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Online since: September 2007
Authors: You Peng Zhang, Hong Sheng Su
Then the discrete decision table is acquired by quantifying attribute values in
decision table using information entropy, a simplified decision table then is generated by rough set
reduction.
(9) According to (5) and (9), we have .OIO|pE|qq|E T c j j 1 1 2 2 })({(})()({ − − ∧ −ω =− ∑ XXX (10) In fact, I and O may be estimated based on statistic data.
0 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 7 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Known from the distinguishable matrix of rough set, {b,e, i} is core attribute set, hence, we can get the reduction
After reduction via rough set, we get X={1,1,0,1,1}.
(9) According to (5) and (9), we have .OIO|pE|qq|E T c j j 1 1 2 2 })({(})()({ − − ∧ −ω =− ∑ XXX (10) In fact, I and O may be estimated based on statistic data.
0 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 7 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Known from the distinguishable matrix of rough set, {b,e, i} is core attribute set, hence, we can get the reduction
After reduction via rough set, we get X={1,1,0,1,1}.
Online since: October 2006
Authors: J. Stoemenos, Narcis Mestres, José Millan, Amador Pérez-Tomás, Miquel Vellvehi, P. Vennegues
This anomalous mobility enhancement is explained in terms of
Coulomb scattering reduction and quantified using a physical model based on the Lombardi
mobility model.
After oxidation, XTEM measurements evidence a thin SiOx interfacial layer at the insulator/semiconductor interface in 4H-SiC MIS capacitors. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10-9 10-7 1x10-5 10-3 10-1 Experimental data r =1 φφφφa=0.01eV Hopping φφφφt=2eV Field-Emission n=2.24 Poole-Frenkel Current Density, J [A·cm-2] Gate Bias [V] n=2.24 Schottky-Emission (a) (b) Fig. 1.
The observed interfacial SiO2 tunnelling current combined with δ-Ta2O5 Poole-Frenkel mechanisms seems to be a sufficiently low abrupt transition in gate breakdown to obtain an effective reduction of the Coulomb scattering at interface traps due to inversion charge increase, n∆ .
We propose a model where this increase of inversion charge provokes the reduction of the effect of the Coulomb scattering at interface traps.
After oxidation, XTEM measurements evidence a thin SiOx interfacial layer at the insulator/semiconductor interface in 4H-SiC MIS capacitors. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10-9 10-7 1x10-5 10-3 10-1 Experimental data r =1 φφφφa=0.01eV Hopping φφφφt=2eV Field-Emission n=2.24 Poole-Frenkel Current Density, J [A·cm-2] Gate Bias [V] n=2.24 Schottky-Emission (a) (b) Fig. 1.
The observed interfacial SiO2 tunnelling current combined with δ-Ta2O5 Poole-Frenkel mechanisms seems to be a sufficiently low abrupt transition in gate breakdown to obtain an effective reduction of the Coulomb scattering at interface traps due to inversion charge increase, n∆ .
We propose a model where this increase of inversion charge provokes the reduction of the effect of the Coulomb scattering at interface traps.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Bing Sun, Jing Yang, Zhi Yu Yan, Qiao Min Wang
A preparation of nanometer silver sol by micro arc discharge has been study here through the reduction of Ag3PO4.
The data from EDS analysis of the powder sample from the discharged solution Element Weight percent Atomic percent C K 6.17 27.04 O K 8.62 28.36 Si K 0.41 0.78 P K 2.00 3.40 Ag L 82.80 40.42 Total 100.00 Comparison of the Stabilizers.
It is unfavorable to the formation of nanometer silver when the stabilizer is too much or too low, which has been verified in many synthesis of nanometer silver sol through chemical reduction.
Conclusion In the experiment above, the reduction of Ag+ to nanometer silver have been studied by micro arc discharge with titanium needle - stainless steel needle electrodes under DC power supply.
