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The water reduces the peak overpressure outside, which agrees well with the experimental data.
This indicates that the development of shock wave mitigation techniques inside a tunnel is desirable for reduction of the extent of damage inside and outside a tunnel.
Because detailed data on the explosion phenomenon are required to clarify the mitigation mechanism, a numerical simulation would be a useful tool.
Lines and symbols denote data of the present simulations and the previous experiments [7], respectively.
The peak overpressures in the cases of 50-J explosions without water, and 130-J explosion with water shows good agreement, which indicates that the internal energy transfer of 80 J from air to water and the air volume reduction inside a tube directly mitigates the blast wave outside.

This paper established multi-body dynamic model of block-crankshaft system by method of finite element substructure and multi-body dynamics, and carried out the distribution of dynamic stress acting on the crankshaft in a working cycle and on this basis carried out the fatigue strength analysis, then received the fatigue safety coefficient and fatigue life data of each part of the crankshaft.
Finally, the fatigue safety coefficients and fatigue life data of each part of the crankshaft are achieved.
Define the main DOF nodes on the mesh model by the finite element software and conduct the dynamic condensation by substructure reduction method before proceeding the dynamic calculation.
Crankshaft Assembly FE Model Simulation Calculation The dynamic model is established by introducing the FE model file of crankshaft and block and the modal reduction file into dynamics calculation software.
In this study, the measured indicator diagram data obtained at the rated speed of 2300r/min is selected as load boundary condition.

The high rate directional solidification results in reduction in primary and secondary dendrite arm spacing, refinement of λ' phase, reduced microsegregation of alloying elements and smaller size of γ-γ' eutectics.
The segregation ratios, defined as the maximum concentration in interdendrite areas over minimum concentration in dendrite trunk, were determined from the measured data.
High rate directional solidification resulted in reduction in primary and secondary dendrite arm spacing, refinement of λ' phase, reduced microsegregation of alloying elements and smaller size of γ-γ' eutectics.

Ag nano-particles were deposited on the surface of TiO2 self-assembled films by photo-reduction of Ag + solution.
Electrons trapped on the metal would be effectively transferred to perform the reduction reaction with O2 and the holes could participate in the oxidation reaction to their best abilities, and hence the high photo-catalytic efficiency of rutile may be realized.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) data of the films were obtained by Cu Kα line from a Rigaku D/max-2200pc X-ray diffractometer.

Random extraction and consumption of fossil fuels have leads to a reduction in petroleum reserves.
A drastic improvement in reduction of Hydrocarbon (HC) and Carbon monoxide (CO) were found for Biodiesels at high engine loads.
The reduction of energy in Biodiesel is partially offset by average increase in the combustion efficiency of Biodiesel.
For each load condition the engine was running at a minimum of 5 minute and data were collected during the last 2 minute of operation.
F.J and Harjit Rai., The calculation of heat release energy from Engine Cylinder Pressure Data.

The Effectiveness of Cold Rolling for Residual Stress Reduction in Quenched 7050 Aluminium Alloy Forgings Ran Pan1,a*, Catrin Mair Davies1,b, Wei Zhang2,c, Zhusheng Shi1,d, Thilo Pirling3,e and Jian Guo Lin1,f 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK 2The First Aircraft Institute, No. 1 Renmindong Road, Yanliang District, Xi'an, Shanxi 710089, P.R.
He found that, although both techniques can remarkably reduce the magnitude of quenching-induced residual stresses (a reduction of around 90%), in practice it is difficult to apply these conventional cold working methods for very large components.
A brief summary of the measurement procedure and data analysis methods are described below.
Cudd, Cold compression residual stress reduction in aluminium alloy 7010, the Fifth European Conference on Residual Stresses, (ECRS5), 347 (1999) 235-240
Robinson, Modelling stress reduction techniques of cold compression and stretching in wrought aluminium alloy products, J.

The data of growth indicators during control period, yield and total water consumption were obtained.
Data analysis.
The values of all indicators were estimated by averaging the measured data of the three duplications related to each treatment.
Hence, data of growth indicators at 0d, 10d, 20d and 30d after water control were collected.
All these data were analyzed using analysis of variance with the significance level of 95% (alpha=0.05), and using the analysis of nonlinear regression as well.

The workflow of the SHM system includes data acquisition from the sensors; data processing which involves the elimination of corrupted, redundant, and unreliable data followed by feature extraction from remaining useful data; data storage which requires the development of an appropriate algorithm for long-term, reliable and interpretable data; data diagnostic and statistical model development which comprises further interpretation of processed data and algorithm development to evaluate the structural condition [4].
This means we will have live data of the Bridge in the cloud.
Data storage in this framework will be done using cloud computing so the data can be remotely accessed and retrieved anytime.
The data will be logged on the cloud along with a timestamp so that later on we can perform data analytics with respect to time.
SHM Data Analytics and Decision-Making Using AI This layer involves noise reduction, feature extraction, development of statistical models to identify changes and trends in the response of the structure.

When specimens are struck with 25 J of energy, the compressive strength reduction reached a maximum value of 15.68%.
After recording the response in mV versus time using a load cell mounted on the top of the impactor, the data is converted to force versus time by applying appropriate sensor calibration.
The force versus time data is used to calculate the displacements and the absorbed energies by using equations (1-3) [17].
The strain maps on the front face (impacted face in case of damaged specimens) of the specimen are recorded using the Digital Correlation Technique in addition to the load versus displacement data obtained from the UTM.
Specimen 2 has shown a maximum reduction of 15.68 % in compressive strength with 25 J energy impact.

Fig.3 System architecture diagram As seen in the figure 3, divided into 8 modules of the system, data-dependent relationship between each module.
Web content database data for statistical analysis of time evolution analysis and segmentation for named entity recognition module and named entity recognition.
Data mining analysis.
After the completion of the analysis of the evolution of events, the Scheduler opens 3 threads for 3 types of data mining operations.
Analysis contained in one thread for each data mining module, eventually each analysis results into the database.