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The workpiece surface can exhibit a vastly different structure compared to that of the bulk of the metal material.
Materials Science & Engineering A, 390(1-2) (2005), 88-97 [5] Bosheh S.S, Mativenga P.
International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 46(2) (2006), 225-233 [6] Elbestawi M A, Chen L, Becze C E, et al.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 157-158(12) (2004), 485-490 [8] Dewes R.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 69(1-3) (1997), 1-17 Fig.10 Cutting speed V and feed rate fz vs.

Briefly, the model minimizes the material costs, i.e. the Hot Metal Cost (HMC) based on information on raw material prices and availability of for instance scrap sources.
(a) Predicted yield stress (sy) as a function of the total cost, which includes material and extrusion costs.
Brusethaug, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. 30A (1999) 2135-2146
Dons, Journal of Light Metals 1 (2001) 133-149
Nes: Materials Science and Technology 6, (1990), 1093-1102

Innovative product form design includes not only innovation for form, color and material, but also functional creativity.
Therefore, the shape of cushion is changed from the "2-D support" to the "linear support" assisted with soft material which fulfills the request of “allusion of shortening mealtime", as shown in Fig.7.
The soft, flexible and wearable material is used to produce the cushions, which can satisfy the requirement of comfortable mealtime.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the China National Science Foundation under grant NSFC 50975186.
Shih: 6th Asian Design Conference International Symposium on Design Science, Tsukuba, Japan (2003) [6] Oya Demirbilek, Bahar Sener: Ergonomics, vol.46 (2003), p.1346-1360 [7] Shih-Wen Hsiao, Hung-Cheng Tsai: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, vol.35 (2005), p.411-428 [8] Yang-Cheng Lin, Hsin-His Lai: Techniques of Computational Intelligence for Affective Computing, vol. 16 (2005), p.618-624 [9] Edward de Bono: Serious Creativity (Harper Collins Publishers 1992) [10] V.V.Sushkov, N.J.I.Mars, P.M.Wognum: Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, vol.9 (1995), p.177-189

ACKNOWLEDGE The authors thank the National Science Council, Republic of China (Taiwan), for financially supporting this research under Contract Nos.
H.T.Lee, M.H.Chen, S.Y.Hu, C.S.Li, the 4th International Symposium on Electronic Materials and Packaging, Taiwan, Kaohsiung (2002) 3.
M.Abtew, G.Selvaduray, Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, 27 (2000) p.95 9.
P.T.Vianco, K.L.Erickson and P.L.Hopkins, Journal of Electronic Materials, 23 (1994) p.721 11.
H.T.Lee, M.H.Chen, Material Science and Engineering A, 333 (2002) p.24 13.

Therefore, it can not satisfy the holding and operating requirements of the objects that with complex shape and different materials.
The forms of finger surface are mainly determined by the shape, surface and surface materials of grasped objects.
When fingers clamp objects, elastic materials produce deformation and contact with the external counter of object.
Meanwhile, elastic materials also can increase the surface friction force of objects that will meet the grasping requirement of smooth object.
Journal of Engineering Design, 1997, 8(2):107-117

No results are shown for objects made of other materials.
However, for materials of high hardness, regular milling cutters may not be as adequate as grinding wheels.
The common abrasive materials for a grinding wheel are silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, cubic boron nitride, manufactured diamonds, etc.
Yang, The 3D construction of partial edentulous model with ICT images, Journal of Modern Stomatology, Vol. 20, No. 4 (2006), pp.385-387.
Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing materials, processes, and systems, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Introduction Sterilization plays a fundamental role in the field of healthcare, as it involves the elimination of pathogens and other microorganisms present in equipment and materials used in surgical procedures.
The Honduran health system has several deficiencies, this could be reflected in the effectiveness of the sterilization process of surgical materials in a Sterilization and Equipment Center (SEC).
Environmental parameters, such as temperature, humidity and the presence of dust particles in the air, are crucial elements that should be monitored at all times in order to have an essential environment that does not compromise the sterility of the materials.[6].
Water quality is another crucial factor to consider because it also affects the lifespan of materials and equipment. [7].
Gondodiputro, "Relationship between Temperature and Humidity on Sterility of Reusable Instruments in Hospital's CSSD," International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, no. 45, Jun. 2015

The diffuser geometric variables and material properties were known a priori.
References [1] V.R.Sanal Kumar., S.Deshpande., H.D.Kim., T.Setoguchi., S.Matsuo., and S.Raghunathan, "Diagnostic Investigation of Dump Gap Effects on Flow Features of Dump Diffusers", 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, USA, July (2006), [2] C.R.Fishenden, and S.J.Stevens, “Performance of Annular Combustor-Dump diffuser,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 14, pp.60-67, (1977)
[6] Hestermann, R., Kim, S., Ben Khaled, Α., and Wittig, S., “Flow Field and Performance Characteristics of Combustor Diffusers: A Basic Study,” Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 117, No. 4, pp. 686–94, (1995)
[7] J.F.Carrotte, D.W.Bailey, and C.W.Frodsham, “Detailed Measurements on a Modern Dump Diffuser,” Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 117, No.4, pp.678, (1995)
[14] P.Koutmos., and J.J.McGuirk, “Numerical Calculations of the Flow in Annular Combustor Dump Diffuser Geometries,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 203, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, pp. 319–31, (1989)

In order to obtain the practical axial force of pile shaft, Egh～ε curvilinear equation can be obtained by regression analysis based on relation between elastic modulus and strain at pile top measured at various loads so as to get elastic modulus Egh of concrete according to strain of pile shaft at various depths, the method of correction shall solve the non-linear problem of material for pile shaft in terms of stress and strain.
Journal of Hubei University of Technology, Vol.26,pp. 105-107, April 2011
“Testing Study on Compression of Pile Under Vertical Load”.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, Vol.23,pp. 348-354, January 2004
“Research of super-long bored pile in loess subsoil”.Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol.22,pp. 576-580, September 2000
Journal of Engineering Geology, Vol.13,pp. 117-123, March 2005.

The sample building is that used in the design manual published by the Japan Society of Seismic Isolation Architectural in 2003, and the details of the member sizes and material properties can be found elsewhere [14].
Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol.108(ST6)(1982), p.1313-1323 [2] A.
Eng., AIJ, No.573(2003), p.217-222 [7] Pengbo Zhang, Yuping Sun, Takasi Fujinaga and Jaehyouk Choi: Frictional resistance of shear-type dampers with lap gap,Journal of Steel Construction Engineering,AIJ,Vol.16(64)(2009), p.41-48
,AIJ,No.607 ( 2006), p.53-61 [11] Weiyu Zhang and Yubiao Yang: Experimental Investigation on the Braced Frame with Duble-Phase Friction Attenuation Controller under Low Frequency Cyclic Loading,Journal of Building Science (China),Vol.11(4) (1997),p.3-7 [12] Masakazu Terai,Takanori ,Sato,Tomokazu Yoshioka,Koichi Minami,A study of hybrid friction damper used aluminum alloy, J.Struct.Constr.Eng.
,AIJ,No.633(2008), p. 2037-2044 [13] Pengbo Zhang,Jae-hyouk Choi,Takashi Fujnaga and Yuping Sun, A Study of Fundamental Performance of Friction Damper with Variable Resistances [J],Journal of Steel Construction Engineering,JSSC,No.63(2009), p. 79-86 [14] Kazuhiko Kasai, Design and installation manual for the passive damping structure, edtied by Japan society of Seismic Isolation ,October 2003