The data from EDS analysis of the powder sample from the discharged solution Element Weight percent Atomic percent C K 6.17 27.04 O K 8.62 28.36 Si K 0.41 0.78 P K 2.00 3.40 Ag L 82.80 40.42 Total 100.00 Comparison of the Stabilizers.
It is unfavorable to the formation of nanometer silver when the stabilizer is too much or too low, which has been verified in many synthesis of nanometer silver sol through chemical reduction.
Conclusion In the experiment above, the reduction of Ag+ to nanometer silver have been studied by micro arc discharge with titanium needle - stainless steel needle electrodes under DC power supply.
Online since: October 2012
Authors: Cheng Hua Wang, Jun Nan Cao, Liang Liang Zhao
The bearing capacity can also be got from the pile test data if condition is available.
This means the reduction of partial settlement of a raft can be realized by using piles as settlement reducers to compensation the settlement requirment.
(7) Where, k is the efficiency factor of bearing capacity of a pile, usually take as 0.5~1.0; Qu is the vertical limit bearing capacity of a single pile, kN, which can be obtained from the pile test data.
At the same time, the reduction of vertical stress along horizontal direction becomes fast, thereby the horizontal influential zone of the stress will decrease as well.
As the pile length increases, the vertical additional stress of soil on the pile tip plan decreases obviously, which leads to an effective reduction of foundation settlement, but results in a decay of reduction ratio of stress along horizontal direction.
This means the reduction of partial settlement of a raft can be realized by using piles as settlement reducers to compensation the settlement requirment.
(7) Where, k is the efficiency factor of bearing capacity of a pile, usually take as 0.5~1.0; Qu is the vertical limit bearing capacity of a single pile, kN, which can be obtained from the pile test data.
At the same time, the reduction of vertical stress along horizontal direction becomes fast, thereby the horizontal influential zone of the stress will decrease as well.
As the pile length increases, the vertical additional stress of soil on the pile tip plan decreases obviously, which leads to an effective reduction of foundation settlement, but results in a decay of reduction ratio of stress along horizontal direction.
Online since: October 2016
Authors: Donato Sorgente, Gianfranco Palumbo, Vito Piglionico, Antonio Piccininni, Luigi Tricarico, Pasquale Guglielmi
In this context, non-conventional techniques, like for example those adopting flexible media, represent a challenging solution: among them, Hydroforming (HF), in which the blank is deformed under the action of a pressurized fluid (usually oil) [10], offers several advantages including cost reduction of workpiece and tools [11].
It is worthy of notice that the temperature increase led to a strong reduction of the mechanical properties of the alloy.
For example, the percentage thickness reduction (TR%) and the Major strain profiles concerning tests at 250 °C have been plotted in Fig. 7a and Fig. 7b, respectively.
Experimental data were used for creating accurate Response Surfaces (RSs) using a multivariate polynomial interpolation algorithm based on the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD).
(a) (b) (c) Fig. 10 Contour plot of the Response Variable: (a) F%, (b) Cycle time and (c) TR% Resulting RSs have been reported in Fig. 10: the surfaces showed a good fitting of the starting data, being characterized by a correlation coefficient (R2) equal to about 98%.
It is worthy of notice that the temperature increase led to a strong reduction of the mechanical properties of the alloy.
For example, the percentage thickness reduction (TR%) and the Major strain profiles concerning tests at 250 °C have been plotted in Fig. 7a and Fig. 7b, respectively.
Experimental data were used for creating accurate Response Surfaces (RSs) using a multivariate polynomial interpolation algorithm based on the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD).
(a) (b) (c) Fig. 10 Contour plot of the Response Variable: (a) F%, (b) Cycle time and (c) TR% Resulting RSs have been reported in Fig. 10: the surfaces showed a good fitting of the starting data, being characterized by a correlation coefficient (R2) equal to about 98%.
Online since: March 2009
Authors: Yvan Houbaert, Lucia Suarez, Rafael Colás, Pablo Rodriguez-Calvillo
Because of some problems in optimization of the differentiation between
wustite, magnetite and iron (cubic phases in all cases) they found sometimes quite low confidence
index (CI) values in the raw data for some alpha iron grains but nevertheless clear layers containing
alpha iron, wustite, magnetite and hematite can be distinguished.
