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In this context, the present work aimed to produce Ni-alloy doped by Platinum with refined and homogenous microstructure by using the spark plasma sintering process (SPS).
Singheiser, Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 121 (1999) 384
Pieraggi, Journal de Physique IV France 10 (2000) 167
Alloys Compd. 322 (2001) 166–175
Ohyanagi, Journal of Materials Science 41 (2006) 763

These oxide films consist of multi layers of cuprous oxide, and may contain other compounds such as nickel oxide, iron oxide, cuprous hydroxide and cupric oxide.
The films may have different colors depending on the thickness and the chemical compounds present in the film; they may be brown, greenish brown or brownish black in color.
The aim of adding both silicon and niobium is to improve the toughness and weldability by the action of precipitating hardness.
Corrosion Journal, 5,1970, pp. 179-183
Badawy, “The Influence of Ni Content on the Stability of Copper-Nickel Alloys in Alkaline Sulphate Solutions”, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 34, 2004, pp. 823-831

Danilov found Fe/TiO2 composites exhibited an enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions in 1 M NaOH solution, and it may be associated with the growth of the concentration of the surface active sites and the presence of the redox couple containing titanium compounds in different valency states [15].
Acid dipping is aimed to remove the surface oxide by putting nickel foam in 5vol% HCl for 5 min after degreasing.
Janik-Czachor, Hydrogen evolution on hot and cold consolidated Ni-Mo alloys produced by mechanical alloying, Materials Science & Engineering A 300 (2001) 105-112
Guo, Electrodeposition of amorphous Ni-Mo alloy, Chinese Journal of Plationg and Finishing 16 (1994) 9-12
Xu, Properties and Structure of Nanocrystalline Ni-Mo Alloy Electrodeposition, Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry 16 (1999) 38-41

In this thesis, a preliminary study on the connection mechanism of carbon cast steel -high chromium white iron was aimed at by analyzing the microstructure and chemical composition of transition zone with electron microscope observation and energy spectral analysis. 2.
In the alloy insert of sample, the highest weight percent of chromium content is 24.21λ.
Reference [1] Shu-xi.Sheng:A study on making compound wear-resistant casting with casting-in process.
Journal of xinJiang Institute of Technology.Vol.21 No.4 Dec.2ooo
FOUNDRY vol.49 No.6 June 2000 [3] Jun Zhang: Cast surface alloying by centrifugal casting method.

Novel methods for cordierite nanoparticles obtaining are co-precipitation route, sol-emulsion-gel method, [3, 4] and starting active compounds [5] and nanosized oxides particle application method [6].
The combination of two complex oxide compounds: cordierite (2MgO ∙ 2Al2O3∙5SiO2) and mullite (3Al2O3∙2SiO2) - in one ceramic material improves its performance properties.
The aim of this study was to investigate complex compounds synthesis activating by additives, obtained during the self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) in a mixture of natural materials and aluminum nanopowder (ANP).
After combustion alloys were milled and introduced into the initial batches as the activating additives.
ANP The maximum temperature of the nanopowder combustion without additives, fixed in the experiment was about 2250°C, for mineral and metal compounds - about 1400-1450oC.

With the success in FSW of light metal alloys coupled with lower operating costs due to improved energy efficiency and virtual lack of a consumable has emphasized the need to examine aluminium and coated steel joint by FSW.
Fig.3XRD pattern for (a) 1000/50 and (b) 500/100 combination of parameter As can be seen from the XRD pattern, diffraction line that were attributed to intermetallic compounds, of Al13Fe4 [11-13] and Fe3Al [14] were detected.
Actually, the zinc coat on the surface of steel is composed of iron-zinc intermetallic compounds.
The zinc coat firmly joins with steel through iron-zinc intermetallic compounds, but its surface composition approaches pure zinc [18].
Pashby, Journal of Material Processing Technology, (2000), 99-1.66-71

Comparison of Mechanical Properties of the 32CrMoV12-28 Hot Work Tool Steels Alloyed with WC, VC and TaC Powder Using HPDL Laser L.A.
For alloying the tantalum carbide, tungsten carbide and vanadium carbide powders were used.
The structure and improvement of mechanical properties is an aim of this work; because the improvement of hardness of the surface layer is a very important factor for practical use.
Ideal material systems to fabricate high-power diode lasers are the III-V compound semiconductors.
WNT, Warszawa - 2002 [2] Dobrzański L.A., Mazurkiewicz J., Hajduczek E.: Journal of Mat.

The aim of present study is to systematically examine the effect of phase and microstructure of Ti-Al-Nb ternary alloy on mechanical properties by compress and tensile test at RT to 1373K.
Results and discussions Microstructure of the alloys Fig.1 shows SEM microstructures observed in three alloys homogenized at 1473K for 5 hours.
The three alloys facture suddenly prior to yield strength.
(a) alloy A, RT, (b) alloy B, RT, (c) alloy C, RT and (d) alloy B, 1173K Discussion The above experimental results show that the mechanical properties of three alloys are strongly dependent on the phase contents of alloys.
Journal of Materials Science.

The heat treatment steps conventionally used for precipitation hardening alloys are solid solution and aging.
This work aims to analyze qualitatively the effect of each step of double aging heat treatment, using images obtained by optical and scanning electron microscope, Vickers hardness and ASTM grain size number.
Abdellaoui:Journal of Alloys and Compounds Vol. 306 (1-2) (2000), p. 277
Practices and procedures for nonferrous alloys.

On various conditions of temperature fields and vacuum degrees, particular kinds of gas, compounds or simple substances which contain the elements that composing the coating, will be blown into reaction chamber that has the untreated substrate.
Not only do it deposit metal coating and alloy coating, but so do the coatings of different materials including various compounds, semiconductor, ceramic and organic of monolayer or multilayered structure.
In 2005, aiming at the anti-erosion property of medium caliber barrel, NJIT proposed the using of chemical vapor deposition method to prepare high-quality tantalum coating, providing an alternative technology to solve the problem of wear resistance and anti-erosion.
Ordnance Journal .2006(2):13－14
Journal of materials[J]. 2011（10）：127-130