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First-principles Calculation of Elastic Constants for FeP Jianying Li2,a, Jing Zhang 2,b, Qizhi Cao 2,c and Yifang Ouyang 1,d 1 Ministry-province jointly-constructed cultivation base for state key laboratory of Processing for non-ferrous metal and featured materials, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, College of Physics Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China 2 College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; aljy@gxtc.edu.cn, bzj_happiness@163.com, cqzhcao77@163.com, douyangyf@gxu.edu.cn Corresponding author: ouyangyf@gxu.edu.cn Keywords: FeP intermetallic compound; first-principles; elastic constants; formation enthalpy Abstract:The elastic constants of FeP with orthorhombic structure were calculated by using the density-functional theory method.
Pugh[15] proposed an empirical criterion, which can determine the ductility or brittleness of metal materials through the ratio of shear modulus G and bulk elastic modulus B, that is, if G/B <0.5, the material is ductile.
Cauchy pressure (C12-C44) can also be used to judge he ductility or brittleness of intermetallic compounds FeP [16], that is, for the metal bond, Cauchy pressure value is positive, and the greater value represents that metal bond is stronger and the ductility of the material is better; while for covalent bond, Cauchy pressure value is negative, the materials behavior as brittleness.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by Supported by Ministry-province jointly-constructed cultivation base for state key laboratory of Processing for non-ferrous metal and featured materials, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Grant No.
Journal of Guangxi University: Nat Sci Ed.

The cutting force curves, on different conditions of tool rake angle, cutting velocity, cutting depth and workpiece materials, are shown as following.
The relationship between amplitude and cutting force Fx on condition of different rake angle The Effect of Amplitude on Cutting Force on Condition of Different Workpiece Materials.
The effect of amplitude on cutting force is simulated on different workpiece materials condition (see Fig.9).
[8] Wu D.W and Liu C.R: Journal of Engineering Industry, Vol. 107,(1994),pp.107- 108 Figure9.
The relationship between amplitude and cutting force Fx on condition of different workpiece materials

It take some problems for CNC drill machine and machine center on automatic production line which high quality expected, especially more and more hard-to-cut materials such as titanium alloy, heat-resisting alloy and composite product have been used extensively as the industrials of astronavigation manufacture, atomic energy, etc grow.
The common twist drills which may have a good character when drilling common materials could have a worsening performance when it is used to drill the new materials.
The main progress directions of the subject are optimizing drill's structure, improving drill's material and coating [2].
Acknowledgements This investigation supported by the Natural Science Fund of Jiangsu province China.
Kang: Journal of Daliang University of Technology, Vol.38 (1998) No.4, pp.88

Numerical Simulation Analysis of Spinning Forming Process of Tubeless Steel Wheel on Technical Parameters Dasen Bi1,3,a, Guang Yang1,b, Liang Chu1,2,c, Jian Zhang1,2,d 1.School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384, China 2.Key Laboratory of Display Materials & Photoelectric Devices（Tianjin University of Technology）, Ministry of Education,Tianjin 300384, China 3.Tianjin Key Lab for Photoelectric Materials & Devices,Tianjin 300384,China atjbds@sina.com, bsun5sun5sun@163.com,cchuliangszhm@163.com, dzhang_jian_99999@126.com Keywords: Tubeless Steel Wheel; Spinning Roller's Rotational Speed; Coefficient Of Friction Between The Spinning Roller And The Blank Abstract.
If the rotation rate of mandrel is too low, the forming of blank is unsteady; if the rate is too high, the rib of the steel wheel would be made too thin.So the reasonable rotation rate should be designed according to the material and thickness of blank and diameter of mandrel.Generally, we choose 400~600r/min[4] for steel.When the diameter of madrel is bigger and its thickness is smaller, we choose the smaller rate,otherwise we choose the bigger one.
Table 1 constants of simulation parameters Material of blank AISI-1010,COLD[70F(20C)] Coefficient of friction between blank and mandrel 0.12 Temperature 20° Rotation rate of mandrel 400r/min Feed speed of spinning roller 1mm/s Step number 200 Table 2 variables of simulation parameters Rotation rate of spinning roller 1 rad/sec; 2rad/sec; 3rad/sec; 4rad/sec; 5rad/sec; 6rad/sec Coefficient of friction between blank and spinning roller 0.3; 0.5; 0.7 The spinning process is a much complex plastic forming process with multi-factors coupling interactive effects, companying with the characteristics of large-scale deformation, local deformation zone and high nonlinearity.Spinning is designed to forming a groove around the blank using a roller which feeds radially first and then rotates around the mandrel, as shown in Fig.6.
Table 4 Quality of the forming steel wheel under different technical parameters quality f r 0.3 0.5 0.7 1rad/sec well well well 2rad/sec no wrinkle basically no wrinkle basically no wrinkle basically 3rad/sec a little wrinkle a little wrinkle a little wrinkle 4rad/sec obvious wrinkle obvious wrinkle obvious wrinkle 5rad/sec obvious wrinkle obvious wrinkle obvious wrinkle 6rad/sec obvious wrinkle obvious wrinkle obvious wrinkle Acknowledgements This work was supported by Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China support project under Grant No. 2010ZX04004-121, and Tianjin Key Subject for Materials Physics and Chemistry.
Dean, J.Lin: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 2003,(43): 1419-1435 [3] Japan Plastic Processing Institute: Spinning forming technology [M].

Introduction Among the large family of EAP (electro-active polymers) materials, IPMC with the advantages, e.g. low voltage, flexible, large bending, is considered as the conceivable actuator materials for biomimetic applications [1-5].
Barbar et al [13] developed a transducer consisting of multiple lays of ionic polymer materials.
National Science Foundation (50905037) and the Central College Fund of Harbin Engineering University(HEUCF140713).
Aw, A compliant surgical robotic instrument with integrated IPMC sensing and actuation, International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 3 (3) (2012) 188-203
Kim, Muscle-like linear actuator using an ionic polymer-metal composite and its actuation characteristics, Smart Structures and Materials & International Society for Optics and Photonics (2006) 616820-616820-8.