The experiments were performed at 1050°C and 10 s-1, to a thickness reduction ranging from 5 to 70% [5].
Figure 2 shows IQ+ IPF maps for samples oxidized at 1050°C during 5 seconds and then deformed at 1050°C (reductions of 50, 60 and 70%) and 10 s-1 of strain rate.
Microstructure evolution: oxide grown under controlled atmosphere of oxidation as a function of the reduction at 1050°C; (a) undeformed scale; scale after reduction of: (b) 50%; (c) 60%; (d) 70%.
Texture evolution in the substrate and in the oxide layer after different reductions at 1050°C: (a) undeformed, (b) after 50% specimen reduction, (c) after 60% specimen reduction, (d) after 70% specimen reduction
The experiments were performed at 1050°C and 10 s-1, to a thickness reduction ranging from 5 to 70% [5].
Figure 2 shows IQ+ IPF maps for samples oxidized at 1050°C during 5 seconds and then deformed at 1050°C (reductions of 50, 60 and 70%) and 10 s-1 of strain rate.
Microstructure evolution: oxide grown under controlled atmosphere of oxidation as a function of the reduction at 1050°C; (a) undeformed scale; scale after reduction of: (b) 50%; (c) 60%; (d) 70%.
Texture evolution in the substrate and in the oxide layer after different reductions at 1050°C: (a) undeformed, (b) after 50% specimen reduction, (c) after 60% specimen reduction, (d) after 70% specimen reduction
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Zhi Xiong Di, Jiang Yi Shi, Kun Chen, Kang Li
The types of stored data
The network processor is a network system used to store and forward IP packets.
Firstly, the network processor stores the received data, then do some relevant process.
The more the storage of packet buffers is, the better it can absorb the fluctuation of data, causing longer delay in data transmission at the same time.
When the data fluctuation exceeds the utmost of absorption of packet buffers in network processor, the data will be lost.
Meanwhile, the second long word describes the transmission port, data information and marker information.
Firstly, the network processor stores the received data, then do some relevant process.
The more the storage of packet buffers is, the better it can absorb the fluctuation of data, causing longer delay in data transmission at the same time.
When the data fluctuation exceeds the utmost of absorption of packet buffers in network processor, the data will be lost.
Meanwhile, the second long word describes the transmission port, data information and marker information.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Kirill Nikolaevich Gureev, Darya Viktorovna Nemova, Alexandra Sergeevna Kazimirova, Nikolay Vatin
In article the structural analysis of power consumption of the building of kindergarten is carried out, on the basis of the analysis of actual data of heatconsumption and the carried-out tool energy audit the data, allowing to estimate a condition of systems of heating, power supply, water supply are obtained.
Data about the building Object of research – the building consisting of one case: the two-storeyed.
Summary data on financial expenses are presented also in table 3. [23] Table 3.
The economy is warm at introduction of this action може to reach 40% (according to data of the producer).
The economy of heat at introduction of this action can make to 40% (according to data of the producer).
Data about the building Object of research – the building consisting of one case: the two-storeyed.
Summary data on financial expenses are presented also in table 3. [23] Table 3.
The economy is warm at introduction of this action може to reach 40% (according to data of the producer).
The economy of heat at introduction of this action can make to 40% (according to data of the producer).
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Yun Yan Li, Ying Nan Xian
As the population of the city and social economic develop, the city's transport demand continues to grow; the latest data of travel volume within six ring roads in Beijing kept increasing year by year from 2007 to 2010 is shown in Table 1.
Apply the data from table 1 and table 3 into formula (1), we get the total carbon emissions and carbon emissions of different transport modes from 2007 to 2010, which is shown in Table 4.
Setting the data of 2010 as a benchmark, assuming that the share rate of other means of transport, travel distance are the same, we put the above data into formula (1), we can get the data that by 2020 the carbon emissions of six ring in Beijing will be 22.18 million tons, which is 2.09 times on the data of 2010.
