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The aim of present work is reduction of time and cost in production process of organic aerogels.
The reduction of crosslink density causes reduction in gel modulus and consequently more shrinkage.
According to this mechanism, the higher polarity of ethanol than 2-propanol may lead to observing less drying shrinkage which is in contrast to experimental data.
The reduction of particle size leads to increase in the number of particles and consequently, smaller pore size.

Fig. 1 The four-vortex wake system constructed by the test model Fig. 2 The test model in the water towing tank The research was carried out in a water towing tank which equipped with Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measuring system which was employed in measuring and analyzing the experimental data.
wingspan 1 wingspan 2 wingspan 3 wingspan 4 wingspan 5 wingspan 6 wingspan 7 wingspan 8 wingspan 9 wingspan 10 wingspan 11 wingspan 15 wingspan 20 wingspan 25 wingspan 30 wingspan 35 wingspan 40 wingspan 43 Fig. 4 Evolution of the wake vortex vorticity of modified mode As soon as the generation of the vortex pair, the secondary vortex rotated around the primary vortex anticlockwise and then was absorbed by the primary vortex at about wingspan 5, which activated the Rayleigh-Ludwieg instability of the wake system, leading to the fracture of the primary vortex core and the reduction of vorticity indicated by the scalar map.
The efficiency of this study was judged by the percentage of circulation reduction η which was calculated by , (4) where Γmin was the statistical average circulation at last five wingspans and Γmax was the five maximum circulation.
According to Eq. 3 and Eq. 4, the circulation reduction of the modified model was 39.6% whereas 13.1% of the clean model in 43 wingspans.
The dissipation of wake vortex can only be accelerated instead of totally diminished. 4) The circulation of the wake flow field continually increases in about 10 wingspans and reaches to its climax between 5 to 15 wingspans. 5) Under the study of up to 43 wingspans, the circulation reduction of modified model is 39.6% whereas 13.1% of the clean model, proving the effectiveness of the tailored-flap treatment in eliminating the wake vortex under labor conditions.

The reduction of the CoO and FeO content is accompanied by a overall reduction of their grain sizes, from 21.3 nm at Tcal =400℃ to 8.4 nm at Tcal =800℃.
This is a consequence of the reduction of the amount of CoO and FeO phases, which reduces their antiferromagnetic contribution to the hysteresis loops, with a corresponding dominance of the magnetic contribution of the CoFe2O4 phase.
The presence of CoO and FeO caused a shift of the magnetic hysteresis cycles and a reduction of their coercivity and remanence ratio as compared to the bulk CoFe2O4.
New York:Wiley(1994) [11] Powder Diffraction File, Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards, International Centre for Diffraction Data.

After reduction, the obtained graphene/Pd composites have an obvious peak around 40°, which is the peak of Pd (111), indicating that Pd precursors have been reduced.
Bourlinos et al. have reported that reduction of GO by NaBH4 leads to graphitized carbon showing an evident carbon (002) peak [13].
Thus, it has been demonstrated that Pd(en)2Cl2 has been intercalated into the graphene sheets of GO and after chemical reduction the graphene/Pd sample with high Pd content has been obtained.
Compared with the data from other Pd-supported nanocarbon composites it is clear that graphene has an advantage over other carbon materials as carbon substrate for adsorbing H2 [14-15].
The graphene/Pd composites can be obtained after chemical reduction of Pd(en)22+-intercalated GO and the resulting composites contain a large amount of Pd and has good structure.

In automotive and aerospace, the reduction of vehicle weight without compromising safety is very important for reducing fuel consumption and therefore the CO2 emission reduction.
CAD model for different geometries of lever The weight of the lever in aluminium alloy (Fig. 2a) is 78.41 g, while by using TECAMID 66 GF30 the weight is 43.12 g, with a reduction of 45%.
Generally, by using innovative material for aluminium parts the expected reduction is in the range of 10-25%, maintaining performance.
Using TECAMID 66 PA GF30, a reduction in energy for manufacturing of about 80% is estimated.
A very low standard deviation has been found (less than 5%).These values are in good agreement with the data provided by supplier and they were used for the part design, in particular finite element modeling, that was carried out but not discussed in this work.

