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Introduction Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) are advanced composite materials to protect large temperature gradients in a structure.
Usually, two materials are composed linearly by the rule of mixture through the thickness direction.
The deviation is dependent only on the Young's moduli of two materials [4].
[4] H Yaghoobi, A Fereidoon, Influence of neutral surface position on deflection of functionally graded beam under uniformly distributed load, World Applied Sciences Journal. 10(3) (2010) 337-341
[5] Da-Guang Zhang, Modeling and analysis of FGM rectangular plates based on physical neutral surface and high order shear deformation theory, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. 68 (2013) 92–104

Borges3 1 Materials Science Department/CENIMAT and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal 3 TEKELEC, Chão de Murches P.O.
Experimental details Materials preparation Preparation of thin films.
Yianoulis, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 85 (2005) 205
Yianoulis, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 83 (2004) 115
Qiu, Journal of Applied Polymer Science 65 (1997) 1739.

Usage of waste materials as concrete mixture can reduce the waste management crisis in the world.
[2] Valdivel T.S., Thenmozhi R., Experiment Study on Waste Tyre Rubber Replaced Concrete – an Ecofriendly Construction Material,Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 8(6): 2966-2973
[3] Eldin, N.N. & Senouci, A.B., Rubber Tire Particles as Concrete Aggregate, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE 5 (4): 478-496
[4] Fattuhi N, Clark L., Cement Based Materials Containing Shredded Scrap Truck Tire Rubber.
ASCE Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering.

Acknowledgements This work is supported by the National Basic Research Program (973 Program) (2011CB707602) , the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China and the program of National Natual Science Foundation of China (50975136).
Stanzl-Tschegg: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 170 (2005), p. 42–49 [3] J.
[4] Reimund Neugebauer, Andrea Stoll: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 149 (2004), p. 633–639 [5] G.
Rohm: International Dairy Journal Vol.19 (2009), p. 314–320 [6] M.
Andrew: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 192–193 (2007), p. 159–165 [11] Georg Eggers, Johannes Klein, Julia Blank, Stefan Hassfeld: British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Vol. 42 (2004), p. 451—453 [12] Jongbaeg Kim, Bongwon Jeong, Mu Chiao, and Liwei Lin: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ADVANCED PACKAGING Vol.32 (2009), p. 461-467 [13] S.

Abstract.Reinforced soil has been among the most effective soil modification materials.
Clay was used as sub grade material.
The advances of these materials have usually been considered by an increase in their applications.
MATERIAL Composite materials consist of two parts.
REFERENCES [1] Akbulut, S., Arasan, S. and Kalkan, E. (2007) Modification of clayey soils using scrap tire rubber and synthetic fibres, Journal of Applied Clay Science 38, 23-32

Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2008, 20(1): 85-91 [9] C.
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2011, 23(12): 1602-1608 [10] John A.
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2009, 21(2): 65-72 [17] Rundong Gao, Qingbin Li.
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,2013,25(1):39-44 [18] J. de Brito, F.
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2012, 24(8): 1034-1042 [22] A.K.

There is a new recovery method that discarded tires are used with soil as reinforced materials in slope, which has many merits, has not environment pollution and cost saving.
Discarded tires used as reinforced materials have distinctive mechanical properties, such as high tensile strength, good anti-friction, fine flexility and durability etc[1-4].
Discarded tires reinforced in slope and retaining wall can not only reduce environment pollution resulted from discarded tires, but also increase source of reinforced soil materials.
The significant advantage of the propose scrap tire reinforced earth system would be the reduced cost of materials and construction.
Journal of Guizhou University of Technology (Natural Science Edition) 37(2008)243-245.

Experimental Procedure Materials.
Kalin: Tribology of Ceramics and Composites: Materials Science Perspective (John Wiley & Sons 2011)
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials Vol. 20(2013), p. 113–125
Advanced Engineering Materials Vol. 13(12)(2011), p.
Yin: Wear Behavior of Pressable Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials Vol. 104(5)(2016), p. 968–978

The Al2O3 used were produced by SZIKKTI Laboratory for Silicatechemistry and Materials Science Ltd. at 99.99 % (m/m) purity, 5.4 m2/g specific surface and 5 µm mean particle size.
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McGavin: Basic Science-Trends in Emerging Materials and Applications, FOURTH EURO CERAMICS Vol. 4 (1995), p. 487-492 [13] B.
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Silicon nanocrystals embedded in silicon nitride have received attention as promising materials for optoelectronic applications [5] and for biosensors [6].
The FTIR attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) has been previously used for analysis of the Si3N4-bioglass composites [9] and combined Hf-based-SiNx materials [10], multilayered silicon nitride materials for photovoltaics [11] and atomic-layer deposited silicon nitride [12].
Materials and Methods Synthesis of Si3N4 nanolayered coatings.
Kroll, Modelling amorphous silicon nitride: A comparative study of Empirical potentials, Computational Materials Science, 148 (2018) 165-175
Tolmachev, Effective refractive index and composition of oxidized porous silicon films, Materials Science and Engineering, B69-70 (2000) 142-148