And the carbon emission of private cars is 15.73 million tons, which is 2.32 times that of the data of 2010, as the major source of carbon emissions.
Put the above data into formula(1), we can get the total carbon emissions within six ring road areas of Beijing is 19.15 million tons, lower than to the scenario 1, but the declination is not obvious.
Apply the data from table 1 and table 3 into formula (1), we get the total carbon emissions and carbon emissions of different transport modes from 2007 to 2010, which is shown in Table 4.
Setting the data of 2010 as a benchmark, assuming that the share rate of other means of transport, travel distance are the same, we put the above data into formula (1), we can get the data that by 2020 the carbon emissions of six ring in Beijing will be 22.18 million tons, which is 2.09 times on the data of 2010.
And the carbon emission of private cars is 15.73 million tons, which is 2.32 times that of the data of 2010, as the major source of carbon emissions.
Put the above data into formula(1), we can get the total carbon emissions within six ring road areas of Beijing is 19.15 million tons, lower than to the scenario 1, but the declination is not obvious.
Online since: June 2012
Authors: Bao Ku Qi, Jing Ming Zhao, Yu Qu
Low-carbon economy has increasingly become the mainstream of development in our country, but using cost and benefit method to analyze the low-carbon building is still not much in China, and the construction of carbon emissions market about low-carbon building is slow in the development of architecture field, that because establishe and promote the carbon emissions markets in construction industry are facing the reason of high trading cost, lack of statistical data, poor monomer efficiency and immature system.
The so-called production cost means that the replacement of high energy-consuming equipment and traditional building materials and other related measures cost of energy saving and carbon reduction according to the national requirement of related mandatory index in the construction process of low-carbon building.
The low-carbon building in the construction process must meet these rigid standards requirement firstly, then it will achieve the low-carbon reduction targets though the low-carbon design, the low-carbon construction and increase the equipment and measures of energy efficient.
And the measure cost of the energy conservation and emission reduction mainly include: the design and construction costs of the low-carbon building, the update cost of energy conservation equipment such as the new energy source and the usage cost of energy conservation materials, etc; ΔCa2 represents the increase of the additional cost in the construction process of the low-carbon building, mainly refers to the sum of the owner’s compliance cost, behavior cost of the carbon emission in the market condition and the additional cost of the contractor; ΔCr represent the decrease cost in the construction process of the low-carbon building, mainly refers to the sum of the reduction cost of the fossil fuel consumption, the cost reduction because of the government subsidies and the saving cost of the lighting and ventilation because of taking the low-carbon equipments and measures.
The most direct and obvious benefit of the development of the low-carbon building is the reduction of the carbon emission in the construction process, and then improve the environment benefit and social benefit.
The so-called production cost means that the replacement of high energy-consuming equipment and traditional building materials and other related measures cost of energy saving and carbon reduction according to the national requirement of related mandatory index in the construction process of low-carbon building.
The low-carbon building in the construction process must meet these rigid standards requirement firstly, then it will achieve the low-carbon reduction targets though the low-carbon design, the low-carbon construction and increase the equipment and measures of energy efficient.
And the measure cost of the energy conservation and emission reduction mainly include: the design and construction costs of the low-carbon building, the update cost of energy conservation equipment such as the new energy source and the usage cost of energy conservation materials, etc; ΔCa2 represents the increase of the additional cost in the construction process of the low-carbon building, mainly refers to the sum of the owner’s compliance cost, behavior cost of the carbon emission in the market condition and the additional cost of the contractor; ΔCr represent the decrease cost in the construction process of the low-carbon building, mainly refers to the sum of the reduction cost of the fossil fuel consumption, the cost reduction because of the government subsidies and the saving cost of the lighting and ventilation because of taking the low-carbon equipments and measures.
The most direct and obvious benefit of the development of the low-carbon building is the reduction of the carbon emission in the construction process, and then improve the environment benefit and social benefit.