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Delhez2, d 1 Netherlands Institute for Metals Research, Mekelweg 2, 2628-CD Delft, The Netherlands 2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628-CD Delft, The Netherlands a e.m.vanderaa@tudelft.nl, bm.j.m.hermans@tudelft.nl, ci.m.richardson@tudelft.nl, d n.m.vanderpers@tudelft.nl, cr.delhez@tudelft.nl Keywords: Welding; Residual stress; Buckling distortion; Active cooling; X-ray diffraction; Synchrotron X-ray diffraction.
Materials and Methods AISI316L stainless steel sheet samples were examined.
For the calculation of stresses, information about the elastic properties of the material is required.
The Young's modulus of the material was determined by tensile tests, and turned out to be independent of the rolling direction.
Li: Mechanism of Localized Thermal Tensioning Effect in Preventing Buckling Distortions of Thin-Walled Weldments, 'Materials Science & Technology' (2005), Pittsburgh, USA [2] J.

It can be used as near-shaping technique or coating technique to deposit moulds or films consisting of different materials.
Conf. on Powder Processing Science, Berchtesgaden, 12.-14. 10. 1988, (1988), Deutsche Keramische Gesellschaft, Köln. 2.
Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science 6, (2002), S. 251-260. 3.
Progress in Materials Science 52 (1), (2007), S. 1-61. 5.
Journal of the European Ceramic Society 18 (14), (1998), S. 2141-2147.

Discussion The mechanical properties of UFG materials prepared by ECAP are strongly influenced by the details of the SPD process.
Acknowledgement The Czech Science Foundation under contract 108/10/2001 financially supported this work.
Alexandrov, Bulk nanostructured materials from severe plastic deformation, Progress in Materials Science. 45 (2000) 103-189
International Journal of Fatigue 32 (2010) 898-907
Materials and Design 30 (2009) 2636-2641.

This improvement can be attributed to the oleophilic properties and low bulk density of kapok fibers, making them a valuable addition to existing sorbent materials [2].
Gaertn.) fibers packed in nylon nets as sorbent for diesel oil spill and its ex-situ bioremediation, Journal of Environmental Science and Management 16 (2013)
Balela, Preparation of calcium stearate-coated kapok fibers for oil sorption, Materials Science Forum 1069 (2022) 9-15
Peng, Hydrophobicity and macroscale tribology behavior of stearic acid/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose dual-layer composite, Materials 14 (2021)
Balela, Adsorption of anionic methyl orange dye and lead (II) heavy metal ion by polyaniline-kapok fiber nanocomposite, Materials Chemistry and Physics 243 (2020)

Many investigations have done on these related materials.
Many other results were reported on the Raman spectroscopy about rare-earth doped materials such as gadolinium aluminum perovskite or erbium aluminum garnet, and rare-earth multiferroic oxides [8,9].
It is found that Raman spectroscopy is a reliable technique to investigate the microstructures of these materials.
For the Er2O3 amorphous powder, there is a relatively broad peak marked as “ ” in the frequency ranging from 300 to 480 cm-1 as compared with the sharp peaks encountered in crystalline materials.
In contrast, for amorphous materials, the translational symmetry that characterizes crystals is lost, causing the correlation functions to be localized.

Experimental material and method Choose 100 x 60 x5 mm 16 MNR steel for test base material, and diameter 2 mm powder silk  for  Zn-Al -Mg - RE material. 
In the coating appeared in different colors of area, this is mainly due to the spraying material by a variety of elements, when spraying the spraying particles in the flame flow melting and atomization, make material of each component realignment.
Corrosion science and protection technology. 2010,22(2): 90-93
Rare metal materials and engineering. 2010,39(3):498-451
Corrosion resistance properties of Zinc/aluminum based coating prepared by automatic high velocity arc spray[J].Journal of functional materials. 2010(41)s：296-298

Awaji1,c 1 Depertment of Materials Science and Engineering , Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555 , Japan a sato-mok@zymail.mse.nitech.ac.jp, bhonda@nitech.ac.jp, cawaji@nitech.ac.jp Keywords: SOFC, Anode, Ni�ZrO2, Microstructure, Sol-coating method, Fracture strength Abstract.
These materials were weighed corresponding to the content of Y2O3 of 8mol% for ZrO2 and the content of Ni of 40vol% for 8mol% stabilized ZrO2 in the final porous Ni�ZrO2.
Results and Discussion Fig.1 shows SEM photographs of starting materials.
EPMA analysis of NiO�ZrO2 (c) (b) (a) 1µm 10µm 1µm Fig. 1 SEM photographs of starting materials.
Nogi, Journal of Power Sources Vol.11 (2002), p.91-95 [4] T.

Quantify the weld line and its optimization based on the Taguchi and the moldflow secondary development Zhi Shan1,a, Shuhao Qin1,b and Liangqiang Wei1,c* 1National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials, Guiyang, China, 550014 ashanzhi1983@163. com, bqinshuhao@126. com, cmarshal_wei@foxmail. com Key words: weld line; quantization algorithm; Taguchi; secondary development Abstract: Designed the weld line quantization algorithm based on the moldflow secondary development of technology, obtained the numerical experimental data of weld line with this.
Formation and performance of the main factors that affect the weld line are material properties, process parameters and die structure.
The size of the sort of influencing factors on weld line: injection rate> mold temperature holding pressure> material temperature.
Acknowledgments The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the work by Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Support Program (industrial research) (grant no. 〔2012〕3036).
Journal of Composite Materials,2004,21(5): 68-73

The basic database mainly includes material database, a standard database, service condition database and historical experience database.
Material database: At home and abroad, it's very important about the study and development of material database [3, 4, 5], and this makes great contributions to the application and development of engineering materials.
Main contents of the material database are basic property parameters, fatigue life and fracture parameters.
And in this paper some researches of multiple unit carbody were made, such as carbody materials, design standards, service conditions and historical damage.
Chang: Journal of Machine Design, Vol. 24 (2007) No.4, pp.63-65.

Materials: Design & Applications 222 (3), 175-182, 2008
Materials: Design and Applications 218, 211-222, 2004
East China University of Science & Technology. 2014
Determining high temperature properties of weld materials.
Journal, Series A 45 (1), 77-83, 2002.