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Today, because of the rapid depletion of energy resources, scarcity of economic and material resources, strong technological competition and increasing environmental awareness, engineers are under immense pressure to produce optimal designs in order to survive.
On the other hand, the advent of new technology and materials, as well as the imminent introduction of many mandatory international regulations on engineering products, are making it increasingly difficult to obtain the optimal design of a device or system using traditional approaches.
[3] Osaba E., Diaz, F., “Comparison of a memetic algorithm and a tabu search algorithm for the traveling salesman problem,” Proceddings of 2012 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS), 2012, pp. 131 – 136
Johnson, “Global optimization for artificial neural networks: A tabu search application,” European Journal Ops.
Vecchi, “Optimization by Simulated Annealing,” Science, vol. 220, pp. 671–680, 1983

It brings an increase of the life of materials.
The vickers hardness (HV) of material is a measure of the size of a produced impression under load by a pyramid shaped diamond indenter.
Blum, Ant colony optimization theory: a survey, Theoretical Computer Science 344 (2005), 243-278
Luangpaiboon, Variable neighborhood simplex search methods for global optimization models, Journal of Computer Science 8 (2012), 613-620.

The key techniques in the research of DPF are the filter material and filter regeneration [3-5].
The key techniques in the research of DPF are the filter material and filter regeneration, In recent years, research shows that cerium-manganese-based catalyst have excellent performance in oxygen storage and have highly catalytic activity, also can reduce ignition temperature of filter regeneration of diesel particulate filter effectively[6].
sedimentary PM is pure soot PM to ignore the influence of geometry size of filter in the process of sedimentary soot PM burning; b)microwave energy evenly distributed along the radial direction of filter; c)cerium-manga- -nese-based catalyst evenly distributed in the soot PM of diesel exhaust has no effect on filter porosity, only changes reaction activation energy; d)the airflow which flow through filter is incompressible flow, components of airflow meet the state equation of ideal gas in reaction, specific heat is constant; e) don't consider the influence of reaction caused by H2O, NOx and CO, the process of reaction includes only three first-degree reactions: C+O2→CO2,2C+O2→2CO,C+CO2→2CO; f) filter and surrounding environment without heat exchange, boundary is adiabatic and reaction is adiabatic processes; g) ignore the PM deposited in the filter hole of capture. 1.2 The mathematic model According to the physical model and assumptions, first to establish the balance of CO2 gas state material
Acknowledgment This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation Project (number:51176045).
Journal of Aerosol Science, 2009, 40(4): 307-323 [3] T Ido, T Ogyu．

A calorimeter is a device used for calorimetry, the science of measuring the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes as well as heat capacity.
Fuels such as coal and oil, are traded based on the calorific value of the material.
Chen, Effect Of Methanol-Containing Additive On The Emission Of Carbonyl Compounds From A Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine, Journal of Hazardous Materials B, 73, pp. 39–54, 2000
Combustion Science and Technology, 154,. 259–273, 2000

Dynamic Analysis of a Truck Frame with Fuzzy Uncertain Parameters Zhikun Luo1, a, Ping He2,b, Wei Tan3,c and Guodong Jin4,d 1Center for Computer-Aided Design, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China aemail:luyieer@126.com Keywords: Fuzzy Set; Uncertain Parameters; Truck Frame Abstract.
Hanss [8] used fuzzy parameters to express the Young’s moduli of the material on stress analysis using finite element method.
First we establish a finite element model of the frame, and elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the material is considered as fuzzy parameters with triangular membership function.
Elishakoff, Convex Models of Uncertainty in Applied Mechanics, Elsevier Science:Amsterdam, 1990
Hansen, “Interval arithmetic in matrix computations-part I,” SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis, vol. 2, Feb. 1965, pp.308-320

Computer Simulating Effluent Quality of Vertical Tube Biological Reactor using Support Vector Machine Jing Zhang 1, 2 a, JiTi Zhou 1, 3 b, YuMing Li 3 c and Hua Yang 1,d 1 Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, P.
Materials and methods VTBR for wastewater treatment In general, the VTBR consists of four towering reactors to form an anaerobic-aerobic reactor.
The towers are usually filled with padding material for fixed-growth of microorganism.
Environmental Science and Management (in Chinese) Vol. 30 (2005), p. 69
Journal of System Simulation (in Chinese), Vol. 19 (2007), p. 1540.

