction the graphene/Pd sample with high Pd content has been obtained.
Compared with the data from other Pd-supported nanocarbon composites it is clear that graphene has an advantage over other carbon materials as carbon substrate for adsorbing H2 [14-15].
The graphene/Pd composites can be obtained after chemical reduction of Pd(en)22+-intercalated GO and the resulting composites contain a large amount of Pd and has good structure.

In automotive and aerospace, the reduction of vehicle weight without compromising safety is very important for reducing fuel consumption and therefore the CO2 emission reduction.
CAD model for different geometries of lever The weight of the lever in aluminium alloy (Fig. 2a) is 78.41 g, while by using TECAMID 66 GF30 the weight is 43.12 g, with a reduction of 45%.
Generally, by using innovative material for aluminium parts the expected reduction is in the range of 10-25%, maintaining performance.
Using TECAMID 66 PA GF30, a reduction in energy for manufacturing of about 80% is estimated.
A very low standard deviation has been found (less than 5%).These values are in good agreement with the data provided by supplier and they were used for the part design, in particular finite element modeling, that was carried out but not discussed in this work.

In this connection the feature related to area reduction seems more revealing.
In the UFG alloy the area reduction is almost a factor of two higher than that for the MC alloy (60% vs. 32%, respectively, Table 1).
The true strain in the neck of UFG specimens calculated via area reduction was found to be e~1, while that calculated via elongation shows only e~0.7.
Data obtained from the tensile tests are in a good correlation with the results of fatigue test.
Although the total elongation of the UFG condition was slightly smaller than that of the MC condition, area reduction of the UFG condition was a factor of two larger.

H2-TPR characterization was carried out on the AutoChem II-2920 hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction analyzer made in Micromeritics Company.
The amount of H2 consumption during reduction was monitored by a thermal conductivity detector (TCD).
The reduction temperature of the CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 is 186.46℃.
The lower reduction temperature of the CuO-ZnO sosoloid indicates the strong synergy effect of CuO-ZnO after calcination.
According to the data from Table 3, it can be obtained that the optimization conditions are as follows: temperature of 240℃, pressure of 5.5Mpa and space velocity of 12000 h-1.

Data points were acquired by step scanning with a rate of 12°/min from 2 θ = 10° to 2 θ = 60°.
After reduction at 513K, there were two copper species in catalyst, Cu0(2θ =43.2° and 50.3°) and Cu2O(2θ =36.8°).
On the other hand, according the result obtained from FTIR spectra, copper hydrosilicate has been reduced during reduction process, we can speculate that Cu2O derived from the reduction of copper hydrosilicate.
The reduction temperature of Cu2O to Cu is higher than 873K, so the appearance of Cu2O in TG-60 prevents Cu to forming big size particle, leading to the highly dispersed Cu0.
Because of the appearance of Cu2O, which is derived from the reduction of copper hydrosilicate, Cu0 in reduced catalyst is well dispersed, leading to a small size particle.

Narahari et al [2] explored how the lead times can be reduced using scheduling, input control, load balancing and variability reduction.
A model of all the processes involved in making a carburetor is created with necessary data.
A study of these reports shows that there is reduction in cycle time in the future state, thus validating our future state map.
The reduction in time will help increase the productivity of the company.
Use of the value stream mapping tool for waste reduction in manufacturing case study for bread manufacturing in Zimbabwe.