H2-TPR characterization was carried out on the AutoChem II-2920 hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction analyzer made in Micromeritics Company.
The amount of H2 consumption during reduction was monitored by a thermal conductivity detector (TCD).
The reduction temperature of the CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 is 186.46℃.
The lower reduction temperature of the CuO-ZnO sosoloid indicates the strong synergy effect of CuO-ZnO after calcination.
According to the data from Table 3, it can be obtained that the optimization conditions are as follows: temperature of 240℃, pressure of 5.5Mpa and space velocity of 12000 h-1.

Recent research has focused on a new material which is an electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in the intermediate temperature range (600-800oC) [2,3].
The Ag2O3-Bi2O3 composite cathodes exhibit low resistance to oxygen reduction due to a combination of high catalytic activity for oxygen reduction of both phases, as well as the high ionic conductivity of the δ-Bi2O3 phase [5].
For example, the LSCF perovskite cathode was found to yield the optimum porosity of 30% after sintering at 900°C and thus enabling the oxygen reduction to occur easily [9,10].
This is in accordance with data from the literature [12] which showed that the mass loss in the vehicle organic is higher than the mass loss in Ag2O3-Bi2O3 due to the smaller melting point and higher surface area available for vehicle organic adsorption.
Deseure et al. [8] suggested that controlling the cathode porosity at 20-30% can improve the oxygen reduction process.

In this connection the feature related to area reduction seems more revealing.
In the UFG alloy the area reduction is almost a factor of two higher than that for the MC alloy (60% vs. 32%, respectively, Table 1).
The true strain in the neck of UFG specimens calculated via area reduction was found to be e~1, while that calculated via elongation shows only e~0.7.
Data obtained from the tensile tests are in a good correlation with the results of fatigue test.
Although the total elongation of the UFG condition was slightly smaller than that of the MC condition, area reduction of the UFG condition was a factor of two larger.

The dotted curves are for the simulation data.
alloy composition indicates a reduction of the bandgap energy due to only the incorporation of N.
This confirms a reduction of the optical transition energy due to the quantum confinement effect by the InxGa1-xP1-yNy well.
The cause of a large reduction of PL and PLE intensity is assigned to the rising of non-radiative defects which mainly related to the incorporation of N [3, 5].
With a large reduction of the optical transition energy with increasing In and N contents, we were able to confirm the quantum confinement effect by the InxGa1-xP1-yNy well.

Shi1,f 1 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis & Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China a gqshao@mail.whut.edu.cn, bjkguo@sunm.shcnc.ac.cn cxlduan@126.com, d talentsun20@126.com, exz20012001@163.com fsxl@mail.whut.edu.cn Keywords: Nanocomposite, Core / rim structure, WC-Co Abstract: A nanocomposite WC-Co powder consisting of grains with a Co core / WC rim structure was prepared by precipitation covering - continuous reduction / carburization method.
Through continuous reduction / carburization gas - solid reaction in a fluid bed reactor [3], nanophase W-Co was prepared at 7505 for 0.5 h by H2 reduction and the reactive intermediate with high-surface-area was carbonized immediately at 9005 for 1 h, controlling carbon activity in CH4 / H2, then CO2 / H2 gas to form the black nanocomposite Co core / WC rim powder.
Warren [24-25] has induced the data of solid - liquid interfacial energies (14505) in WC-Co system which can be consulted in this work.
The rim phases present in the final microstructure form and grow during continuous reduction / carburization.
Conclusions Nanocomposite WC-Co powder consisted of grains with a Co core / WC rim structure was prepared by precipitation covering - continuous reduction / carburization method.