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Online since: September 2013
Authors: Ping Xu, Bao Quan Chen, Yong Yi Mao, Yang Yang
Threshold noise reduction method becomes the mainstream methods.
In the threshold noise reduction methods, normally with the absolute value of wavelet coefficient as the classification basis wavelet coefficient, when the wavelet coefficient absolute value is less than a fixed threshold when the means of the wavelet coefficient contains less information, subject to the strong noise interference.
Exactly in line with the above characteristics of wavelet transform in signal processing advantages, and to verify the idea of using wavelet noise reduction to eliminate the feasibility of measurement error
(4) Wavelet inverse transform by the new coefficient(W'), and reconstructed TDOA and AOA value after noise reduction.
[3] Stephan Sand, Christian Mensing, Mohamed Laaraiedh.Performance Assessment of Hybrid Data Fusion and Tracking Algorithms.
In the threshold noise reduction methods, normally with the absolute value of wavelet coefficient as the classification basis wavelet coefficient, when the wavelet coefficient absolute value is less than a fixed threshold when the means of the wavelet coefficient contains less information, subject to the strong noise interference.
Exactly in line with the above characteristics of wavelet transform in signal processing advantages, and to verify the idea of using wavelet noise reduction to eliminate the feasibility of measurement error
(4) Wavelet inverse transform by the new coefficient(W'), and reconstructed TDOA and AOA value after noise reduction.
[3] Stephan Sand, Christian Mensing, Mohamed Laaraiedh.Performance Assessment of Hybrid Data Fusion and Tracking Algorithms.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: B. Parthiban, M. Parthasarathy, K. Annamalai, J. Isaac Joshua Ramesh Lalvani
Random extraction and consumption of fossil fuels have leads to a reduction in petroleum reserves.
A drastic improvement in reduction of Hydrocarbon (HC) and Carbon monoxide (CO) were found for Biodiesels at high engine loads.
The reduction of energy in Biodiesel is partially offset by average increase in the combustion efficiency of Biodiesel.
For each load condition the engine was running at a minimum of 5 minute and data were collected during the last 2 minute of operation.
F.J and Harjit Rai., The calculation of heat release energy from Engine Cylinder Pressure Data.
A drastic improvement in reduction of Hydrocarbon (HC) and Carbon monoxide (CO) were found for Biodiesels at high engine loads.
The reduction of energy in Biodiesel is partially offset by average increase in the combustion efficiency of Biodiesel.
For each load condition the engine was running at a minimum of 5 minute and data were collected during the last 2 minute of operation.
F.J and Harjit Rai., The calculation of heat release energy from Engine Cylinder Pressure Data.
Online since: April 2009
Authors: Fernando Pedraza-Diaz, S. Poupard, J. Creus
The impedance data were obtained at the
corrosion potential with an Autolab frequency response analyser connected to an electrochemical
interface.
Open-circuit potential and polarisation measurements Figure 3 shows respectively the polarisation curves in 0.5M NaCl solution and the resulting data for bare and coated zinc.
Aramaki [7] ascribed this phenomenon to the reduction of Ce 4+ species into Ce 3+ in the form of hydroxides.
The impedance data can be fitted using simple electrical equivalent circuit.
Rcorr values of Ce coated samples are greater than those of the Ce + PEG coated zinc in agreement with the Rp data from the polarisation curves.
Open-circuit potential and polarisation measurements Figure 3 shows respectively the polarisation curves in 0.5M NaCl solution and the resulting data for bare and coated zinc.
Aramaki [7] ascribed this phenomenon to the reduction of Ce 4+ species into Ce 3+ in the form of hydroxides.
The impedance data can be fitted using simple electrical equivalent circuit.
Rcorr values of Ce coated samples are greater than those of the Ce + PEG coated zinc in agreement with the Rp data from the polarisation curves.
Online since: August 2025
Authors: Salmariza Sy, Doni Putra, Kasma Iswari, Ardinal Ardinal, Leni Marlina
The data collection for 3 months.
Data was obtained from the person responsible for the PT AMP installation.
The data used for the article is recorded data from January, February, and March 2022.
COD reduction, methane gas produced, and efficiency of electricity used at PT AMP during observation.
The calculation of the cost of capturing methane gas is based on power data produced from January to March with an average demand for petro 4 of 57414,6 kWh/month or 688975,2 kWh/year which is replaced by biogas.
