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China, 2.National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.
The preparation of 5-HMF is a key step in the use of carbohydrates to produce liquid fuels(such as 2,5-dimethylfuran),materials and lots of value-added chemicals[4,5].
PILs have attracted great attention in the fields of polymer chemistry and materials science.
Xie, Conversion of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using ionic liquids prepared from renewable materials, Green Chem. 10(2008), 1280-1283
Firestone, The design of polymeric ionic liquids for the preparation of functional materials, Polymer Reviews 49(2009), 339-360

Materials and Methods Element Al (99.9% purity) and Ni (99.5% Purity) were chosen as base materials, and these elements are milled using a planetary ball mill.
Porosity will affect the density of materials.
Li, “Materials Science & Engineering A Microstructure and high temperature tensile properties of Ti22Al25Nb alloy prepared by reactive sintering with element powders,” vol. 608, pp. 229–233, 2014
Science, “Materials Processing Technology,” vol. 0136, no. 96, 1997
Paul et al., “International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials The studies on the tribological performance , characterization and mechanical properties of W-2Ni-1Fe ( wt %) alloy,” Int.

A., Wang, Y., Marriam, I., and Tebyetekerwa, M., Circular Economy and Sustainability of the Clothing and Textile Industry, Materials Circular Economy 3 (2021)
B., Soil-release behaviour of polyester fabrics after chemical modification with polyethylene glycol, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (2017)
[9] Montazer, M., and Harifi, T., Nanofinishing of Textile Materials, first ed., Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, 2018
[12] Grishanov, S., Structure and properties of textile materials, Handbook of Textile and Industrial Dyeing: Principles, Processes and Types of Dyes, Elsevier Inc., 2011, pp. 28–63
[20] Teresa, M., Cátia, P., Jorge, S., and Graça, S., Polyester-Polyvinylalcohol Hydrophilization Strategies, in Materials Science Forum, Trans Tech Publications Ltd (2022) 173–180

Nano-materials and nano-structures are the important part in the new materials research, which is the most active areas and the closest application part. 
Materials and equipments.
Test materials and equipment.
Materials Review: Vol. 3 (2008), P. 44－47.
Journal of Functional Materials: Vol. 37 (2006), P. 440-445.

Abstract. 3D wing crack growth is not a well understood phenomenon, although it is one of the key mechanisms of the failure of brittle materials under compression.
Introduction Growth of wing cracks is one of the key mechanisms in failure of brittle materials under compression [1,2].
Sliding along a macroscopic weak zone, formed by large collections of wing cracks and splay cracks, is considered as the mechanism of shear failure of brittle materials under compression [3].
References [1] Adams Marc and Sines George, Crack extension from flaws in a brittle material subjected to compression, Technophysics, 49 (1978) 97-118
Kachanov, On modeling of “winged” cracks forming under compression, International Journal of Fracture, 77-4 (1996) 69-75

Its main task is to analyze the dynamic changes of water quality status according to the main material composition of the main water source in arid areas and a given water quality standards, thus make a quantitative description which will provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization,and for the protection and planning management of water resources in arid areas.
Materials and methods This study mainly uses fuzzy set theory and composite fuzzy matter-element theory to conduct a comprehensive evaluation, through the establishment of mathematical model of urban surface water quality in arid areas.
Journal of shandong university (engineering science), 2007, 37(6):91-94

Meanwhile, the traditional soldering equipment, PCB materials and electronic chips have to be changed because they are not suitable to these lead-free solders.
The material of Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is N4000-13Si of Nelco, 20 layer board, hole diameter 1.5mm and component lead diameter 0.9mm, traditional iron and flux.
Bergman, NCMS Lead-Free Solder Project, Journal of SMT. (2000) [3] Soldertec at Tin Technology Ltd, Second European Lead-free Soldering Technology Roadmap, February 2003.
Download at http://www.nepss.org/presentations/SEMI_Europ/leadfreesolderingjapan.pdf [5] Katsuaki Suganuma, Technology of Lead Free Soldering [M] (In Chinese), Science Publishing Company, Beijing, 2004, pp. 26-56.

Washington, “Modeling and reduction of centrifuging in magnetorheological(MR) transmission clutches for automotive applications,” Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, vol.16, no. 9, 2005, pp. 703-711
A., Cobanoglu, N. , Liu Y. and Fuchs A.,”A high-torque magneto-rheological fluid clutch”, Proceedings of SPIE Conference on Smart Materials and Structures, San Diego, March 2002
[3] Won, Y.D., Su, S.Y., Chang, P.H., Kyu, C.S. and Hun, P.C., “Design of a novel MR rotary brake”, 2009 World Congress on Computer Science and Information Engineering

Dynamics of a Radial Active Magnetic Bearing System during Maneuvering Flight Kai Zheng Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Power Transmission of Aeroengine, AVIC Shenyang Aeroengine Research Institute, Shengyang 110015, China Zhengkai_xjtu@126.com Keywords: magnetic bearing, maneuvering flight, Stability Abstract.
At present the implementation of AMB in jet engines is hindered by several problems like enormous thermal and mechanical load[9], limited performance of magnetic material, severe working condition, etc.
Rubertus, "Application of high temperature magnetic materials," Magnetics, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 36, pp. 3373-3375, 2000
Zhu, "Active vibration control based on linear matrix inequality for rotor system under seismic excitation," Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 314, pp. 53-69, 2008

Ink connection material, additives, developer are the liquid material [2].
At present the highest accuracy of filter market can reach 5 u m, which can eliminate impurities including some protein, bacterial microorganisms and talcum powder and fine material.
Acknowledgement This study is supported by National Science and Technology Support Program (2012BAF13B05) and Printing Equipment Inspection and Innovation Design Team of Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication (23190112094) and Institute Level Key Projects Funded by Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication (No. 23190112029).
References [1] KONG Ling: Journal of Shandong University of Technology Vol. 17 (2003), p. 80-84 [2] WANG Ai-wei: Development and the ore search of suction filter (MS, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, China 2008) [3] LIU Ning: The plate washer sewage treatment (MS, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, China 2012) [4] CHEN Hong.