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It can be noticed that fatigue test data of PB specimens and partial CLG specimens (toe failure) apparently deviate from the fatigue S-N curve in the extremely low cycle and low cycle region, showing shorter fatigue lives.
(a) (b) (c) Fig. 3 Comparison between the fatigue data obtained and IIW fatigue detail categories.
According to Kuroda [13], the reduction of fatigue resistance in extremely low-cycle region is mainly caused by the ductility exhaustion of material under large plastic cyclic loading.
The extremely low-cycle fatigue occurs when the materials enter deep plastic, which result in significant reduction of fatigue lives.
Compared with the similar welded structural details in IIW Fatigue Recommendation, it can be concluded that the fatigue test data of these welded details in extremely low cycle fatigue region evidently deviated from the fatigue S-N curves, showing shorter fatigue life

Introduction The 7000 series aluminum alloy is a high strength alloy to be used in a wide variety of products for the purpose of weight reduction in the transportation equipment and aerospace fields.
These data was recorded via computer connecting.
The material model was referred to the material data of AA7075 in DE-FORM.
In the hot extrusion simulation, the die and container were cooled and the heat generated during processing was observed because the material data such as deformation characteristics changed when the billet was brought to room temperature.
In addition, it was shown that the reduction of work heating leads to the reduction of tearing.

This data is needed for designing and optimizing the structure of compacting machines and their functional components.
With this data, it will be possible to optimize machine design in terms of strength, energy and minimizing production costs.
The reduction in the volume of the particulate matter causes a significant increase in the bulk density, and a reduction in porosity.
Data for evaluating particulate compressibility is obtained by the dependence of the compacting force on the displacement of the piston of the oedometer.
From Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 it is obvious that using the same pressure in the compression the density change increases with the reduction of sawdust fraction size.

Heart failure (HF) is the cause of renal dysfunction due to the reduction of renal perfusion and increase in renal vascular resistance [3, 4].
But biochemical analysis data reflecting renal function may remain without pathological changes for a long time.
The low energy collimators were used for data collection.
It should be said that as a result of clinical preoperative examination HF of I- IIA stages was diagnosed in all patients which, as it has been mentioned, is not accompanied with GFR reduction.
The data obtained once again prove the extensive diagnostic possibilities of radionuclide method in renal dysfunction detection, even at the stage when there are no clinical and biochemical manifestations of renal disease.

The resulting mean diameter and aspect ratio data generated by such measurements using OM and image analysis of the intermetallics, that are relevant to the extent of beta-to-alpha transformation, are statistically processed with “ANOVA”.
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed for statistical processing of mean aspect ratio and mean diameter data of AlFeSi intermetallic particles.
Statistical analysis of the raw data of aspect ratio and mean diameter of AlFeSi intermetallics with ANOVA indicated that: (i) The aspect ratio of AlFeSi particles in the as cast (AC) condition was 5.8 (Table 2), which was the highest value compared with the homogenized samples which had 3.2-4.0 for homogenization at 560oC and 2.8-4.3 for homogenization at 585oC.
Lack of cohesion is also restricted a fact that becomes apparent from the reduction of standard deviation in comparison to the as cast condition
· ANOVA is a useful tool for comparing a large amount of data, through the provision of visualized interpretations of the results.

All statistical boundary data was averaged over at least three maps and 2000 grains, with the step size set to less than 10% of the minimum cell size.
Grain structure evolution during annealing Fig. 1 shows the microstructure evolution of the annealed samples as a function of temperature, whereas average statistical data is given in Fig. 2.
In Figure 4 it can be seen that the HAGB area, measured form the EBSD data, decreased from 83% in the deformed state to 59% at 200 °C and further declined to below 50% above 300°C.
However, when the isochronal data was used to determine the activation energy (Fig. 3b) it was found that the slope changed with temperature with an apparent activation energy of ~ 80 kJ mol-1 at low temperatures and Q ~ 140 kJ mol-1 above 200 °C, which is close to that normally expected for grain coarsening in aluminum alloys [13].
As the temperature increased there was only a small reduction in S intensity, with a corresponding slight increase in Cu, while there was a substantial reduction in Brass from ~ 20% to 5 %, and weak Cube, {001} <100>, and Goss, {011} <100> components emerged.

By plotting the data in a T vs.
The deformation condition map By plotting all our data and previous data into a map with and temperature as axes, Fig. 4 was constructed.
As seen, all data consistently fall into three domains.
Fig. 4 Deformation condition map showing the deformation character of present and previous data on CP Ti.
Evidently, the value of 242kJ/mol, reported by Frost and Ashby [3], is consistent with the data presented in Fig. 4.

Cepinha et al. [3] argue that energy efficiency could easily lead to a reduction by one fifth of the energy consumed in the residential sector implying a reduction of 340 Mt of carbon dioxide.
Data of electricity and gas consumption is present in Table 1.
Embodied energy in concrete represents 70% of the total; therefore, high energy reductions can only occur by lowering the energy in this material.
This means that the mere change of concrete composition would mean a 25% embodied energy reduction.
However, as the legislation on energy efficiency lead to a building sector with minimal energy consumption, further energy reduction can only be achieved by using low embodied energy building materials.

For corrosion analysis the specimens were cut and grinded using SiC sandpaper with gradual reduction of grain size to 1000 grit.
All corrosion resistance data in work are presented relative to the hydrogen reference electrode.
Metal/alloy Potential, V AISI 304 (18% Cr and 8% Ni) 0.36 Fe12Cr 0.2 Ni - 0.28 Cr > 1.0 Ti > 1.0 When considering the mechanism of crevice corrosion, it is necessary to understand that the electrochemical corrosion of metals in neutral media passes via two independent reactions: reduction of protons to hydrogen (Eq. 1-3) and reduction of dissolved oxygen to hydroxyl anions (Eq. 4-6).
Anode dissolution: Me0 → Men++ ne̅ (1) Cathode reduction: 2H+ + 2e ̅→ H2 (2) Corrosion mechanism: nMe0 + nH+ → nMen+ + H2 (3) Anode dissolution: Me0 → Men++ ne̅ (4) Cathode reduction: O2 + 2H2O + 4e ̅→ 4OH- (5) Corrosion mechanism: Me0 + O2 + H2O →Me(OH )n↓ (6) Initially, corrosion occurs evenly over the entire surface of the metal.
There is no oxygen reduction reaction in this region, however, the dissolution of the metal continues.

If the thermal cannot be dissipated in time, the working part will suffer a reduction in strength or even scrap.
The radial grooves have great effect in the reduction of eddy current loss.
When the groove number increases to 4, the data reduced to 35%~50%, and 25%~40% for 6 grooves.
From the simulation results, 2 grooves can also reduce the eddy current loss, but the reduction effect is not obvious.
The further increase of groove number can keep reducing the unit volume eddy current loss, but the pace of reduction slowed markedly.