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Besides the manufacturing processes and joining configurations, different materials and heat treatment conditions were used to manufacture these panels:  AA2024-T3;  AA6056-T6;  AA6056-T4 and post welding treatment (PWHT) to T6 condition.
And the NASGRO law for the material AA2024-T3 due to the fact that this is a more complete law and the parameters for this material are published.
Ryum: Scandium in aluminium alloys; International Materials Reviews, Vol.50 N.1 (2005); pp. 19-44
Sharma: Development and characterization of Al-Li alloys, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Volume 420, Issues 1-2 (2006), pp. 228234
Engle: Numerical analysis of crack propagation in cyclicloaded structures; Transactions of ASME, Journal of Basic Engineering, Vol. 89, (1967), pp. 459-464

Introduction Development of the mechanisms and machines structures increases the requirements imposed on the materials used and the quality of the treated surface.
By now, considerable theoretical knowledge has been accumulated in the field of mechanical processing of materials.
However, control of the entire batch of raw material and cutting tools is not always possible in shops conditions.
Engineering Journal. 9 (2002) 10-12
Skorynin, Performance of friction units machines, Mn.: Science and Technology, 1984

Introduction The CO2 laser drilling was not restricted by the hardness, strength and brittleness of materials, it adapted to metal materials and nonmetallic materials manufacture, such as ruby, ceramic, diamond, etc.
Vapouration was dominant during the process of material damaging, the liquid phase materials can not be carried out from the hole for the produced metal steam pressure was too low, because the more wider the pulse width the more lower the energy density, as a result the melting materials recondensed on the inner wall, shown in Fig. 8 (the pulse width is 0.6ms).
The value of inlet aperture is minimum while the focus up the surface of the machined materials, and the maximum value of the hole depth can be obtained while the focus at some place under the surface of the machined materials, but the place is different as the machined materials different, on the condition of others parameters of CO2 laser do not change.
Zhang: Laser journal, Vol.24 (2003) No.4, pp.1-3(In Chinese)
Gui: Electronic Components and Materials, Vol.22 (2003) No.3, pp.46-48(In Chinese)

Tang 2 and Robert Tournier1 1 CRETA / LAS2M / CNRS, 25 av. des Martyrs, 38042 GRENOBLE, France 2 Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research (NIN) , P.O.Box 51, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710016, P.R.China a soubeyroux@grenoble.cnrs.fr, bzcharle@vip.sina.com, csulpice@grenoble.cnrs.fr Keywords: Nb3Sn wire, superconducting materials, zirconium additive, growth rate, neutron diffraction.
Acknowledgements This work has been done in the International Laboratory LAS2M (Laboratory for Applications of Superconductor and Magnetic Materials) in Grenoble, France and Xi'An, R.P.
Zhou, (2006) Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 7th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity, Vienne, Austria, 11-15 september 2005 [9] J.D.
Suenaga, in "Superconductor Material Science", S.

The effects of the thermal conductivity and of the emissivity of the fin material and of the base plate on the optimum performance of the system have been evaluated.
The thermal conductivity of the material of the pin fin is represented by k.
The material of the fin is homogeneous and isotropic . 5.
The thermal conductivity k is taken in the range from 120 to 210 which falls in the range of the various materials used in fins.
[4] Andrea de LietoVollaro, Stefano Grignaffini, Franco Gugliermetti, Optimum design of vertical rectangular fin arrays, International Journal of Thermal Sciences (1999) pp. 525-529

Materials and Methods Materials The chemical reagents used in this study were graphite powder (Anstac, Sdn.
Journal of medical virology, 93(1), 250-256
Journal of medical virology, 92(11), 2283
Advanced Functional Materials, 31(4), 2005958
Current opinion in colloid & interface science, 20(5-6), 311-321

Withers2,c 1 ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK 2 Manchester Materials Science Centre, University of Manchester and UMIST, Grosvenor St, Manchester M1 7HS, UK a e.c.oliver@rl.ac.uk, bm.r.daymond@rl.ac.uk, cphilip.withers@man.ac.uk Keywords: Magnesium, twinning, plasticity, intergranular stress Abstract.
Whereas the intergranular stresses which develop during plastic deformation of facecentred cubic metals are now reasonably well understood [1], the trends of internal stress generation in the hexagonal metals are less well characterised, varying considerably between different materials due to the sensitivity of different deformation modes to factors such as c/a ratio, grain size and temperature.
Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 3 macroscopic response.
Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 5 Cyclic Loading.
Savage for the provision of material and to the EPSRC for funding under grant GR/R07936.

This is a new mineral material attracting great interest due to its academic and industrial importance.
Experimental Materials.
Moraru, in: Applied Clay Science, Vol. 19(2001), p.11–26
[13] Soares, Vera L.P., et al: in: Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Vol. 75(2004), p.671–676 [14] G.Y.
[20] K.KHATIB, C.H.PONS. in: Journal of Collidal And Interface Science, Vol. 22(1995), No 6, p.15–16

Chemically, the inorganic materials of woody biomass are carbonates: CaCO3, MgCO3, FeCO3, complex silicates of aluminum, magnesium, calcium, iron, sodium and potassium, small amounts of alkali metals and phosphates, halogen minerals: NaCl, KCl and the trace amounts of heavy metals: Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, Cr, Pb, V, Cd.
Journal of Forest Science, 53:3 (2007) pp. 93-100
Perelygin, Wood science.
Regináč, Wood science II.
Matovič, Wood science.

Experimental Research of Biomass Pyrolysis Characteristics at Low Temperature Kai Wang1, 2, a, Jianguo Jiang1, b, Rongfeng Sun1,c 1 Energy Research Institute of Shandong Academy Sciences, Jinan 250014, China 2 Key Laboratory for Biomass Gasification Technology of Shandong Province, Jinan 250014, China awangk@sderi.cn, bjiangjj@sderi.cn, csunrf@sderi.cn Keywords: Biomass, Low temperature pyrolysis, Component analyze Abstract The pyrolysis characteristics for two types biomass material was tested at 230℃~250℃, and the pyrolysis product component was on-line analyzed by using moisture micro-detection teller, gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer computer and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis, 2006, 77 (1): 28-34.