Data was obtained from the person responsible for the PT AMP installation.
The data used for the article is recorded data from January, February, and March 2022.
COD reduction, methane gas produced, and efficiency of electricity used at PT AMP during observation.
The calculation of the cost of capturing methane gas is based on power data produced from January to March with an average demand for petro 4 of 57414,6 kWh/month or 688975,2 kWh/year which is replaced by biogas.
Online since: June 2015
Authors: C. Jothi Shanmugam
Many castings, though more economical than similar parts made by other processes, have asignificant potential for further cost reduction by minor design modifications that lead tobetter product-process compatibility.
Table .1 ANOVASample Batch –I <10 A statistical analysis tool that separates the total variability found within a data set into two components: random and systematic factors.
The random factors do not have any statistical influence on the given data set, while the systematic factors do.
The ANOVA test is the initial step in identifying factors that are influencing a given data set.
After the ANOVA test is performed, the analyst is able to perform further analysis on the systematic factors that are statistically contributing to the data set's variabilityANOVA is the synthesis of several ideas and it is used for multiple purposes.
Table .1 ANOVASample Batch –I <10 A statistical analysis tool that separates the total variability found within a data set into two components: random and systematic factors.
The random factors do not have any statistical influence on the given data set, while the systematic factors do.
The ANOVA test is the initial step in identifying factors that are influencing a given data set.
After the ANOVA test is performed, the analyst is able to perform further analysis on the systematic factors that are statistically contributing to the data set's variabilityANOVA is the synthesis of several ideas and it is used for multiple purposes.
Online since: April 2016
Authors: Catalina Ciofu, Gheorghe Stan, Ana Lacramioara Ungureanu, Paul Alin Butunoi
A brief analysis of the technical data provided by manufacturers of planetary speed reducers [5, 6] reveals backlash values between 5-12 minutes (0.083-0.2º) or even less.
However, as known from the scientific literature, a certain amount of the flank play is necessary for the proper operation of the planetary transmission.Eq. 3 and Eq. 4 show that a reduction of the angular play for the planet gears and the first planet carrier can be attained by increasing value of the corresponding transmission ratio so that a corresponding reduction of the backlash is achieved.
A look at the technical data provided by planetary transmission manufacturers reveal transmission ratios having values of i=15÷100 for two-stage planetary transmissions, achieving therefore a significant reduction of the angular play at the output shaft and confirming therefore, the previously made assertions.
Using the numerical data shown in this paper, the results are presented in Table 1 (for the first and second stage) The pitch radii R corresponding to the sun, planet and ring gears were computed as the product between the module and the number of teeth, as known from the literature.
An analysis of the numerical data shown in Table 1 confirms the theoretical assertions regarding the influence of the values of the transmission ratio over the angular play at the planetary transmission’s output shaft.
However, as known from the scientific literature, a certain amount of the flank play is necessary for the proper operation of the planetary transmission.Eq. 3 and Eq. 4 show that a reduction of the angular play for the planet gears and the first planet carrier can be attained by increasing value of the corresponding transmission ratio so that a corresponding reduction of the backlash is achieved.
A look at the technical data provided by planetary transmission manufacturers reveal transmission ratios having values of i=15÷100 for two-stage planetary transmissions, achieving therefore a significant reduction of the angular play at the output shaft and confirming therefore, the previously made assertions.
Using the numerical data shown in this paper, the results are presented in Table 1 (for the first and second stage) The pitch radii R corresponding to the sun, planet and ring gears were computed as the product between the module and the number of teeth, as known from the literature.
An analysis of the numerical data shown in Table 1 confirms the theoretical assertions regarding the influence of the values of the transmission ratio over the angular play at the planetary transmission’s output shaft.
Online since: December 2024
Authors: Irfan A. Rangkuti, Sugeng Mulyono, Vina Nanda Garjati, Dhiya Lugyana, Milah Muhamad Azam, Muslimin Muslimin
The calculated sound absorption coefficient and noise reduction coefficient are presented in Table 3.
EDS Test Results and element composition in polyester fibers Based on test data using an impedance tube, the sound dampener of used fabric fiber-used tire rubber composite shows promising results in each sample.
The Noise Reduction Coefficient is at a ratio of 60:40, which is 0.8114.
The highest Noise Reduction Coefficient is at a pressure of 10 tf with an NRC of 0.8114.