Building's life cycle energy consumption is made up by all the energy consumption from building materials production phase of mining, construction phase, building operational phase, maintenance phase, and solid waste disposal phase.
earthwork Dig fill earthwork Earthwork transportation Scaffold project Pile foundation engineering Installating and removing a scaffold material transport piling Transportating pile masonry Scheduling brick Materials Processing Concrete and reinforced concrete transportation of materials material processing Transport and installation of component Processing components Component transportation Figure 1.Project Classification Figure The Analysis of Energy Consumption in Construction Phase.The source of energy consumption in construction phase can be divided into two major categories,the construction production and life.Energy consumption in construction production accounted for the major part, therefore, we mainly study the energy consumption of construction phase.During the construction production, construction energy consumption mainly comes from the transportation energy consumption and the process
use the diesel as the power energy.The energy intensity of diesel is 11.14[3].In table 1,1000refers to the excavator DX140LC digging within 1.5 depth required 2.92 machine-team.Put the data into the formula(1),we can gain the quota of mechanical energy consumption.Guota Of Mechanical Energy Consumption[4][5]is shown in table 1: Table1 Quota Of Mechanical Energy Consumption unit:1000 Type of mechanical equipment power rating Standard dipper capacity Digging depth() energy consumption （unit：） Within 1.5 Within 2 More than2 DouShan DX140LC 71KW 0.5 2.92 machine-team - - 18.48 DouShan DH150LC-7 71KW 0.75 - 2.5 machine-team - 15.82 XiaoSong PC220-8 125KW 1 - - 2.09 machine-team 23.28 Estimating Energy Consumption Quota of Construction Transportation The transportation consumption in construction phase is the total consumption of energy on transportation, including the consumption of carrying the utilized architectural materials
(2) (3) (4) In the formulae,ej means the consumption intensity when the transportation motors using the No. j kind of dynamic energy as the fuel, here the unit is L/t·km.nm means the transportation times of the materials, ne means the transportation times of the mechanical equipments, the elements and the components.nw means the transportation times of the solid abandonment.Qm means the transportation amounts of the carried materials,Qe means the transportation amounts of the mechanical equipments, the elements and the components.Qw means the transportation amounts of the solid abandonment, here the unit is t.
[2]Angela Acree Guggemos,and Arpad Horvath:J.Journal of Inf rastructure Systems,2005(6), p.96 [3]Yi Chen,Yan Zhu:J.Tsinghua Science and Technology.Vol.50(2010),p.327 [4]GJD-101-95:S.The unified national construction engineering foundation quota.BeiJing：1995 [5]Yantao Xi,Wenzhou Yan:J.Xi'an University of Architecture and TechnologyScience and Technology.Vol.36(2004),p.126 [6]Jianhua Tian:D.Energy Consumption and Environmental Forecast of Transportation Department in China.Dalian：Dalian University of Technology

Due to the good heat and chemical stability of rare earth molybdate emitting materials, the rare earth molybdate emitting material is a kind of very good emitting substrate materials and is presently the hotspot of research of the red phosphors for LED[5,6,7].
This paper provides the theoretical basis of developing new emiting materials.
LS2010120) of People’s Republic of China. and the Science and Technical Projects of Shenyang (Grant No. 10633070) of People’s Republic of China.
Zhou: Journal of Luminescence, Vol. 128 (2008) No.5, p.147
Jian: Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 42 (2007) No.9, p.1669.

Introduction The solid electrolyte with oxygen vacancy (VO  ) fast ion transport emerged as attractive materials for applications in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC).
NiO powder and YSZ (YSZ/NiO weight ratio about 5 wt%.) were used as starting materials 2 Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) for Ni-cermet ceramic preparation (this ceramic is used as anode materials in SOFC).
The X-ray diffraction patterns show the traces of the substrates materials and tetragonal phase of YSZ.
Investigation of the X-ray diffraction patterns showed that thin films are mixed-phase materials but the grains of YSZ belong to cubic symmetry.
Acknowledgement This work was partially supported by the Lithuanian Science Foundation Grant I-064.

Journal Citation (to be inserted by the publisher) Copyright by Trans Tech Publications Mechanical Characteristics of Mg and Its Composite Recycled from Mg Chips Si-Young Chang 1* , Jin-Chun Kim 2, Seung Kyun Ryu 3, Sung-Tag Oh 4 and Kae Myung Kang 4 1 Department of Materials Engineering, Hankuk Aviation University, Kyunggi-do 412-791, Korea, sychang@mail.hau.ac.kr 2 Materials Technology Department, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, Kyungnam 641-010, Korea 3 Digital Plating Co., Seoul 151-742, Korea4 Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Seoul National University of Technology, Seoul 139-743, Korea Keywords: Recycling, Mg Chips, Composite, SiC Particle, Hardness, Tensile Strength Abstract.
Introduction Magnesium has become attractive as a light and highly efficient material because of low density, high specific strength and potential for recycling.
In addition, cast Mg was prepared by squeeze casting followed by hot extrusion under same conditions as compared material.
In addition, P/M materials have generally finer grain than conventional cast ones.
Kamio: Metals and Materials Vol. 4 (1998), p165