Dam construction material is mainly Andesite Rock, and the dam site is located in a wider river valley with a width-to-depth ratio of 9.5.
Material parameters for dynamic computation are shown in Tables 1 and Tables 2.
Table 1 Parameters of computation Dam material Km m1 Primary rockfill material 2374 0.587 secondary rockfill material 2128 0.583 Transition rockfill material 2604 0.572 Table 2 Parameters of Dynamic shear modulus and Damping ratio Dam material Parameters 5×10-6 1×10-5 5×10-5 1×10-4 5×10-4 1×10-3 5×10-3 1×10-2 Primary rockfill material Gd/Gdmax 0.992 0.983 0.921 0.854 0.539 0.369 0.105 0.055 λd 0.004 0.007 0.031 0.054 0.129 0.157 0.189 0.194 secondary rockfill material Gd/Gdmax 0.993 0.986 0.933 0.875 0.583 0.412 0.123 0.065 λd 0.003 0.006 0.026 0.046 0.123 0.156 0.198 0.204 Transition rockfill material Gd/Gdmax 0.992 0.984 0.927 0.864 0.559 0.388 0.113 0.060 λd 0.003 0.006 0.027 0.047 0.120 0.148 0.183 0.188 Seismic wave input.
The research work is partly supported by grant No. 2008BAB29B02 from the National science and technology support plan of China.
High earth-rock dam seismic research progress[J], Journal of Anhui Construction Industry Institute college Vol.17 (2009), p. 1 [3] ZHAO.

And the simulations of the interaction process between shot and material have been performed.For aluminum alloy material Al2024-T3, the surface roughness induced by shot peening is studied.
Al 2024-T3 was chosen as the target material.
As material properties:the elastic modulus E=70GPa,Poisson’s ratio and density 2700 kg/m3,respectively.
The initial material surface is assumed to be an ideal plane.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2008,(203):401-409 [6] H.W.

Materials and Methods The white cast iron was smelted with pig iron, scrap steel, ferrochromium and ferromanganese.
Table 1 Chemical composition for the experimentalwhite iron [wt.%] C Cr Si Mn 2.6 1.0 1.1 0.8 Table 2 Technology for heating processing for different treatment Treatment Austenitizing temperature [˚C] Heating time [min] Quenching medium Tempering /isothermal temperature[˚C] Tempering /isothermal time[min] Martensitic quenching 920 120 32 engine oil 220 120 Austempering 940 120 50%KNO3+50%NaNO2 300 150 Annealing 950 240 - - - Results and Analysis Effect of modification on microstructure and mechanical properties of materials.Fig.1 shows the optical microstructure of the non-modified as-cast white cast iron.From Fig.1, it can be seen that the carbides distribute in the form of thick and dense continuous network.
Fig.1 Optical microstructure of Fig.2 Optical microstructure of non-modified as-cast white cast iron modified as-cast white cast iron Table 3 The harness and the impact toughness of modified and non-modified as-cast white cast iron Materials Hardness[HRC] Impact toughness[J/cm2] Non-modified white cast iron 50.1 2.2 Modified white cast iron 55.2 5.1 Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of materials.Fig.3 shows that the optical microstructure of annealing modified white cast iron.From Fig.3 it can be seen that the amount of carbide decrease,the form of carbide is block or strip and the layer spacing of pearlite matrix become larger.
SARE:JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE.35(2000),p.2069 [5] Bing Liu:Hot Working Technology.

Microstructures and Toughening Mechanisms of Y2O3 Doped Al2O3/ZrO2 Eutectic Composite Ceramics Prepared by SHS Melt-growth Process Long Zhang 1,a, Zhongmin Zhao 1,b, Yigang Song 2,c and Weiguo Wang 2,d 1 Institute of Advanced Materials, Mechanical Engineering College, Shijiazhuang, 050003, China 2 Science Research Department, Mechanical Engineering College, Shijiazhuang, 050003, China E-mail: zhao_zhongmin@163.net Keywords: Al2O3/ZrO2 composite ceramics, rod-shaped sapphires, nano-micron fibers, melt-growth, toughening Abstract.
In recent years, with the rapid advances in aerospace materials, the novel unidirectional solidified oxide/oxide eutectic composites of superior flexural strength, thermal stability and creep resistance at high temperature have been reported [3-6], and the systems of materials involve Al2O3/YAG, Al2O3/GAP, Al2O3/ZrO2 (Y2O3), Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 and so on.
Raw materials were prepared from high purity (>99.9%) CrO3, Al, ZrO2, Y2O3 and SiO2 powders with size 0.074~0.147mm, and the combustion systems were prepared according to mass ratio of (CrO3 +Al)=68%, mass ratio of ZrO2 (4Y)=28%, and mass ratio of SiO2=4%, in which the (CrO3+Al) subsystems were prepared according to chemical ratio as shown in Eq.1.
Waku: Journal of Crystal Growth Vol. 231 (2001), p.179 [7] Z.
Zheng: Key Engineering Materials Vol. 280-283 (2005), p. 1053 [8] Z.

As a hot-diamond tip is used, the new instrument can measure both electrically conductive and non-conductive materials, overcoming the limitation of conventional SThMs.
References [1] Hazel Assender and Kyriakos Porfyrakis: How Surface Topography Relates to Materials' Properties.
Science. 297 (2002), pp. 973-976
Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 28 (2008), pp. 15-20
Materials Characterization. 48 (2002), pp. 11-36