The highest Noise Reduction Coefficient at a temperature of 150oC is 0.8114.
EDS Test Results and element composition in polyester fibers Based on test data using an impedance tube, the sound dampener of used fabric fiber-used tire rubber composite shows promising results in each sample.
The Noise Reduction Coefficient is at a ratio of 60:40, which is 0.8114.
The highest Noise Reduction Coefficient is at a pressure of 10 tf with an NRC of 0.8114.
The highest Noise Reduction Coefficient at a temperature of 150oC is 0.8114.
Online since: December 2023
Authors: Ramachandran Velmurugan, Vaibhav Somaji Anuse, Krishnapillai Shankar, Sung Kyu Ha
When specimens are struck with 25 J of energy, the compressive strength reduction reached a maximum value of 15.68%.
After recording the response in mV versus time using a load cell mounted on the top of the impactor, the data is converted to force versus time by applying appropriate sensor calibration.
The force versus time data is used to calculate the displacements and the absorbed energies by using equations (1-3) [17].
The strain maps on the front face (impacted face in case of damaged specimens) of the specimen are recorded using the Digital Correlation Technique in addition to the load versus displacement data obtained from the UTM.
Specimen 2 has shown a maximum reduction of 15.68 % in compressive strength with 25 J energy impact.
After recording the response in mV versus time using a load cell mounted on the top of the impactor, the data is converted to force versus time by applying appropriate sensor calibration.
The force versus time data is used to calculate the displacements and the absorbed energies by using equations (1-3) [17].
The strain maps on the front face (impacted face in case of damaged specimens) of the specimen are recorded using the Digital Correlation Technique in addition to the load versus displacement data obtained from the UTM.
Specimen 2 has shown a maximum reduction of 15.68 % in compressive strength with 25 J energy impact.
Online since: February 2022
Authors: Vladislav Khotinov, Mikhail Erpalov
The experimental data were processed using the Bridgman, Davidenkov-Spiridonova, and Ostsemin models.
Raw experimental data obtained from the test setup Individual frames were extracted from the video record of the test process.
The method for evaluating the obtained experimental data consists of carrying out a reverse simulation of testing the existing specimen and the subsequent comparison of the data obtained from the simulation and the experiment.
At the same time, the data were pre-processed using a "moving average" filter to exclude high-frequency noise.
Reverse simulation of the test process confirmed the high accuracy of the experimental data obtained.
Raw experimental data obtained from the test setup Individual frames were extracted from the video record of the test process.
The method for evaluating the obtained experimental data consists of carrying out a reverse simulation of testing the existing specimen and the subsequent comparison of the data obtained from the simulation and the experiment.
At the same time, the data were pre-processed using a "moving average" filter to exclude high-frequency noise.
Reverse simulation of the test process confirmed the high accuracy of the experimental data obtained.
Online since: February 2014
Authors: You Ming Diao, Ze Wang, Li Ren
In recent years, some research is launched for energy-saving and emission reduction.
Zhang[2] calculated the emissions of carbon of the fishing boats in China based on statistical data and actual research results.
Ren[5] analyzed and estimated the general influence on the energy-saving, load-decreasing of the auxiliary equipments, life span-increasing and emission reduction by using the sail-assisted system of large sail-assisted ship.
When GHG emission is quantified, based on the corresponding data in the assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC), the amount of each GHG is converted into carbon dioxide equivalent CO2e by global warming potential (GWP).
Consider a variety of GHG sources, GHG emission can be described as: (4) Where, is the type of GHG sources. is the GHG activity data, includes the consumption of energy, fuel and electricity. and is the emission factor corresponding to GHG activity data.
Zhang[2] calculated the emissions of carbon of the fishing boats in China based on statistical data and actual research results.
Ren[5] analyzed and estimated the general influence on the energy-saving, load-decreasing of the auxiliary equipments, life span-increasing and emission reduction by using the sail-assisted system of large sail-assisted ship.
When GHG emission is quantified, based on the corresponding data in the assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC), the amount of each GHG is converted into carbon dioxide equivalent CO2e by global warming potential (GWP).
Consider a variety of GHG sources, GHG emission can be described as: (4) Where, is the type of GHG sources. is the GHG activity data, includes the consumption of energy, fuel and electricity. and is the emission factor corresponding to GHG activity data.